Acetylcholine and appetitive behavior 1
... nigra (e.g., Heimer, Zahm, Churchill, Kalivas, & Wohltmann, 1991; Nauta & Domesick, 1984), regions that subsequently modulate motor output. Pharmacological blockade of either glutamatergic or dopaminergic receptors within the nucleus accumbens has been shown to impair appetitive learning (Kelley, Sm ...
... nigra (e.g., Heimer, Zahm, Churchill, Kalivas, & Wohltmann, 1991; Nauta & Domesick, 1984), regions that subsequently modulate motor output. Pharmacological blockade of either glutamatergic or dopaminergic receptors within the nucleus accumbens has been shown to impair appetitive learning (Kelley, Sm ...
PDF
... It is clear that “hearing” involves more than simply the transduction of vibrations in air. At a most basic level, we must detect sounds. Once a sound is detected, several processes are immediately initiated. There is a need to localize the sound source. This task requires the two ears and knowledge ...
... It is clear that “hearing” involves more than simply the transduction of vibrations in air. At a most basic level, we must detect sounds. Once a sound is detected, several processes are immediately initiated. There is a need to localize the sound source. This task requires the two ears and knowledge ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has ope ...
... been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has ope ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
... intraperitoneal injection, 10 LD5o ml-l (250 pg ml-l) of toxin was used; 0.5 mI of the mixtures was injected and the mice were observed for 6 d. For intravenous injection, 2 x lo5 LDS0ml-l (5 pg ml-l) was used, and 0.1 ml of the mixtures was injected. The average time to death and the percentage of ...
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
... We estimated brain regions whose damages are responsible for the deterioration in abstract reasoning ability measured by Ravenfs colored progressive matrices (CPM) in 37 patients with Alzheimerfs disease (AD) (n=19) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=18) using VBM with non-linear registration ...
... We estimated brain regions whose damages are responsible for the deterioration in abstract reasoning ability measured by Ravenfs colored progressive matrices (CPM) in 37 patients with Alzheimerfs disease (AD) (n=19) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=18) using VBM with non-linear registration ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic behavior of BDNF-containing vesicles was analyzed by live cell imaging. (a) Representative picture of a hippocampal neuron transfected with BDNF-mCherry. (b) Boxed area from (a) at higher magnification and at different time points of time-lapse recording. Red ...
... fluorescently labeled BDNF. The dynamic behavior of BDNF-containing vesicles was analyzed by live cell imaging. (a) Representative picture of a hippocampal neuron transfected with BDNF-mCherry. (b) Boxed area from (a) at higher magnification and at different time points of time-lapse recording. Red ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
... There are 21 segmentally homologous midbody ganglia, numbered M1–M21. The anterior brain (inset) consists of a supraesophageal ganglion (sup.) that is part of the prostomium, plus a subesophageal ganglion (sub.), which forms from the coalescence of the four most anterior embryonic ganglia that are v ...
... There are 21 segmentally homologous midbody ganglia, numbered M1–M21. The anterior brain (inset) consists of a supraesophageal ganglion (sup.) that is part of the prostomium, plus a subesophageal ganglion (sub.), which forms from the coalescence of the four most anterior embryonic ganglia that are v ...
New Concepts of the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Gonadotropin
... LHRH decapeptide is released from neurovascular terminals in the median eminence and conveyed via the hypophysial portal vasculature to the anterior pituitary gland, where it binds to receptors on gonadotrophs and stimulates synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH. The LHRH release process is almost i ...
... LHRH decapeptide is released from neurovascular terminals in the median eminence and conveyed via the hypophysial portal vasculature to the anterior pituitary gland, where it binds to receptors on gonadotrophs and stimulates synthesis and secretion of LH and FSH. The LHRH release process is almost i ...
Can Oxytocin function as an antidepressant?
... memory, high irritability, which are signs of high stress. Also they show social behavioral patterns less associated to HPA axis activity, such as decreasing social interest and a tendency towards social isolation, which might be a secondary effect of HPA axis activity in combination with other regu ...
... memory, high irritability, which are signs of high stress. Also they show social behavioral patterns less associated to HPA axis activity, such as decreasing social interest and a tendency towards social isolation, which might be a secondary effect of HPA axis activity in combination with other regu ...
Vigneau et al.
... temporal lobes—were assigned the leading roles in language production and comprehension, respectively (Geschwind, 1970). In the 1980s, the advent of non-invasive functional brain imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), shifted ...
... temporal lobes—were assigned the leading roles in language production and comprehension, respectively (Geschwind, 1970). In the 1980s, the advent of non-invasive functional brain imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), shifted ...
The Neuroscientist
... our brain interprets their periodicity as the perceptual quality of pitch. Pitch has been defined as “that attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch c ...
... our brain interprets their periodicity as the perceptual quality of pitch. Pitch has been defined as “that attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch c ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbations that occur with each step. One remarkable property of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is their short late ...
... collaboration of vestibular and visually mediated mechanisms. Vestibulo-ocular reflexes operate during locomotion, generating compensatory eye movements to counteract high-frequency head perturbations that occur with each step. One remarkable property of vestibulo-ocular reflexes is their short late ...
PDF
... completing the training paradigm, we tested the cats using three experiments. Experiment 1 was a 100-trial session including 50 ICMS-absent trials and 10 trials each of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µA pulse amplitude. This experiment was designed to test the cats’ performance in ICMS detection at differe ...
... completing the training paradigm, we tested the cats using three experiments. Experiment 1 was a 100-trial session including 50 ICMS-absent trials and 10 trials each of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µA pulse amplitude. This experiment was designed to test the cats’ performance in ICMS detection at differe ...
Synapse formation in developing neural circuits.
... Most of the subsequent synaptic studies in the nineteenth century and earlier half of the twentieth century also focused around the functionality of synapses, or synaptic transmission. It is therefore befitting that the actual term ‘‘synapse’’ was not coined by a neuroanatomist, but by a physiologis ...
... Most of the subsequent synaptic studies in the nineteenth century and earlier half of the twentieth century also focused around the functionality of synapses, or synaptic transmission. It is therefore befitting that the actual term ‘‘synapse’’ was not coined by a neuroanatomist, but by a physiologis ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... weak or no response when the same action, previously recorded, was shown on the screen. A similar observation was reported by Hari and coworkers in human subjects (Jarvelainen et al., 2001). These authors found that brain activation as recorded by MEG was higher when subjects observed hand actions m ...
... weak or no response when the same action, previously recorded, was shown on the screen. A similar observation was reported by Hari and coworkers in human subjects (Jarvelainen et al., 2001). These authors found that brain activation as recorded by MEG was higher when subjects observed hand actions m ...
Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics
... stated that the dependence of their action on steroids was the first reported common property exhibited by the nootropics. With this background and the many different structures in mind we have chosen to treat each compound separately, even though this means that some repetition in the following com ...
... stated that the dependence of their action on steroids was the first reported common property exhibited by the nootropics. With this background and the many different structures in mind we have chosen to treat each compound separately, even though this means that some repetition in the following com ...
For Peer Review - diss.fu
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
... modulation of ascending monoamine systems in response to afferents from limbic regions and basal ganglia. The LHb is implicated in various biological functions, such as reward, sleepwake cycle, feeding, pain processing and memory formation. The modulatory role of the LHb is partly assumed by putativ ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... include different stimulus contrasts, hand- versus computer mapping, single small flashed bars or grating stimuli presented at different locations or expanded in size (Fig. 4). One reason for these differences is that certain techniques do not reveal the full spatial extent of visual sensitivity. Fo ...
... include different stimulus contrasts, hand- versus computer mapping, single small flashed bars or grating stimuli presented at different locations or expanded in size (Fig. 4). One reason for these differences is that certain techniques do not reveal the full spatial extent of visual sensitivity. Fo ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... nervous system nuclei is usually based on cytoarchitecture, rather than on fiber architecture, although the patterns of connections of a nucleus are obviously important. A major problem is that it is unclear to what extent the calbindin-positive axons in this case terminate in the proposed nucleus a ...
... nervous system nuclei is usually based on cytoarchitecture, rather than on fiber architecture, although the patterns of connections of a nucleus are obviously important. A major problem is that it is unclear to what extent the calbindin-positive axons in this case terminate in the proposed nucleus a ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
... Liu, Zheng and Barry J. Richmond. Response differences in monkey TE and perirhinal cortex: stimulus association related to reward schedules. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 1677–1692, 2000. Anatomic and behavioral evidence shows that TE and perirhinal cortices are two directly connected but distinct inferior t ...
Linking Topography to Tonotopy in the Mouse Auditory
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
... passing 0.8 !A of current for 12 s at one or two points of interest along the lateral-to-medial penetration (e.g., the lateral or medial extremes of tone-driven recording sites or reversals in frequency tuning). Analysis of individual FRAs. We performed two traditional measurements of preferred freq ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
Nervous System Pt 3
... Sulci – shallow grooves Fissures – deep grooves, separate larger regions of the brain ...
... Sulci – shallow grooves Fissures – deep grooves, separate larger regions of the brain ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...