Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... the archetypal feedforward processing whereby a sensory stimulus generates a spiking response in its dedicated sensory cortex. This makes it more challenging to realize a functional and computational description, moreover, one which is integrated with biological constraints that we also do not yet f ...
... the archetypal feedforward processing whereby a sensory stimulus generates a spiking response in its dedicated sensory cortex. This makes it more challenging to realize a functional and computational description, moreover, one which is integrated with biological constraints that we also do not yet f ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... among those that showed a nucleus were selected at random by the experimenter. Typically, this number amounted to 70 – 80% of the total number of neurons that met our criterion in any given field. This allowed obtaining a random sample of neurons distributed over the IC slice. Neuronal somata were ou ...
... among those that showed a nucleus were selected at random by the experimenter. Typically, this number amounted to 70 – 80% of the total number of neurons that met our criterion in any given field. This allowed obtaining a random sample of neurons distributed over the IC slice. Neuronal somata were ou ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... facilitation of pain might in some cases help the healing process by promoting immobilization and protection of the injured region (McNally, 1999). However, a prolonged decrease of pain inhibition or increase of pain facilitation may not serve any useful purpose, but they just cause unnecessary suff ...
... facilitation of pain might in some cases help the healing process by promoting immobilization and protection of the injured region (McNally, 1999). However, a prolonged decrease of pain inhibition or increase of pain facilitation may not serve any useful purpose, but they just cause unnecessary suff ...
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
... cells of dorsal and ventral tiers. Scale = 100 m. The cells and processes of the dorsal tier indicated by the box are shown magnified in C) revealing the horizontal arrangement of their dendritic processes. Scale = 50 m. VT, ventral tier; DT, dorsal tier. ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... 1-way analysis of variance ŽANOVA. for independent samples. Each brain region was analyzed separately. For experiments using synaptoneurosome preparations, differences between groups were determined using a 2-way ANOVA, with GABA as one between-groups variable, and KCl concentration as the second. G ...
... 1-way analysis of variance ŽANOVA. for independent samples. Each brain region was analyzed separately. For experiments using synaptoneurosome preparations, differences between groups were determined using a 2-way ANOVA, with GABA as one between-groups variable, and KCl concentration as the second. G ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
... hippocampus, neurons which responded with both fast nicotinic alpha-7 receptor responses and slow non-alpha-7 responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (Mc ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
... burst neurons in the PPRF. When this inhibition is released, burst neurons generate the pulse of activity required by oculomotoneurons to drive the eye to a new location at high velocity (Luschei and Fuchs 1972; Keller 1974 ). Oculomotor inputs to the cerebellum are used to monitor and regulate sacc ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... required to perform certain actions during specific time windows. Thyroid hormone deficiency, even of short duration may lead to irreversible brain damage, the consequences of which depend not only on the severity, but also on the specific timing of onset and duration of the deficiency (4-8). The ra ...
... required to perform certain actions during specific time windows. Thyroid hormone deficiency, even of short duration may lead to irreversible brain damage, the consequences of which depend not only on the severity, but also on the specific timing of onset and duration of the deficiency (4-8). The ra ...
Insulin Treatment Prevents Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury
... model is neuroprotective. Primary human microglia and neurons were used for the ex vivo studies. An established FIV model of HAND was used for the in vivo studies. All breeders were outbred and five independent litters from different breeding animals were used for the in vivo studies to eliminate an ...
... model is neuroprotective. Primary human microglia and neurons were used for the ex vivo studies. An established FIV model of HAND was used for the in vivo studies. All breeders were outbred and five independent litters from different breeding animals were used for the in vivo studies to eliminate an ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... splicing is important since imbalance in the ration 3R to 4R has been shown to lead to certain forms of tauopathies, and because hyperphosphorylation can induce aggregation in vitro, and is thought to induce aggregates formation in the brain. In this study we used both primary cultures and develo ...
... splicing is important since imbalance in the ration 3R to 4R has been shown to lead to certain forms of tauopathies, and because hyperphosphorylation can induce aggregation in vitro, and is thought to induce aggregates formation in the brain. In this study we used both primary cultures and develo ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... that alternated between inhibitory and facilitatory ERF properties. In total, twenty electrode penetrations were performed, among which six were relatively normal to the cortical surface (see Figures 3D and 3E). In these normal penetrations, the distribution of neuron groups with alternating inhibit ...
... that alternated between inhibitory and facilitatory ERF properties. In total, twenty electrode penetrations were performed, among which six were relatively normal to the cortical surface (see Figures 3D and 3E). In these normal penetrations, the distribution of neuron groups with alternating inhibit ...
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates
... Although the DMFC and FEF are both active during the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, the FEF is more dedicated to these functions. Lesions of DMFC minimally affect the production of most types of saccadic eye movements and have no effect on the execution of smooth pursuit eye ...
... Although the DMFC and FEF are both active during the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, the FEF is more dedicated to these functions. Lesions of DMFC minimally affect the production of most types of saccadic eye movements and have no effect on the execution of smooth pursuit eye ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... or latitudes, has a worldwide distribution. Ever since Thomas Hunt Morgan used D. melanogaster for his studies of heredity in the early 1900s, this seemingly inconspicuous Dipteran has been at the forefront of biological research. There are several reasons for why D. melanogaster has achieved this p ...
... or latitudes, has a worldwide distribution. Ever since Thomas Hunt Morgan used D. melanogaster for his studies of heredity in the early 1900s, this seemingly inconspicuous Dipteran has been at the forefront of biological research. There are several reasons for why D. melanogaster has achieved this p ...
Sensory Pathways and Emotional Context for Action
... Helen Barbas, Basilis Zikopoulos, and Clare Timbie Connections of the primate prefrontal cortex are associated with action. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex, there are preferential targets of projections from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices associated with directing attention to rel ...
... Helen Barbas, Basilis Zikopoulos, and Clare Timbie Connections of the primate prefrontal cortex are associated with action. Within the lateral prefrontal cortex, there are preferential targets of projections from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices associated with directing attention to rel ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
... olive. In the first chapter, I report on the first direct patch-‐clamp recordings from olivary axons, and show that they fire in short bursts that can relay information about the state of ...
Volatile Solvents as Drugs of Abuse: Focus on the Cortico
... become aware that solvents were euphorigenic and could possibly produce psychological dependency (Glaser and Massengale, 1962). It is now widely accepted that volatile solvents are a distinct class of abused drugs, and chronic solvent use can lead to a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence), a ...
... become aware that solvents were euphorigenic and could possibly produce psychological dependency (Glaser and Massengale, 1962). It is now widely accepted that volatile solvents are a distinct class of abused drugs, and chronic solvent use can lead to a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence), a ...
Neurocircuitry of Addiction
... Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1) compulsion to seek and take the drug, (2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) reflecting a motivational withdrawal syndrome whe ...
... Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder that has been characterized by (1) compulsion to seek and take the drug, (2) loss of control in limiting intake, and (3) emergence of a negative emotional state (eg, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) reflecting a motivational withdrawal syndrome whe ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... emotion regulation relies upon the PFC [19, 20, 23-25], and that anxiety disorders may be linked to insufficient regulatory control from the PFC. Further, PFC dysregulation is associated with increased amygdala reactivity [26-31] and an exaggerated emotional response to threats [11, 32, 33]. For exa ...
... emotion regulation relies upon the PFC [19, 20, 23-25], and that anxiety disorders may be linked to insufficient regulatory control from the PFC. Further, PFC dysregulation is associated with increased amygdala reactivity [26-31] and an exaggerated emotional response to threats [11, 32, 33]. For exa ...
Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... in emotional communication. These findings suggest diversity in inhibitory control by distinct prefrontal pathways. Keywords: auditory association cortex, calbindin, inhibitory neurons, laminar connections, parvalbumin Introduction At any one time large arrays of stimuli impinge on our senses, yet w ...
... in emotional communication. These findings suggest diversity in inhibitory control by distinct prefrontal pathways. Keywords: auditory association cortex, calbindin, inhibitory neurons, laminar connections, parvalbumin Introduction At any one time large arrays of stimuli impinge on our senses, yet w ...
cerebellar projections to the superior colliculus in the cat1
... in the ipsilateral fastigius nucleus were situated preferentially in medial sectors of the nucleus (Figs. 1 and 5F). The injections placed in the rostral part of the superior colliculus gave rise to the greatest number of labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. The injections placed rostrally and ...
... in the ipsilateral fastigius nucleus were situated preferentially in medial sectors of the nucleus (Figs. 1 and 5F). The injections placed in the rostral part of the superior colliculus gave rise to the greatest number of labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. The injections placed rostrally and ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 2012). The survival time was as short as possible, that is, 51–54 h, to avoid possible effects of viral infection on the axonal morphology of the infected neurons. Fifty-five hemispheres containing only one palGFP- or pal-mRFP-labeled neuro ...
... brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 2012). The survival time was as short as possible, that is, 51–54 h, to avoid possible effects of viral infection on the axonal morphology of the infected neurons. Fifty-five hemispheres containing only one palGFP- or pal-mRFP-labeled neuro ...