Voyages in Development, Second Edition, Spencer A. Rathus
... – Connection networks become more complex ...
... – Connection networks become more complex ...
Ping-An Li, Ashfaq Shuaib, Hiro Miyashita, Qing
... prognosis. The mechanisms for the hyperglycemia-exacerbated damage are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia leads to enhanced accumulation of extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids and whether such increases correlate with the histo ...
... prognosis. The mechanisms for the hyperglycemia-exacerbated damage are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia leads to enhanced accumulation of extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids and whether such increases correlate with the histo ...
Differences in Control of Limb Dynamics During Dominant and
... direction changes were independent of elbow interaction torque impulse, indicating skillful coordination of muscle actions with intersegmental dynamics. In contrast, left hand path direction changes varied directly with elbow interaction torque impulse. These findings strongly suggest that distinct ...
... direction changes were independent of elbow interaction torque impulse, indicating skillful coordination of muscle actions with intersegmental dynamics. In contrast, left hand path direction changes varied directly with elbow interaction torque impulse. These findings strongly suggest that distinct ...
Localization of the MARCKS (87 kDa) Protein, A Major Specific
... of knowledge of the exact cellular localization of the protein, the functional and structural importance of these changeshas been difficult to ascertain. The present study examinesthe regional and subcellulardistribution of the MARCKS protein in rat brain by immunochemical and immunocytochemical met ...
... of knowledge of the exact cellular localization of the protein, the functional and structural importance of these changeshas been difficult to ascertain. The present study examinesthe regional and subcellulardistribution of the MARCKS protein in rat brain by immunochemical and immunocytochemical met ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... neurotransmitter in the nervous system, although other acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic current ...
... neurotransmitter in the nervous system, although other acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic current ...
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... networks (FFN) with back-propagation learning, radial basis functions (RBF), self-organization maps (SOM), cascade-correlation learning architecture (CCLA),9 support vector machines (SVM), and incremental hierarchical discriminant regression (IHDR).16 ,44 Much research already exists in the field of ...
... networks (FFN) with back-propagation learning, radial basis functions (RBF), self-organization maps (SOM), cascade-correlation learning architecture (CCLA),9 support vector machines (SVM), and incremental hierarchical discriminant regression (IHDR).16 ,44 Much research already exists in the field of ...
Effect of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity on Learning- Arc Efferent Neurons
... mRNA that did not overlap with the SYTOXstained nucleus (Guzowski et al., 1999). During this cellular analysis, Arc+ cells containing the blue/cy-5 PPE mRNA signal in and around the nucleus were classified as PPE-positive (PPE+). Arc+ cells that did not also contain blue/cy-5 staining were classifie ...
... mRNA that did not overlap with the SYTOXstained nucleus (Guzowski et al., 1999). During this cellular analysis, Arc+ cells containing the blue/cy-5 PPE mRNA signal in and around the nucleus were classified as PPE-positive (PPE+). Arc+ cells that did not also contain blue/cy-5 staining were classifie ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
Pallidal Origin of GABA Release within the Substantia Nigra Pars
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... Electric activity is known to have profound effects on growth cone morphology and neurite outgrowth, but the nature of the response varies strongly between neurons derived from different species or brain areas. To establish the role of electric activity in neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesi ...
... Electric activity is known to have profound effects on growth cone morphology and neurite outgrowth, but the nature of the response varies strongly between neurons derived from different species or brain areas. To establish the role of electric activity in neurite outgrowth and neuronal morphogenesi ...
Read Article - University of Northern Colorado
... emerges to account for the varying findings for the hippocampus. There are a variety of potentially confounding factors in autism research that challenge the scientific community that are not MRI specific, such as age, gender, IQ, and the inherent heterogeneity of the disorder separate from these ot ...
... emerges to account for the varying findings for the hippocampus. There are a variety of potentially confounding factors in autism research that challenge the scientific community that are not MRI specific, such as age, gender, IQ, and the inherent heterogeneity of the disorder separate from these ot ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postganglionic neurons whose axons extend to spinal or autonomic nerves to ...
... located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postganglionic neurons whose axons extend to spinal or autonomic nerves to ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... recording electrodes as local field potentials (LFPs), but their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assuming that synaptic currents have stationary placing we implemented independent component model for blind source separation of LFPs in the hippocampal CA1 region ...
... recording electrodes as local field potentials (LFPs), but their separation into original informative sources is an unresolved problem. Assuming that synaptic currents have stationary placing we implemented independent component model for blind source separation of LFPs in the hippocampal CA1 region ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
Neural crest stem cell
... maintaining the dye throughout the long period of embryogenesis, it was not possible to obtain a systematic lineage analysis of neural crest cell derivatives in mammals. The biological function of these CNC-derived cells has been studied in a variety of animal models and two possible theories have b ...
... maintaining the dye throughout the long period of embryogenesis, it was not possible to obtain a systematic lineage analysis of neural crest cell derivatives in mammals. The biological function of these CNC-derived cells has been studied in a variety of animal models and two possible theories have b ...
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to
... studies stated that, depending upon the stance conditions, muscle stretch does not necessarily result in a compensatory stretch reflex response but instead results in an antagonistic muscle activation (Gollhofer et al., 1989; Hansen et al., 1988). Based on this, it has been argued that reciprocal pa ...
... studies stated that, depending upon the stance conditions, muscle stretch does not necessarily result in a compensatory stretch reflex response but instead results in an antagonistic muscle activation (Gollhofer et al., 1989; Hansen et al., 1988). Based on this, it has been argued that reciprocal pa ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... orientations and recording the ‘intrinsic’ optical signals associated with metabolic or electrical activity in the superficial layers of the cortex. The intrinsic signals associated with the different orientation are then colorcoded and presented in a composite orientation map. The maps have orienta ...
... orientations and recording the ‘intrinsic’ optical signals associated with metabolic or electrical activity in the superficial layers of the cortex. The intrinsic signals associated with the different orientation are then colorcoded and presented in a composite orientation map. The maps have orienta ...
Neuroscience - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... image acquisition is done by the Neuronal Profiling BioApplication, which is an automated image analysis software module on the ArrayScan™ VTI HCS Reader. Using this technology and assay method, we could identify synaptic changes over time and measure synaptic and neurite parameters in an automated ...
... image acquisition is done by the Neuronal Profiling BioApplication, which is an automated image analysis software module on the ArrayScan™ VTI HCS Reader. Using this technology and assay method, we could identify synaptic changes over time and measure synaptic and neurite parameters in an automated ...
Simulation of myelinated neuron with focus on conduction speed
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... IIF between CMV and all the hybrid promoters by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. E/Ta1 promoter displayed higher intensity than CMV promoter in the neostriatum, whereas E/CaMKII and E/PDGF promoters exhibited lower intensities than CMV promoter in the thalamu ...
... IIF between CMV and all the hybrid promoters by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. E/Ta1 promoter displayed higher intensity than CMV promoter in the neostriatum, whereas E/CaMKII and E/PDGF promoters exhibited lower intensities than CMV promoter in the thalamu ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
... and synaptic plasticity Few studies have clarified the inputs to BLA GABAergic cells as well as their specialized roles within the network. The PV+ interneurons receive strong excitatory inputs from P-cells of BLA but weak inputs from the cerebral cortex [45] suggesting a main role in feedback inhib ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... tested. Importantly, circuit models have been tested in human subjects through the use of functional imaging and opioid antagonists. Pain is a subjective experience and only humans can give ‘direct’ reports about what they feel, so the ability to conduct relevant experiments in humans provides a rar ...
... tested. Importantly, circuit models have been tested in human subjects through the use of functional imaging and opioid antagonists. Pain is a subjective experience and only humans can give ‘direct’ reports about what they feel, so the ability to conduct relevant experiments in humans provides a rar ...
Author`s personal copy
... These observations have helped to establish two fundamental principles about the relationships between topographic organization, anatomical structure, and function in the brain. The first principle is that topographic maps represent their relevant sensory or motor dimensions continuously and complet ...
... These observations have helped to establish two fundamental principles about the relationships between topographic organization, anatomical structure, and function in the brain. The first principle is that topographic maps represent their relevant sensory or motor dimensions continuously and complet ...
Child Development by DeHart
... sickness are common during the first trimester. Intensity of symptoms varies from woman to woman. Second trimester often the most enjoyable for the mother. Quickening: The first fetal movements, usually felt by mother by end of the fourth month. Third trimester can be trying, as the increase in feta ...
... sickness are common during the first trimester. Intensity of symptoms varies from woman to woman. Second trimester often the most enjoyable for the mother. Quickening: The first fetal movements, usually felt by mother by end of the fourth month. Third trimester can be trying, as the increase in feta ...