Dissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes
... The enormous cell diversity observed in the visual system offers a powerful system for neurobiologists to study neurogenesis, neuronal polarity, axon guidance, and the correlation of specific cell populations with their physiological functions in driving behavior. The Protocol describes methods for ...
... The enormous cell diversity observed in the visual system offers a powerful system for neurobiologists to study neurogenesis, neuronal polarity, axon guidance, and the correlation of specific cell populations with their physiological functions in driving behavior. The Protocol describes methods for ...
Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three
... two sulci, which can be detected early in development. Many investigators (Karten, 1969; Ulinski, 1983) considered the ADVR to be homologous to avian neostriatum and ventral hyperstriatum, which are therefore collectively referred to as ADVR. In the following descriptions, unless specified, DVR refe ...
... two sulci, which can be detected early in development. Many investigators (Karten, 1969; Ulinski, 1983) considered the ADVR to be homologous to avian neostriatum and ventral hyperstriatum, which are therefore collectively referred to as ADVR. In the following descriptions, unless specified, DVR refe ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... profound reduction of peripheral and central chemoreflexes [17–19]. A remarkable feature of the disease is that breathing is usually fairly normal during waking and responds normally to exercise and emotions [20,21]. These characteristics suggest that the CPG of CCHS patients must be largely intact, ...
... profound reduction of peripheral and central chemoreflexes [17–19]. A remarkable feature of the disease is that breathing is usually fairly normal during waking and responds normally to exercise and emotions [20,21]. These characteristics suggest that the CPG of CCHS patients must be largely intact, ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... More recently, Gruber, Müller, Keil, and Elbert (1999) investigated the orienting of spatial attention and found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, ...
... More recently, Gruber, Müller, Keil, and Elbert (1999) investigated the orienting of spatial attention and found that the distribution of gamma power following an attention-directing cue was maximal over parieto-occipital sites. The range of frequencies included within the gamma band is quite large, ...
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of sleep
... parameters, such as alpha rhythm, sleep spindles, sleep delta waves, rapid eye movements or tonic chin EMG levels. • The depth of sleep is reflected by EEG slow waves produced during NREM sleep and tells us something about its recuperative value. • In all mammalian species delta waves increase as a ...
... parameters, such as alpha rhythm, sleep spindles, sleep delta waves, rapid eye movements or tonic chin EMG levels. • The depth of sleep is reflected by EEG slow waves produced during NREM sleep and tells us something about its recuperative value. • In all mammalian species delta waves increase as a ...
States of Consciuosnes
... Directly proposed hypnotic suggestions cannot make you do anything against your morals, religion, or self-preservation. ...
... Directly proposed hypnotic suggestions cannot make you do anything against your morals, religion, or self-preservation. ...
365 Brainy Fact-A
... about 2.5 square feet, has 25 billion neurons, is interconnected by over 100,000 kilometers of axons and receives 300 ...
... about 2.5 square feet, has 25 billion neurons, is interconnected by over 100,000 kilometers of axons and receives 300 ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
... cortical states shape sensory processing across cortical laminae and what type of response properties emerge in the cortex. Recording neural activity from the auditory cortex (AC) and medial geniculate body (MGB) simultaneously with electrical stimulations of the basal forebrain (BF) in urethaneanes ...
The Gene Encoding Disabled-1 (DAB1), the Intracellular Adaptor of
... neuronal migration (reviewed in Ref. 10). The neurons that are the most affected include those of the cortical plate in the cortex and hippocampus, Purkinje cells, and inferior olivary neurons. In human, mutations in Reelin result in a specific lissencephaly with mental retardation and severe abnorm ...
... neuronal migration (reviewed in Ref. 10). The neurons that are the most affected include those of the cortical plate in the cortex and hippocampus, Purkinje cells, and inferior olivary neurons. In human, mutations in Reelin result in a specific lissencephaly with mental retardation and severe abnorm ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather than its motor properties, or a combination of the two. To control for this, a set of mirro ...
... Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons displayed during the monkey's actions could be due to the neuron's visual properties alone rather than its motor properties, or a combination of the two. To control for this, a set of mirro ...
Skeletal System
... Since the spinocerebellar tracts do not terminate in the cortex, these pathways do not contribute to conscious sensation The spinocerebellar tracts do not decussate and thus contribute to ipsilateral innervation ...
... Since the spinocerebellar tracts do not terminate in the cortex, these pathways do not contribute to conscious sensation The spinocerebellar tracts do not decussate and thus contribute to ipsilateral innervation ...
An In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of
... A typical processed in vivo TH spectrum acquired from the left dorsolateral prefrontal region of a control is shown in figure 2. The spectrum contains no dominating broad spectral resonances that underlie the baseline noise over the 1.88 to 3.45 ppm spectral region. The signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., ...
... A typical processed in vivo TH spectrum acquired from the left dorsolateral prefrontal region of a control is shown in figure 2. The spectrum contains no dominating broad spectral resonances that underlie the baseline noise over the 1.88 to 3.45 ppm spectral region. The signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., ...
RNA Trafficking and Local Protein Synthesis in Dendrites: An
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
... Export of mRNAs to neuronal processes Early, pioneering studies used nucleic acid stains and green fluorescent protein fused to RNA-binding proteins to visualize mRNA translocation in live neurons (Kohrmann et al., 1999; Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000; Huang et al., 2003; Tiruchinapalli et al., 20 ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiat ...
... and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiat ...
Motor learning in man: A review of functional and clinical studies
... (iii) subjects reached a plateau level of performance, the slope was constant. The results are in agreement with the findings by Sailer et al. (2005) who reported similar learning stages for a task in which subjects had to coordinate bi manual motor actions. Looking at the neural mechanisms underlyin ...
... (iii) subjects reached a plateau level of performance, the slope was constant. The results are in agreement with the findings by Sailer et al. (2005) who reported similar learning stages for a task in which subjects had to coordinate bi manual motor actions. Looking at the neural mechanisms underlyin ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...
... Neural prostheses that can reliably and effectively activate the cortex have the potential to treat a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders (1–4). However, effective activation is difficult, given the large diversity of cell types within the cortex coupled with an inability to selecti ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are further divided according to whether they showed the selectivity in only one given). We then advanced the window by 10 ms and analyzed the ne ...
... Neurons are classified according to whether they showed a significant main effect (with no significant interactions) or a significant interaction. Neurons are further divided according to whether they showed the selectivity in only one given). We then advanced the window by 10 ms and analyzed the ne ...
Where Do Features Come From?
... The third and most interesting computation that a Boltzmann machine can perform is to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple ...
... The third and most interesting computation that a Boltzmann machine can perform is to update the weights on the connections in such a way that it is probably slightly more likely to generate all of the datavectors in the training set. Although this is a slow process, it is mathematically very simple ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... another and for one another/s thinking, that has lasted for thirty years. Hal, unfortunately, died ten years ago of a brain tumor, but his warmth, his creativity persist. Sol Spiegelman invited me to return to Columbia as an Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecst ...
... another and for one another/s thinking, that has lasted for thirty years. Hal, unfortunately, died ten years ago of a brain tumor, but his warmth, his creativity persist. Sol Spiegelman invited me to return to Columbia as an Assistant Professor in 1974 at the Institute of Cancer Research. I was ecst ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activation patterns which underlie perception and are largely unknown. However, studies have shown that ...
... numbers of synaptically connected neurons. The combination of the computation individual neurons perform on their input with the pattern of flow of activation between the neurons create population activation patterns which underlie perception and are largely unknown. However, studies have shown that ...
reviews - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... visual awareness10,11. So, instead of attempting to fully process the massive sensory input (estimated to be on the order of 107–108 bits per second at the optic nerve) in parallel, a serial strategy has evolved that achieves near real-time performance despite limited computational capacity. Attenti ...
... visual awareness10,11. So, instead of attempting to fully process the massive sensory input (estimated to be on the order of 107–108 bits per second at the optic nerve) in parallel, a serial strategy has evolved that achieves near real-time performance despite limited computational capacity. Attenti ...