Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating
... first synapse with the NTS second-order neurons that are required for full expression of the pulmonary C fiber reflex (26) and bronchoconstrictive airway reflex responses (94). In the NTS, the afferent vagal terminals responsible for transmitting information from the airway bronchoconstrictive recep ...
... first synapse with the NTS second-order neurons that are required for full expression of the pulmonary C fiber reflex (26) and bronchoconstrictive airway reflex responses (94). In the NTS, the afferent vagal terminals responsible for transmitting information from the airway bronchoconstrictive recep ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... 1990). In the present study, we provisionally accepted the principle as correct and asked whether it could be used to deduce new information about cortical function. The principle that functions are arranged to optimize spatial continuity provides a quantitative relationship between function and top ...
... 1990). In the present study, we provisionally accepted the principle as correct and asked whether it could be used to deduce new information about cortical function. The principle that functions are arranged to optimize spatial continuity provides a quantitative relationship between function and top ...
Synaptic Targets of Medial Septal Projections in the Hippocampus
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
... Temporal coordination of neuronal assemblies among cortical areas is essential for behavioral performance. GABAergic projections from the medial septum and diagonal band complex exclusively innervate GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus, contributing to the coordination of neuronal activity ...
Module 2
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The history of areas V6 and V6A, like that of area PO, also reflects a process of refinement whereby large areas become subdivided into smaller ones. The term “V6” was first introduced by Zeki (1986) to describe a visual cortical region delimited by strong callosal connections, which occupied almost ...
... The history of areas V6 and V6A, like that of area PO, also reflects a process of refinement whereby large areas become subdivided into smaller ones. The term “V6” was first introduced by Zeki (1986) to describe a visual cortical region delimited by strong callosal connections, which occupied almost ...
The role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... I would also like to thank the people who have encouraged me to work in research. In particular, I acknowledge the researchers who hosted a very young, very inexperienced and very useless rst-year high school student in the Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée of Joseph Fourier U ...
... I would also like to thank the people who have encouraged me to work in research. In particular, I acknowledge the researchers who hosted a very young, very inexperienced and very useless rst-year high school student in the Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée of Joseph Fourier U ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
Organization of the Macaque Extrastriate Visual Cortex Re
... 1990). In the present study, we provisionally accepted the principle as correct and asked whether it could be used to deduce new information about cortical function. The principle that functions are arranged to optimize spatial continuity provides a quantitative relationship between function and top ...
... 1990). In the present study, we provisionally accepted the principle as correct and asked whether it could be used to deduce new information about cortical function. The principle that functions are arranged to optimize spatial continuity provides a quantitative relationship between function and top ...
MOTION DETECTION MECHANISMS
... position over time. An animal that can detect moving predators, prey, and mates, has a clear survival advantage and this evolutionary pressure has presumably led to the development of neural mechanisms sensitive to motion. However, the combined effect of evolutionary circumstance, conflicting demand ...
... position over time. An animal that can detect moving predators, prey, and mates, has a clear survival advantage and this evolutionary pressure has presumably led to the development of neural mechanisms sensitive to motion. However, the combined effect of evolutionary circumstance, conflicting demand ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: a. Evolution 6. Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following human behaviors illustrate this concept? a. driving a car b. sending astronauts to the moon ...
... Answer: a. Evolution 6. Behavior consistently found in a species is likely to have a genetic basis that evolved because the behavior has been adaptive. Which of the following human behaviors illustrate this concept? a. driving a car b. sending astronauts to the moon ...
THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... The reticular activating system (RAS; Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949) is located in the brainstem and projects diffusely to the anterior brain. The tonic activity of neurons of the RAS maintains the waking state and is reinforced by sensory inputs. The PPN contributes to this system by its cholinergic pro ...
... The reticular activating system (RAS; Moruzzi and Magoun, 1949) is located in the brainstem and projects diffusely to the anterior brain. The tonic activity of neurons of the RAS maintains the waking state and is reinforced by sensory inputs. The PPN contributes to this system by its cholinergic pro ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
... Our analysis of 1615 connections, including 36% that we consider to be NFP, reveals a high density of cortico-cortical connectivity (66%) and an unexpectedly high incidence (33%) of potentially unidirectional pathways, of which one-third (10% of the total) were shown to originate from corresponding ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during which the hardened larval cuticle of the puparium is loosened from the underlying pupal cuticle through slow anteriorly directed movements of the body. This phase is followed by ecdysis proper, during which ...
... of behavioral subroutines, which starts with the preparatory behavior of pre-ecdysis, during which the hardened larval cuticle of the puparium is loosened from the underlying pupal cuticle through slow anteriorly directed movements of the body. This phase is followed by ecdysis proper, during which ...
Lecture 016, CNS1 - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... circuits can be diverging, they can be converging or reverberating. These are the different ways that we talk about certain kinds of circuits. So for instance diverging circuits means that there’s going to be one neuron that’s going to share information with a number of other neurons, distally to t ...
... circuits can be diverging, they can be converging or reverberating. These are the different ways that we talk about certain kinds of circuits. So for instance diverging circuits means that there’s going to be one neuron that’s going to share information with a number of other neurons, distally to t ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... sessions they sat in a primate chair with their head held stationary. Eye position was obtained from a search coil implanted in one eye. To enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of electrode penetrations and subsequent injections, a plastic grid with 1-mm spacing between adjacent holes (Crist Ins ...
... sessions they sat in a primate chair with their head held stationary. Eye position was obtained from a search coil implanted in one eye. To enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of electrode penetrations and subsequent injections, a plastic grid with 1-mm spacing between adjacent holes (Crist Ins ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... The in situ perfused preparation of the juvenile rat was used. This preparation has the significant advantage over in vitro mammalian preparations in that cranial and spinal nerves have distinctly different discharge patterns, which are similar to those during eupnea, apneusis, and gasping in vivo ( ...
... The in situ perfused preparation of the juvenile rat was used. This preparation has the significant advantage over in vitro mammalian preparations in that cranial and spinal nerves have distinctly different discharge patterns, which are similar to those during eupnea, apneusis, and gasping in vivo ( ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
... the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of PTSS, specifically as they relate to learning from previous experience. Animal research has shown that one potential mechanism of damage to the hippocampus is through corticosterone, the animal analog to cortisol in humans, which can be neurotoxic if secreted ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... neurons in awake, behaving primates. He had convincingly demonstrated that the firing rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and v ...
... neurons in awake, behaving primates. He had convincingly demonstrated that the firing rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and v ...