Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... Pol and Gorcs 1986), and electrophysiological studies support the hypothesis that these collateral axons form a network of local inhibitory circuits (Strecker et al. 1997). The role of interneuronal communication within the SCN is also unclear. Irregular activity could hypothetically be attributable ...
... Pol and Gorcs 1986), and electrophysiological studies support the hypothesis that these collateral axons form a network of local inhibitory circuits (Strecker et al. 1997). The role of interneuronal communication within the SCN is also unclear. Irregular activity could hypothetically be attributable ...
The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives
... achieve the goal. Although some other specific visual characteristics have been already observed in the early studies on mirror neurons, these characteristics have been recently re-investigated and will be dealt with below. An important aspect of mirror neuron responses that must be stressed for und ...
... achieve the goal. Although some other specific visual characteristics have been already observed in the early studies on mirror neurons, these characteristics have been recently re-investigated and will be dealt with below. An important aspect of mirror neuron responses that must be stressed for und ...
A forward genetic screen with a thalamocortical emx2
... Figure 1 The TCA-TLZ reporter line marks thalamocortical axons specifically and consistently during development. (A) The TCA-TLZ reporter expresses beta-galactosidase in dorsal thalamic neurons (dTh) starting from E13, and reveals the development of their axon trajectory (TCAs) to cortex (ctx). Cort ...
... Figure 1 The TCA-TLZ reporter line marks thalamocortical axons specifically and consistently during development. (A) The TCA-TLZ reporter expresses beta-galactosidase in dorsal thalamic neurons (dTh) starting from E13, and reveals the development of their axon trajectory (TCAs) to cortex (ctx). Cort ...
Mouse Nerve Growth Factor Prevents Degeneration of Axotomized
... controls and in both groups of experimental animals. Thus, mouse NGF profoundly influences the process of axotomyinduced retrograde degeneration in cholinergic BFMC neurons in primates. The in vivo effectiveness of mouse NGF on primate BFMC neurons suggests that mouse or human recombinant NGF may be ...
... controls and in both groups of experimental animals. Thus, mouse NGF profoundly influences the process of axotomyinduced retrograde degeneration in cholinergic BFMC neurons in primates. The in vivo effectiveness of mouse NGF on primate BFMC neurons suggests that mouse or human recombinant NGF may be ...
Lecture 12
... • Nociceptors (pain receptors): – sensory receptors that detect noxious stimulation that causes damage or potential damage to skin – Two groups of nociceptors: • A-delta fibers • C fibers ...
... • Nociceptors (pain receptors): – sensory receptors that detect noxious stimulation that causes damage or potential damage to skin – Two groups of nociceptors: • A-delta fibers • C fibers ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
... T is well known that cognition influences pain perception.1 Cognitive strategies use this concept and are used for day-to-day pain management by patients with chronic pain.2– 4 They reduce pain by addressing psychologic influences5 through techniques such as diversion of attention, reappraisal, imag ...
Methods for reducing interference in the Complementary Learning
... because of the hippocampal model’s ability to assign relatively distinct representations to similar inputs. However, Norman and O’Reilly (2003) noted that the hippocampal model is still prone to ‘pattern separation collapse’ when given large numbers of overlapping patterns. When this occurs, the hip ...
... because of the hippocampal model’s ability to assign relatively distinct representations to similar inputs. However, Norman and O’Reilly (2003) noted that the hippocampal model is still prone to ‘pattern separation collapse’ when given large numbers of overlapping patterns. When this occurs, the hip ...
Cortex - Anatomy and Physiology
... • 40% mass of brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
... • 40% mass of brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... 20 min. The responses to mechanical stimulation of suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to a ...
... 20 min. The responses to mechanical stimulation of suboccipital muscles and the responses to electrical stimulation of the GON were tested every 10 min for the ®rst hour and then every 20 min. Electrical GON stimulation consisted of trains of 20 stimuli (0.5±1 Hz) starting at least 30 min prior to a ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... assessed using scripts, faces or films with emotional or non-emotional content. These provided control conditions and reports from participants — which ...
... assessed using scripts, faces or films with emotional or non-emotional content. These provided control conditions and reports from participants — which ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... start was ensured by using a different well for the beginning of each series combined with the fact that the beginning of the collection of sections from the vibratome varied from brain to brain. Damaged/lost sections, of which there were few, were accounted for by the Stereoinvestigator software. P ...
... start was ensured by using a different well for the beginning of each series combined with the fact that the beginning of the collection of sections from the vibratome varied from brain to brain. Damaged/lost sections, of which there were few, were accounted for by the Stereoinvestigator software. P ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – synchronization of endogenous circadian pacemaker to 24-h day requires that pacemaker be reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of su ...
... – if individual is completely isolated from environment, circadian cycle lengthens to ≈ 25 hrs. – synchronization of endogenous circadian pacemaker to 24-h day requires that pacemaker be reset each day (normally by exposure to environmental light-dark cycle). – properly timed exposure to light of su ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
... the results section “Neuronal activity is tuned to grating orientation, but not motion direction”). The TFT display (F510EK005, Reikotronic, Cologne, Germany, 10.4 LED backlit LCD, nominal maximal white luminance: 1000 cdm−2 ) with a frame rate of 60 Hz was used to present various motion or flicke ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... frequency and presented at the same onset time and for the same duration as the probe tone. Test frequencies ranging from 2 to ⱕ50 –70 kHz were presented when a contact with a neuron was first established, and frequency regions evoking decreases or increases in spikes relative to the probe alone wer ...
... frequency and presented at the same onset time and for the same duration as the probe tone. Test frequencies ranging from 2 to ⱕ50 –70 kHz were presented when a contact with a neuron was first established, and frequency regions evoking decreases or increases in spikes relative to the probe alone wer ...
Title
... A group of neurophysiologists from Parma have discovered mirror neurons – these neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those action ...
... A group of neurophysiologists from Parma have discovered mirror neurons – these neurons, first discovered in the F5 ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey, respond both when the monkey performs certain actions and when the monkey observes someone else (monkey or human) performing those action ...
Physiology of Ejaculation
... In humans, PET and fMRI studies showed strong activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (a known reward center), the subparafascicular nucleus, ventromedial posterior thalamic nucleus, intralaminar nuclei, and lateral central tegmental field specifically during ejaculation. Activation of the la ...
... In humans, PET and fMRI studies showed strong activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (a known reward center), the subparafascicular nucleus, ventromedial posterior thalamic nucleus, intralaminar nuclei, and lateral central tegmental field specifically during ejaculation. Activation of the la ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... actions we cannot perform) is arguing against a straw man interpretation of mirror neuron theory. Does it make sense to propose that a MNS can contribute to action understanding without being necessary ...
... actions we cannot perform) is arguing against a straw man interpretation of mirror neuron theory. Does it make sense to propose that a MNS can contribute to action understanding without being necessary ...
Reward-Related Responses in the Human Striatum
... experimental designs. For instance, although activation of the striatum was observed in a video game where rewards were present,33 it is difficult to assess what the signal is due to (i.e., anticipation, delivery, or even magnitude of rewards). Thus, it was imperative for new designs to isolate spec ...
... experimental designs. For instance, although activation of the striatum was observed in a video game where rewards were present,33 it is difficult to assess what the signal is due to (i.e., anticipation, delivery, or even magnitude of rewards). Thus, it was imperative for new designs to isolate spec ...
Cerebellum. - Department of Physiology
... by a group of cells in CN that connect reciprocally with an Output Population (OP) of neurons in another part of the brain. State transitions of the attractor network, eg. from relative quiescence to intense activity, can be initiated by one of the Diverse Inputs to the OP, under the regulatory infl ...
... by a group of cells in CN that connect reciprocally with an Output Population (OP) of neurons in another part of the brain. State transitions of the attractor network, eg. from relative quiescence to intense activity, can be initiated by one of the Diverse Inputs to the OP, under the regulatory infl ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62° height). It should be noted that this definition is some ...
... distance of 70·cm at a constant speed of 20·cm·s–1 (Fig.·1B). Thus, for the crab’s eye the stimulus had an apparent size subtending an angle of 4° at its stationary initial position and expanded until covering the entire screen (77° width, 62° height). It should be noted that this definition is some ...
Basal Ganglia - Adaptive Behaviour Research Group
... Simulation of asymmetric interconnectivity generated slow travelling waves of activity (where normal symmetric configurations produce stationary activity patterns), suggesting that a similar abnormal network dynamic may underlie the sudden involuntary movements seen in Huntington's patients. Apart f ...
... Simulation of asymmetric interconnectivity generated slow travelling waves of activity (where normal symmetric configurations produce stationary activity patterns), suggesting that a similar abnormal network dynamic may underlie the sudden involuntary movements seen in Huntington's patients. Apart f ...
NEURAL NETWORKS
... v.t. to put off to another time, to delay defer: L. deferre- de-, down, ferre, to bear v.i. to yield (to the wishes or opinions of another, or to authority), v.t. to submit or to or to lay before somebody differ: L. differre- dif.( for dis-), apart, ferre, to bear v.i. to be unlike, distinct or vari ...
... v.t. to put off to another time, to delay defer: L. deferre- de-, down, ferre, to bear v.i. to yield (to the wishes or opinions of another, or to authority), v.t. to submit or to or to lay before somebody differ: L. differre- dif.( for dis-), apart, ferre, to bear v.i. to be unlike, distinct or vari ...