Widespread brain activity during an abdominal task markedly
... the task prior to pain physiology education. Direct comparison between scans two and three corroborates that finding by demonstrating significantly more activity in these areas during performance of the abdominal task before pain physiology education than during performance of the same task after pa ...
... the task prior to pain physiology education. Direct comparison between scans two and three corroborates that finding by demonstrating significantly more activity in these areas during performance of the abdominal task before pain physiology education than during performance of the same task after pa ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
... that might modulate functions of the CNS matrix in the juvenile brain which displays high plasticity in comparison to the adult brain. HB-GAM/pleiotrophin was initially isolated as a heparin-binding neurite outgrowth-promoting factor for central neurons8,9. Its expression peaks during the first 3–4 ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... one part of the body to another. Besides their ability to conduct nerve impulses, neurons have some other special characteristics: 1. They have extreme longevity. Given good nutrition, neurons can function optimally for a lifetime (over 100 years). 2. They are amitotic. As neurons assume their roles ...
... one part of the body to another. Besides their ability to conduct nerve impulses, neurons have some other special characteristics: 1. They have extreme longevity. Given good nutrition, neurons can function optimally for a lifetime (over 100 years). 2. They are amitotic. As neurons assume their roles ...
Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex Multiplex
... central square disappeared and the monkey recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). D, Perforwas free to shift gaze to one of the peripheral mance of both monkeys on this task. Plot of average likelihood of choosing the optima ...
... central square disappeared and the monkey recording location can be found in the supplemental data (available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). D, Perforwas free to shift gaze to one of the peripheral mance of both monkeys on this task. Plot of average likelihood of choosing the optima ...
How humans distinguish between smells
... neurons where odorant receptors were identified were tested and found to recognize only one test odorant, but an average of four odorants per receptor was determined. Their research showed that both structure and functional group were important. Patterns were detected in the length of the odorant mo ...
... neurons where odorant receptors were identified were tested and found to recognize only one test odorant, but an average of four odorants per receptor was determined. Their research showed that both structure and functional group were important. Patterns were detected in the length of the odorant mo ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... voltage-dependent increase of the NMDA conductance. However, when we simulated the iontophoresis of AMPA by opening a constant 1.0 nS AMPA conductance, we observed a similar increase in firing rates. The maximum firing rate increased to 48 Hz, and the firing rate at C ⫽ 0.0 increased to 0.81 Hz. The ...
... voltage-dependent increase of the NMDA conductance. However, when we simulated the iontophoresis of AMPA by opening a constant 1.0 nS AMPA conductance, we observed a similar increase in firing rates. The maximum firing rate increased to 48 Hz, and the firing rate at C ⫽ 0.0 increased to 0.81 Hz. The ...
Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... Figure 1. Stimulus design and preprocessing. A, Sound-pressure wave of the calling song from a Ch. biguttulus male, characterized by a pronounced amplitude modulation of a broad-band carrier in the 5– 40 kHz range. The song itself is composed of many repetitions of a basic pattern, termed syllable, ...
... Figure 1. Stimulus design and preprocessing. A, Sound-pressure wave of the calling song from a Ch. biguttulus male, characterized by a pronounced amplitude modulation of a broad-band carrier in the 5– 40 kHz range. The song itself is composed of many repetitions of a basic pattern, termed syllable, ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide mainly synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary when physiological demands are increased. The major function of circulating AVP is to promote water retention and vasoconstrictio ...
... Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide mainly synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary when physiological demands are increased. The major function of circulating AVP is to promote water retention and vasoconstrictio ...
Does the sound of a barking dog activate its corresponding visual
... named novel and familiar items upon exposure to only one of their modality-specific semantic features. We segregated the three input modalities (i.e., visual form, environmental sound, and point light motion) into separate scanning runs. For example, in the visual form session participants named DOG ...
... named novel and familiar items upon exposure to only one of their modality-specific semantic features. We segregated the three input modalities (i.e., visual form, environmental sound, and point light motion) into separate scanning runs. For example, in the visual form session participants named DOG ...
Molecular and morphological analyses of basal forebrain
... morphogenetic, cell-to-cell and autocrine/paracrine signaling mechanisms (Dale et al., 1997; Sussel et al., 1999). As a result, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain differentiate and project their axon terminals to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex where they release acetylcholine to modulat ...
... morphogenetic, cell-to-cell and autocrine/paracrine signaling mechanisms (Dale et al., 1997; Sussel et al., 1999). As a result, cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain differentiate and project their axon terminals to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex where they release acetylcholine to modulat ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... specific penetration angles). We monitored the transition from the opercular surface to the roof of the calcarine sulcus by advancing the microelectrode in 200-m steps. We stopped advancing the microelectrode when the first transition from a central RF (typically ⬃5° eccentricity) to a peripheral R ...
... specific penetration angles). We monitored the transition from the opercular surface to the roof of the calcarine sulcus by advancing the microelectrode in 200-m steps. We stopped advancing the microelectrode when the first transition from a central RF (typically ⬃5° eccentricity) to a peripheral R ...
Slide 1
... * Berger was not the first to notice electrical activity through the skull; that occurred even earlier with the work of Richard Caton in 1875 who work with dogs and apes and possibly was recording spontaneous activity). Note that Caton’s work is even earlier than X-Rays discovery! © 2015. Dr. Felipe ...
... * Berger was not the first to notice electrical activity through the skull; that occurred even earlier with the work of Richard Caton in 1875 who work with dogs and apes and possibly was recording spontaneous activity). Note that Caton’s work is even earlier than X-Rays discovery! © 2015. Dr. Felipe ...
The Number of Cortical Neurons Used to See
... 10 participants took the required tests in the two tasks for this study. All participants were aged 16 to 17 years old. They and their parents gave informed written consent, as approved by the New York University review board. They all had 20/20 vision or altered to 20/20 vision and were fluent in E ...
... 10 participants took the required tests in the two tasks for this study. All participants were aged 16 to 17 years old. They and their parents gave informed written consent, as approved by the New York University review board. They all had 20/20 vision or altered to 20/20 vision and were fluent in E ...
article in press - Department of Physiology, Development and
... of stimuli used in the imaging experiment. In some forms, the carrier sinusoids were replaced with narrow bands of noise, making them more like whispered speech. In some, the envelopes of the carrier sinusoids were not modulated, producing different versions of ‘‘sinusoidal speech’’ (Remez et al., 1 ...
... of stimuli used in the imaging experiment. In some forms, the carrier sinusoids were replaced with narrow bands of noise, making them more like whispered speech. In some, the envelopes of the carrier sinusoids were not modulated, producing different versions of ‘‘sinusoidal speech’’ (Remez et al., 1 ...
Ventilatory disorders - Chirurgia toracica mini invasiva
... without obstructions of the upper airway (OSA). An association between OSA and stroke has been observed in numerous cross-sectional studies [13]; however, in most cases it was not possible to determine whether OSA preceded the onset of stroke and thus could be involved in pathogenesis. In acute phas ...
... without obstructions of the upper airway (OSA). An association between OSA and stroke has been observed in numerous cross-sectional studies [13]; however, in most cases it was not possible to determine whether OSA preceded the onset of stroke and thus could be involved in pathogenesis. In acute phas ...
NIH Public Access
... cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak-trough width, 0.31±0.12 vs. 0.44±0.09 ms, s.d.), indicating that the PV+ interneurons directly activated by laser were mostly fast-spiking cells11. The decreased spiking of other neu ...
... cells with increased firing exhibited narrower spike waveforms than those with decreased firing (Fig. 1c, inset; peak-trough width, 0.31±0.12 vs. 0.44±0.09 ms, s.d.), indicating that the PV+ interneurons directly activated by laser were mostly fast-spiking cells11. The decreased spiking of other neu ...
The Familial Dysautonomia disease gene, Ikbkap/Elp1, is required
... both white and gray matter microstructural damage in FD brains (Axelrod et al., 2010) and pathological studies revealed enlarged 4th ventricles associated with atrophy in the medulla (Engel and Aring, 1945, Cohen and Solomon, 1955, Brown et al., 1964). Most patients die due to sudden cardiac arrest ...
... both white and gray matter microstructural damage in FD brains (Axelrod et al., 2010) and pathological studies revealed enlarged 4th ventricles associated with atrophy in the medulla (Engel and Aring, 1945, Cohen and Solomon, 1955, Brown et al., 1964). Most patients die due to sudden cardiac arrest ...
Center-Surround Interactions in the Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... attached, and a blood pressure cuff placed around the arm. Core body temperature was monitored with a rectal temperature probe and maintained at 37.5°C by a thermostat-controlled heating pad. End-tidal pCO2 was continuously monitored and maintained within physiological limits during electrophysiolog ...
... attached, and a blood pressure cuff placed around the arm. Core body temperature was monitored with a rectal temperature probe and maintained at 37.5°C by a thermostat-controlled heating pad. End-tidal pCO2 was continuously monitored and maintained within physiological limits during electrophysiolog ...
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
... the University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and from the surrounding community through word-of-mouth. They were all right-handed as assessed by the Annett Handedness Questionnaire (Annett, 1970), and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The WASH-U-KSADS was als ...
... the University of Illinois at Chicago University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and from the surrounding community through word-of-mouth. They were all right-handed as assessed by the Annett Handedness Questionnaire (Annett, 1970), and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The WASH-U-KSADS was als ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... DBS is considered as a treatment option for medically refractive dystonias.1-‐7 DBS involves neurosurgical placement of electrodes in the Globus pallidus internus(GPi) of the basal ganglia, an ...
... DBS is considered as a treatment option for medically refractive dystonias.1-‐7 DBS involves neurosurgical placement of electrodes in the Globus pallidus internus(GPi) of the basal ganglia, an ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... Cholinergic agonists such as carbachol have been shown to enhance long-term potentiation within the dentate gyrus [65], region CA1 [66] and other cortical structures such as the piriform cortex [67], primary visual cortex [68], and somatosensory cortex [69]. Scopolamine may selectively impair learni ...
... Cholinergic agonists such as carbachol have been shown to enhance long-term potentiation within the dentate gyrus [65], region CA1 [66] and other cortical structures such as the piriform cortex [67], primary visual cortex [68], and somatosensory cortex [69]. Scopolamine may selectively impair learni ...
the functional properties of the light
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
Review Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
... However, the major reinforcement learning-based theoretical models of classical conditioning (crudely, prediction learning) are actually based on rules designed to explain instrumental conditioning (action learning). Extensive anatomical, pharmacological, and psychological data, particularly concern ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... For EEG recording, a stainless-steel screw was threaded into the bone Electrophysiology. Each animal was placed on its side in the stereotaxic above the occipital cortex (6 mm posterior from the bregma, 3.5 mm frame. The skin covering the frontal bone was opened, the masseter lateral from the midlin ...
... For EEG recording, a stainless-steel screw was threaded into the bone Electrophysiology. Each animal was placed on its side in the stereotaxic above the occipital cortex (6 mm posterior from the bregma, 3.5 mm frame. The skin covering the frontal bone was opened, the masseter lateral from the midlin ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...
... they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the other hand, if these regions contain neurons with larger, less position-specific RFs, this may indicate that they encode information about more global visual features that are truly uniq ...