Eagleman Ch 14. Motivation and Reward
... If the expected reward is not provided, the firing rate will decrease. A positive prediction signal occurs when the reward is better than expected. A negative prediction signal occurs when the reward is worse than expected. ...
... If the expected reward is not provided, the firing rate will decrease. A positive prediction signal occurs when the reward is better than expected. A negative prediction signal occurs when the reward is worse than expected. ...
Investigating circadian rhythmicity in pain sensitivity using
... model has been previously constructed for the interaction between a deep dorsal horn neuron and Aδ fibers [17], a wide-dynamic range projection neuron [1], and for the dorsal horn circuit between a projection, inhibitory, and excitatory neuron [38]. All these models were validated by showing that th ...
... model has been previously constructed for the interaction between a deep dorsal horn neuron and Aδ fibers [17], a wide-dynamic range projection neuron [1], and for the dorsal horn circuit between a projection, inhibitory, and excitatory neuron [38]. All these models were validated by showing that th ...
Role of Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Self
... to consider the particular research question which RPE is being used to assess when administering RPE scales. Within sports science research RPE is often taken as a secondary measure in order to vaguely describe one’s sensations during exercise. As such, it is plausible that the primary research mea ...
... to consider the particular research question which RPE is being used to assess when administering RPE scales. Within sports science research RPE is often taken as a secondary measure in order to vaguely describe one’s sensations during exercise. As such, it is plausible that the primary research mea ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... recorded. However, subsequent studies also found prominent orientation selectivity among V4 cells, suggesting its role in processing of shape information (Van Essen and Zeki, 1978; Schein et al., 1982; Mountcastle et al., 1987). As will be seen in the next section, the diversity of response properti ...
... recorded. However, subsequent studies also found prominent orientation selectivity among V4 cells, suggesting its role in processing of shape information (Van Essen and Zeki, 1978; Schein et al., 1982; Mountcastle et al., 1987). As will be seen in the next section, the diversity of response properti ...
to receive a reprint - Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences
... be measured in terms of the correlation of the activation time series in one region with the activation time series of another region. The extent to which the activation levels of 2 regions rise and fall in tandem is considered an illustration of the degree to which the 2 regions are collaborating o ...
... be measured in terms of the correlation of the activation time series in one region with the activation time series of another region. The extent to which the activation levels of 2 regions rise and fall in tandem is considered an illustration of the degree to which the 2 regions are collaborating o ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
Stimuluslocked responses on human arm muscles reveal a rapid
... procedure was performed for every sample (1 ms) between 40 and 300 ms after peripheral target appearance. Thus, multiple trials were used to generate a time-series of ROC values that represents the probability of determining the target being reached towards based on the EMG activity. The same proced ...
... procedure was performed for every sample (1 ms) between 40 and 300 ms after peripheral target appearance. Thus, multiple trials were used to generate a time-series of ROC values that represents the probability of determining the target being reached towards based on the EMG activity. The same proced ...
view pdf - Columbia University
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
... Fig. 2 Lateral view of cleaned endocast. Arrows show locations of fracture zones, the middle one being that of a conical point. Gyri and sulci are approximate only. P.T., pars triangularis; C, coronal suture; S.F., sylviaii fissure, C.S., central sulcus; S.Q.. squamous suture; S.T., superior tempora ...
Lecture12 PPT
... instantly and decrementally) to an area adjacent to the axon hillock. In this area, the EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated. ...
... instantly and decrementally) to an area adjacent to the axon hillock. In this area, the EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated. ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... method or complicate the interpretation of its results. Insects, for example, make use of trehalose and fatty acids, in addition to glucose and glycogen, as intermediate sources for high energy phosphates (Buchner and Buchner, 1983). An additional limitation has been the requirement for autoradiogra ...
... method or complicate the interpretation of its results. Insects, for example, make use of trehalose and fatty acids, in addition to glucose and glycogen, as intermediate sources for high energy phosphates (Buchner and Buchner, 1983). An additional limitation has been the requirement for autoradiogra ...
Can regenerating axons recapitulate developmental
... misdirected and fail to reform functional connections. Here, we attempt to fill an important niche related to the topics of nervous system development and regeneration. We specifically contrast the difficulties faced by growing fibres within the adult context to the precise circuit-forming capabilit ...
... misdirected and fail to reform functional connections. Here, we attempt to fill an important niche related to the topics of nervous system development and regeneration. We specifically contrast the difficulties faced by growing fibres within the adult context to the precise circuit-forming capabilit ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
Mapping Horizontal Spread of Activity in Monkey Motor
... address this issue, we used multielectrode arrays chronically implanted in the motor cortex of two rhesus monkeys to analyze the effects of single-pulse intracortical microstimulation (sICMS) applied at one electrode on the neuronal activities recorded at all other electrodes. The temporal and spati ...
... address this issue, we used multielectrode arrays chronically implanted in the motor cortex of two rhesus monkeys to analyze the effects of single-pulse intracortical microstimulation (sICMS) applied at one electrode on the neuronal activities recorded at all other electrodes. The temporal and spati ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
... Non-auditory Asymmetries. Thus far, only two behavioral studies of infant cognitive-perceptual asymmetries in other, non-auditory modalities have been conducted, both of which assessed right hemisphere advantages for pattern recognition. One of these was inconclusive regarding functional asymmetries ...
... Non-auditory Asymmetries. Thus far, only two behavioral studies of infant cognitive-perceptual asymmetries in other, non-auditory modalities have been conducted, both of which assessed right hemisphere advantages for pattern recognition. One of these was inconclusive regarding functional asymmetries ...
Tasks for inhibitory interneurons in intact brain circuits
... Fig. 1. Main forms of inhibitory microcircuits. A. In a feed-forward inhibitory circuit, interneurons (red) receive excitatory inputs from an external source (green) and in turn inhibit the local principal neurons (black). These latter neurons are often also targeted by the external excitatory input ...
... Fig. 1. Main forms of inhibitory microcircuits. A. In a feed-forward inhibitory circuit, interneurons (red) receive excitatory inputs from an external source (green) and in turn inhibit the local principal neurons (black). These latter neurons are often also targeted by the external excitatory input ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... Previous research begs the questions, how do the hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of inte ...
... Previous research begs the questions, how do the hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of inte ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
... Different odors induce innate approach or avoidance behaviors in Drosophila. Innate odor responses can be modulated by experience, such as associative learning. After simultaneous exposure to an electric shock and an odorant, flies form aversive memory and show robust conditioned odor avoidance that ...
Visual Object Recognition: Do We Know More Now Than We Did 20
... appearance in the early 1980s, inspired a wealth of empirical research. Moving to the 1990s, psychophysical evidence for view-based accounts of recognition challenged some of the fundamental assumptions of structural-description theories. The 1990s also saw increased interest in the neurophysiologic ...
... appearance in the early 1980s, inspired a wealth of empirical research. Moving to the 1990s, psychophysical evidence for view-based accounts of recognition challenged some of the fundamental assumptions of structural-description theories. The 1990s also saw increased interest in the neurophysiologic ...
Activity of Bipolar Potential Generation in Paramecium
... Operational principles are not known enough for living neural systems. Enough knowledge should be studied for neural system together with a neuron itself. A neural group operates as a synchronized system controlled by stable timing clock established in neural group [1-4]. A single neuron operates as ...
... Operational principles are not known enough for living neural systems. Enough knowledge should be studied for neural system together with a neuron itself. A neural group operates as a synchronized system controlled by stable timing clock established in neural group [1-4]. A single neuron operates as ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... Andersen et al. (1987) introduced new paradigms to the study of the IPL. This and other studies led Andersen (1987) to propose that a major function of the IPL is sensorimotor integration. One paradigm was the delayed saccade, in which the visual and S responses are separated in time. Many IPL neuro ...
... Andersen et al. (1987) introduced new paradigms to the study of the IPL. This and other studies led Andersen (1987) to propose that a major function of the IPL is sensorimotor integration. One paradigm was the delayed saccade, in which the visual and S responses are separated in time. Many IPL neuro ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent affects the acetylcholinesterase-positive structures in the various areas of the human and the rat CNS. This study demonstrate ...
... (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent affects the acetylcholinesterase-positive structures in the various areas of the human and the rat CNS. This study demonstrate ...
The neural basis of moral cognition
... The concepts of antisocial personality disorder (‘sociopathy’) and psychopathy (a severe form of sociopathy) originated from the need to diagnose individuals who show a pattern of behaviours that goes against the common good and repeatedly involves harm to others. Although social norms vary among cu ...
... The concepts of antisocial personality disorder (‘sociopathy’) and psychopathy (a severe form of sociopathy) originated from the need to diagnose individuals who show a pattern of behaviours that goes against the common good and repeatedly involves harm to others. Although social norms vary among cu ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... exploring the familiar object (Figure 3A). Tsc2+/ mice, however, did not exhibit ASD-like repetitive behaviors (Figure 3B). Sociability was assessed during a dyadic social interaction with a novel (noncagemate) mouse matched for sex and genotype (see Supplemental Information). Tsc2+/ mice spent less ...
... exploring the familiar object (Figure 3A). Tsc2+/ mice, however, did not exhibit ASD-like repetitive behaviors (Figure 3B). Sociability was assessed during a dyadic social interaction with a novel (noncagemate) mouse matched for sex and genotype (see Supplemental Information). Tsc2+/ mice spent less ...
