Axons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in
... matter is often used to determine the function of a given cortical area or pathway. However, when it is used to elicit postsynaptic effects, the presynaptic neuronal elements activated by electrical stimulation have never been clearly identified: it could be the excitable dendrites, the cell body, t ...
... matter is often used to determine the function of a given cortical area or pathway. However, when it is used to elicit postsynaptic effects, the presynaptic neuronal elements activated by electrical stimulation have never been clearly identified: it could be the excitable dendrites, the cell body, t ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... It is thought that the habenula has evolved in close association with the pineal gland4, with which it has reciprocal connections5. The habenula also receives inputs from the limbic system and the basal ganglia, mainly through the stria medullaris6 (FIG. 1). The pineal gland, habenula and stria medu ...
... It is thought that the habenula has evolved in close association with the pineal gland4, with which it has reciprocal connections5. The habenula also receives inputs from the limbic system and the basal ganglia, mainly through the stria medullaris6 (FIG. 1). The pineal gland, habenula and stria medu ...
Selectivity and sparseness in the responses of striate complex cells
... Selectivity is defined here in terms of the probability distribution of responses of a single unit to a population of stimuli. Sparseness, on the other hand, is in some sense the converse of selectivity. Sparseness is determined by the distribution of responses of a population of units to a single st ...
... Selectivity is defined here in terms of the probability distribution of responses of a single unit to a population of stimuli. Sparseness, on the other hand, is in some sense the converse of selectivity. Sparseness is determined by the distribution of responses of a population of units to a single st ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... activity have examined RGC axon development at the target, neuronal activity is also important in the development of dendritic arbors within the retina. In one study, TTX was used to block action potentials in the eyes of kittens (Wong et al., 1991). RGCs in eyes deprived of neuronal activity showed ...
... activity have examined RGC axon development at the target, neuronal activity is also important in the development of dendritic arbors within the retina. In one study, TTX was used to block action potentials in the eyes of kittens (Wong et al., 1991). RGCs in eyes deprived of neuronal activity showed ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
... became evident from studies on learning and memory carried out after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later na ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... (Rhoades et al., 1993; Bennett-Clarke et al., 1994; Cases et al., 1996; Benton et al., 1997). Although studies at the cellular level have shown that developmental events such as neuronal proliferation (Lauder et al., 1981), synaptogenesis (Haydon et al., 1984; Chubakov et al., 1986), and neurite out ...
... (Rhoades et al., 1993; Bennett-Clarke et al., 1994; Cases et al., 1996; Benton et al., 1997). Although studies at the cellular level have shown that developmental events such as neuronal proliferation (Lauder et al., 1981), synaptogenesis (Haydon et al., 1984; Chubakov et al., 1986), and neurite out ...
View/Open
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
... Effect of Removing the Primary Visual Cortex Removal of the primary visual cortex in the human being causes loss of conscious vision, that is, blindness. However, psychological studies demonstrate that such “blind” people can still, at times, react subconsciously to changes in light intensity, to mo ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively ( ...
... meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively ( ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... to fit with the function using the least number of parameters, i.e., the monoexponential. Microsoft Excel was used to select individual mIPSCs of each cell with the following criteria: 1) peak amplitude should be larger than 10 pA; 2) rise time, taken as 10 to 90% of peak amplitude should be ⬍5 ms; ...
... to fit with the function using the least number of parameters, i.e., the monoexponential. Microsoft Excel was used to select individual mIPSCs of each cell with the following criteria: 1) peak amplitude should be larger than 10 pA; 2) rise time, taken as 10 to 90% of peak amplitude should be ⬍5 ms; ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 14. Dendrite is to axon as: a) send is to receive. Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer. b) send is to regulate. c) receive is to send. Correct. Dendrites are treelike parts of the neuron that are designed to receive messages. The axon sends messages to other neurons. d) receive is ...
... 14. Dendrite is to axon as: a) send is to receive. Incorrect. This is the opposite of the correct answer. b) send is to regulate. c) receive is to send. Correct. Dendrites are treelike parts of the neuron that are designed to receive messages. The axon sends messages to other neurons. d) receive is ...
Fine Gating Properties of Channels Responsible for Persistent
... a b s t r a c t The gating properties of channels responsible for the generation of persistent Na current (INaP) in entorhinal cortex layer II principal neurons were investigated by performing cell-attached, patch-clamp experiments in acutely isolated cells. Voltage-gated Na-channel activity was r ...
... a b s t r a c t The gating properties of channels responsible for the generation of persistent Na current (INaP) in entorhinal cortex layer II principal neurons were investigated by performing cell-attached, patch-clamp experiments in acutely isolated cells. Voltage-gated Na-channel activity was r ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) in pain perception has long been in dispute. Human ...
... Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) in pain perception has long been in dispute. Human ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
12 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... • 40% mass of brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
... • 40% mass of brain • Site of conscious mind: awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding ...
A scientific theory of ars memoriae: spatial view cells in a continuous
... the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and information originating in the parietal cortex about where it is. I note that although there is some spatial gradient in the CA3 recur ...
... the cerebral cortex to be formed. These might involve associations between information originating in the temporal visual cortex about the presence of an object, and information originating in the parietal cortex about where it is. I note that although there is some spatial gradient in the CA3 recur ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... The CPT is now cited as the most frequently used measure of attention in both practice and research. Across studies, results are consistent with models of sustained attention that involve the interaction of cortical (frontal, temporal, parietal), subcortical (limbic, basal ganglia), and functional s ...
... The CPT is now cited as the most frequently used measure of attention in both practice and research. Across studies, results are consistent with models of sustained attention that involve the interaction of cortical (frontal, temporal, parietal), subcortical (limbic, basal ganglia), and functional s ...
MUSHROOM BODY MEMOIR: FROM MAPS TO MODELS
... Box 1 | Genetic intervention in the brain Drosophila is unique in its arsenal of genetic tools for intervention in the brain. Although similar techniques are also available for the mouse, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and, with qualification, a few other organisms, in none of them is the versatili ...
... Box 1 | Genetic intervention in the brain Drosophila is unique in its arsenal of genetic tools for intervention in the brain. Although similar techniques are also available for the mouse, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans and, with qualification, a few other organisms, in none of them is the versatili ...
Basal Forebrain Projections to Somatosensory Cortex in
... sensory periphery in adult mammals including cats (Kalaska and Pomerantz 1979), raccoons (Rasmusson 1982; Rasmusson and Turnball 1983), rats (Wall and Cusick 1984), and monkeys (Merzenich et al. 1983). As in immature cat visual cortex, experience-dependent modifications of somatosensory cortex appea ...
... sensory periphery in adult mammals including cats (Kalaska and Pomerantz 1979), raccoons (Rasmusson 1982; Rasmusson and Turnball 1983), rats (Wall and Cusick 1984), and monkeys (Merzenich et al. 1983). As in immature cat visual cortex, experience-dependent modifications of somatosensory cortex appea ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... regions including the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). These neurons are involved in the regulation of PRL secretion. Three populations are identified to the rostro-caudal direction: 1. the periventriculo-hypophysial dopaminergic (PHDA), 2. the tubero-hypophyseal dopaminergic (THDA) and 3. the tu ...
... regions including the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). These neurons are involved in the regulation of PRL secretion. Three populations are identified to the rostro-caudal direction: 1. the periventriculo-hypophysial dopaminergic (PHDA), 2. the tubero-hypophyseal dopaminergic (THDA) and 3. the tu ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... (46) examined the terminal fields formed by regenerating axons and endings. These investigators reported marked differences in the regenerative capacities of the afferent and efferent arms of the vagus under the same surgical and maintenance conditions. It was demonstrated that, in the rat, vagal af ...
... (46) examined the terminal fields formed by regenerating axons and endings. These investigators reported marked differences in the regenerative capacities of the afferent and efferent arms of the vagus under the same surgical and maintenance conditions. It was demonstrated that, in the rat, vagal af ...
Nicotinic Receptors in Addiction Pathways
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...
... mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous nicotine self-administration is abolished by transgenic elimination of a4, a6, or b2 subunits and is restored by reexpression of these subunits in the VTA (Pons et al., 2008). In contrast, Exley et al. (2011) have shown that the a4 subunit, ...