Kandel ch. 42 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... connected to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem by three symmetrical pairs of tracts: the inferior cerebellar peduncle (also called the restiform body), the middle cerebellar peduncle (or brachium pontis), and the superior cerebellar peduncle (or brachium conjunctivum). The superior cerebellar pedu ...
... connected to the dorsal aspect of the brain stem by three symmetrical pairs of tracts: the inferior cerebellar peduncle (also called the restiform body), the middle cerebellar peduncle (or brachium pontis), and the superior cerebellar peduncle (or brachium conjunctivum). The superior cerebellar pedu ...
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... Martin, 1991; Douglas et al., 1989). Subsequent studies demonstrated that the most frequently connected cells were located in the same layer, whereas interlaminar connections are dominated by feedforward connections from L4 to L3 and from L3 to L5 (Thomson et al., 2002; reviewed by Bastos et al., 20 ...
... Martin, 1991; Douglas et al., 1989). Subsequent studies demonstrated that the most frequently connected cells were located in the same layer, whereas interlaminar connections are dominated by feedforward connections from L4 to L3 and from L3 to L5 (Thomson et al., 2002; reviewed by Bastos et al., 20 ...
The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... recordings with microiontophoresis, a seven-barrel micropipette (12–15 m tip diameter) was glued alongside a recording electrode, as described previously (Akaoka et al., 1992). Four different barrels were filled with one of the following solutions: GABA (400 mM, pH 4), bicuculline methiodide (GABAA ...
... recordings with microiontophoresis, a seven-barrel micropipette (12–15 m tip diameter) was glued alongside a recording electrode, as described previously (Akaoka et al., 1992). Four different barrels were filled with one of the following solutions: GABA (400 mM, pH 4), bicuculline methiodide (GABAA ...
Where in the brain is morality?
... judgment. Greene and colleagues were the first to investigate whether brain regions such as the VMPC,3 implicated in emotional processing, are systematically engaged during moral judgment. Rather than contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dile ...
... judgment. Greene and colleagues were the first to investigate whether brain regions such as the VMPC,3 implicated in emotional processing, are systematically engaged during moral judgment. Rather than contrasting moral to nonmoral stimuli, Greene and colleagues compared different kinds of moral dile ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... been made in understanding the dynamics of transmission both on a physiological and modeling level. Nevertheless, little is known about the processing of complex, long lasting stimulation patterns mimicking the input typically present in the intact brain. Furthermore, calyx of Held synapses are chro ...
... been made in understanding the dynamics of transmission both on a physiological and modeling level. Nevertheless, little is known about the processing of complex, long lasting stimulation patterns mimicking the input typically present in the intact brain. Furthermore, calyx of Held synapses are chro ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... the ground. The pad supports the animal on loose sand. The camel’s cushioned feet make almost no sound when the animal walks or runs [13]. These features of the limbs of the camel enable it to walk over the softest kinds of sand that are difficult for any other animal to move on them. To the best of ...
... the ground. The pad supports the animal on loose sand. The camel’s cushioned feet make almost no sound when the animal walks or runs [13]. These features of the limbs of the camel enable it to walk over the softest kinds of sand that are difficult for any other animal to move on them. To the best of ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... tuning within a voxel. My findings show that voxels in M1 are directionally tuned, suggesting functional organization. This directional tuning was shown using several analytical tools: (1) I showed directly that when aligning the tuning curve of voxels to their PD (defined as the direction in which ...
... tuning within a voxel. My findings show that voxels in M1 are directionally tuned, suggesting functional organization. This directional tuning was shown using several analytical tools: (1) I showed directly that when aligning the tuning curve of voxels to their PD (defined as the direction in which ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... to stimulus velocity except for a 1807 phase shift at the null response. This applies for stimulus frequencies between 0.1 and 2 Hz. All other neuronal response characteristics (constant responses and varying phases at different orientations) indicate spatiotemporal convergence with an (additional) ...
... to stimulus velocity except for a 1807 phase shift at the null response. This applies for stimulus frequencies between 0.1 and 2 Hz. All other neuronal response characteristics (constant responses and varying phases at different orientations) indicate spatiotemporal convergence with an (additional) ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... Positive hedonic states are known to attenuate the impact of demanding events on our body and brain, supporting adaptive behavior in response to changes in the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanism of this hedonic regulation. The effect of hedonic ...
... Positive hedonic states are known to attenuate the impact of demanding events on our body and brain, supporting adaptive behavior in response to changes in the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural mechanism of this hedonic regulation. The effect of hedonic ...
Cln3 Targeted Disruption of the Gene Provides a Mouse Model for Batten Disease
... In spite of the absence of evident clinical disease, morphological studies showed that Cln3 ⫺/⫺ mice exhibited several of the features of Batten disease. We observed a marked accumulation of storage material in neuronal cell bodies in the brains of Cln3 ⫺/⫺ (Fig. 2). Autofluorescent cytoplasmic incl ...
... In spite of the absence of evident clinical disease, morphological studies showed that Cln3 ⫺/⫺ mice exhibited several of the features of Batten disease. We observed a marked accumulation of storage material in neuronal cell bodies in the brains of Cln3 ⫺/⫺ (Fig. 2). Autofluorescent cytoplasmic incl ...
Regional and laminar distribution of the vesicular glutamate
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
... parabelt region. This density gradient reflects progressive reductions in both staining density and width of the IIIb/IV band along the core–belt–parabelt axis. Although the functional significance of these anatomical gradients is not well understood, it is reasonable to suppose that they contribute t ...
Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Developing Cerebellum
... Ethanol exposure modulates the expression of BDNF mRNA in different brain areas, based on the dose, administration route, and duration of ethanol exposure. Raivio et al. [58] reported that ethanol administration (1.2 g/kg b.wt., I.P.) to Wistar rats decreases BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus, whi ...
... Ethanol exposure modulates the expression of BDNF mRNA in different brain areas, based on the dose, administration route, and duration of ethanol exposure. Raivio et al. [58] reported that ethanol administration (1.2 g/kg b.wt., I.P.) to Wistar rats decreases BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus, whi ...
Nervous System PPT
... Nerves carry impulses by creating electric charges Neurons have a membranes that separate its cytoplasm inside from extracellular fluids outside Neuron has a lot of K+ but little Na+; opposite of extracellular fluid; membrane allows for these ions to move in and out of the cell 3.01 Remember the ...
... Nerves carry impulses by creating electric charges Neurons have a membranes that separate its cytoplasm inside from extracellular fluids outside Neuron has a lot of K+ but little Na+; opposite of extracellular fluid; membrane allows for these ions to move in and out of the cell 3.01 Remember the ...
Chapter 4 Notes Power Point
... •Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any kind of human cell. •In recent years, scientists have successfully reprogrammed cells from adult organs (skin cells), to become stem cells. These are called “induced pluripotent stem (IPS)” cells. •Patient-advocacy groups hope that transplanted stem c ...
... •Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any kind of human cell. •In recent years, scientists have successfully reprogrammed cells from adult organs (skin cells), to become stem cells. These are called “induced pluripotent stem (IPS)” cells. •Patient-advocacy groups hope that transplanted stem c ...
Optometric Management Of A Patient With Parietal Lobe Injury
... leads to swelling and eventually the tearing of the axon.8 The axon distal to the tear shrivels back toward the cell body forming a bulb, with this bulb becoming one of the distinguishing features of DAI.8-11 Thus, DAI is characterized by axonal stretching, tearing, and bulb formation. This leads to ...
... leads to swelling and eventually the tearing of the axon.8 The axon distal to the tear shrivels back toward the cell body forming a bulb, with this bulb becoming one of the distinguishing features of DAI.8-11 Thus, DAI is characterized by axonal stretching, tearing, and bulb formation. This leads to ...
Structural changes of the human superior cervical
... Key words: human superior cervical ganglion; sympathetic neuron; apoptosis; ischemic stroke; TUNEL method. Summary. Objective. The sympathetic nervous system participates in the modulation of cerebrovascular autoregulation. The most important source of sympathetic innervation of the cerebral arterie ...
... Key words: human superior cervical ganglion; sympathetic neuron; apoptosis; ischemic stroke; TUNEL method. Summary. Objective. The sympathetic nervous system participates in the modulation of cerebrovascular autoregulation. The most important source of sympathetic innervation of the cerebral arterie ...
The role responses of expression and identity in the face
... with anterior temporal lesions shows that they are severely impaired on social interactions, both in free-ranging groups and in captivity ~5'19. This may b e d u e to the inability of lesioned monkeys to recognize the identity and rank of other monkeys in the group. HoreP 4 found deficits on discrim ...
... with anterior temporal lesions shows that they are severely impaired on social interactions, both in free-ranging groups and in captivity ~5'19. This may b e d u e to the inability of lesioned monkeys to recognize the identity and rank of other monkeys in the group. HoreP 4 found deficits on discrim ...
Quasi-isometric Representation of Three Dimensional
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
... Correspondence with the LSM theory • The neural network may be treated as a liquid • The readout function receives only the current state of the liquid and transforms it to an output signal • The system can perform several tasks simultaneously ...
Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex as a Cause of Mental
... eminences – towards the pial surface, where each successive generation passes one another and settles in an inside-out pattern within the cortical plate. The third phase represents cortical organization within six layers associated with synaptogenesis and apoptosis. This is a dynamic process and mor ...
... eminences – towards the pial surface, where each successive generation passes one another and settles in an inside-out pattern within the cortical plate. The third phase represents cortical organization within six layers associated with synaptogenesis and apoptosis. This is a dynamic process and mor ...
as pdf - Hypnosis Unit UK
... failed to materialize for her left leg along with the absence of the movement itself. Instead there was increased activity in two other areas, the right anterior cingulate cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex, which the authors interpreted as evidence for an unconscious inhibition of the intended v ...
... failed to materialize for her left leg along with the absence of the movement itself. Instead there was increased activity in two other areas, the right anterior cingulate cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex, which the authors interpreted as evidence for an unconscious inhibition of the intended v ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... Physiological data demonstrates theta frequency oscillations associated with memory function and spatial behavior. Modeling and data from animals provide a perspective on the functional role of theta rhythm, including correlations with behavioral performance and coding by timing of spikes relative t ...
... Physiological data demonstrates theta frequency oscillations associated with memory function and spatial behavior. Modeling and data from animals provide a perspective on the functional role of theta rhythm, including correlations with behavioral performance and coding by timing of spikes relative t ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
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... instructive error signals. These error signals are thought to be conveyed by dopamine neurons. To test whether orbitofrontal cortex contributes to these error signals, we recorded from dopamine neurons in orbitofrontal-lesioned rats performing a reward learning task. Lesions caused marked changes in ...
... instructive error signals. These error signals are thought to be conveyed by dopamine neurons. To test whether orbitofrontal cortex contributes to these error signals, we recorded from dopamine neurons in orbitofrontal-lesioned rats performing a reward learning task. Lesions caused marked changes in ...