Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
The Central Nervous System
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... Anatomically, descending or efferent connections in active inference should be of the modulatory backward-type. Conversely, conventional motor control schemes would predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type asc ...
... Anatomically, descending or efferent connections in active inference should be of the modulatory backward-type. Conversely, conventional motor control schemes would predict that descending motor command signals should be of the driving forward-type. In the third section, we describe forward-type asc ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the upper brainstem and has an irregular shape delimited by the borders of its population of cholinergic neurons. The PPN has been conserved in evolution across species and is present in early mammals and amphibians (Marin et al., 1998; Grillner et al ...
... The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the upper brainstem and has an irregular shape delimited by the borders of its population of cholinergic neurons. The PPN has been conserved in evolution across species and is present in early mammals and amphibians (Marin et al., 1998; Grillner et al ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit: interpretations
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
... is due to a mirror mechanism, it is equally possible that it reflects motor preparation. In support of this interpretation are single-neuron data from monkeys showing that these areas are involved in covert motor preparation22–23. As for the superior parietal lobule, although its activation is typic ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... more serious because it may remain unsolved for many years to come until physiologists find direct methods to attack it. Neuronal function was clarified by the phenomena of conduction ... But how can the physiology of glia be clarified if they cannot be manipulated?’’ Even today, Cajal’s dilemma ref ...
... more serious because it may remain unsolved for many years to come until physiologists find direct methods to attack it. Neuronal function was clarified by the phenomena of conduction ... But how can the physiology of glia be clarified if they cannot be manipulated?’’ Even today, Cajal’s dilemma ref ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... Extracellular recordings were made from ventral roots in the rostral pool with glass suction electrodes. Intracellular recordings were also made from motor neurons or unidentified gray matter neurons in the rostral pool with thin-walled glass micropipettes filled with 4 M K acetate and with resistan ...
... Extracellular recordings were made from ventral roots in the rostral pool with glass suction electrodes. Intracellular recordings were also made from motor neurons or unidentified gray matter neurons in the rostral pool with thin-walled glass micropipettes filled with 4 M K acetate and with resistan ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... most rostral sections of a similar series through the hippocampal formation. The number of positive neurons was determined under a 253 objective, counting only neurons with a clearly identifiable nucleus. This value was expressed as the number of detectable neurons per section and corrected by the m ...
... most rostral sections of a similar series through the hippocampal formation. The number of positive neurons was determined under a 253 objective, counting only neurons with a clearly identifiable nucleus. This value was expressed as the number of detectable neurons per section and corrected by the m ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
... We recorded single-unit activities from the anterior part of the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (area AIP) and its surrounding areas. We recorded activities of 182 hand-manipulation-related neurons from seven hemispheres of four monkeys. We classified these neurons into three classes accor ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... et al, 2009), DMN hyperactivation during emotional tasks (Sheline et al, 2009), DMN hyperconnectivity at rest in MDD (Lemogne et al, 2009), and increased task-related connectivity (Schlosser et al, 2008; Vasic et al, 2009) and decreased task-related activation (Davidson et al, 2002; Panksepp, 2010) ...
... et al, 2009), DMN hyperactivation during emotional tasks (Sheline et al, 2009), DMN hyperconnectivity at rest in MDD (Lemogne et al, 2009), and increased task-related connectivity (Schlosser et al, 2008; Vasic et al, 2009) and decreased task-related activation (Davidson et al, 2002; Panksepp, 2010) ...
FREE Sample Here
... 14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold, a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. ...
... 14) When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold, a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Topic: How Are Genes and Behavior Linked? Skill: Conceptual Objective: 2.1 Answer: d. language 7. Darwin's theory of ________ argues that evolution favors those organisms that are best adapted to their environment. a. encephalization b. bipedalism Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks ...
... Topic: How Are Genes and Behavior Linked? Skill: Conceptual Objective: 2.1 Answer: d. language 7. Darwin's theory of ________ argues that evolution favors those organisms that are best adapted to their environment. a. encephalization b. bipedalism Incorrect. This term refers to an animal that walks ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
Migration and Differentiation of Neural Crest
... described above, except that shorter pieces of the trunk were used (the last 5 somites and the segmental plate). Neural tubes were cultured on plastic or on collagen. Twenty or 36 hr after culturing the neural tubes, explants were removed (see above), leaving neural tube outgrowths that were culture ...
... described above, except that shorter pieces of the trunk were used (the last 5 somites and the segmental plate). Neural tubes were cultured on plastic or on collagen. Twenty or 36 hr after culturing the neural tubes, explants were removed (see above), leaving neural tube outgrowths that were culture ...
A Master Key to Assess Stroke Consequences Across Species: The
... affecting physiological, sensori-motor, and/or cognitive functions. In experimental studies, it is possible to induce different models of stroke and to assess with many different ways their consequences. However, given the extraordinary spontaneous recovery displayed by animals, especially rodents, ...
... affecting physiological, sensori-motor, and/or cognitive functions. In experimental studies, it is possible to induce different models of stroke and to assess with many different ways their consequences. However, given the extraordinary spontaneous recovery displayed by animals, especially rodents, ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
... The contribution of the cerebellum to the modulation of cognition and emotion is facilitated by the connections between the cerebellum and brain structures known to be associated with a wide array of non-motor behaviors. The cerebellum has interconnections with brainstem and thalamic reticular syste ...
Chapter 8: The Nervous System
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
... 49. Describe how the spinal cord acts as a reflex center and a relay center. Ans: The gray matter of the spinal cord contains the sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons involved in spinal reflexes. The white matter of the spinal cord contains nerve tracts composed of nerve fibers carrying ...
THE CINGULATE CORTEX AND HUMAN MEMORY PROCESSES
... Far less is known about the posterior cingulate cortex. According to the PubMed data base, there are almost six times fewer references to it in published works than there are to the anterior cingulate cortex. It is known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are r ...
... Far less is known about the posterior cingulate cortex. According to the PubMed data base, there are almost six times fewer references to it in published works than there are to the anterior cingulate cortex. It is known that the posterior cingulate cortex activates in healthy humans when they are r ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
... cortex (Palmer et al., 1978) and of areas 20 and 21 (Heath and Jones, 1971; Tusa and Palmer, 1980). This is unfortunate since, in behavioral experiments, Berlucchi et al. (1979) showed that the callosal connections of the cat’s suprasylvian cortex (including the lateral suprasylvian visual areas and ...
View/Open - DukeSpace
... have been the salient questions driving SEF research in the past decade. The mystery is whether the SEF does something important even if it is unconcerned with the details of making individual movements. From the first studies of Schlag and Schlag-Rey it was recognized that the SEF might play a spec ...
... have been the salient questions driving SEF research in the past decade. The mystery is whether the SEF does something important even if it is unconcerned with the details of making individual movements. From the first studies of Schlag and Schlag-Rey it was recognized that the SEF might play a spec ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed by a particular cortical location. For example, Jackson (1873) noted that although a single part of the body ...
... researchers also reported on many complex features of primary motor cortex organization, such as overlapping functional codes of different movements and dynamic changes of function performed by a particular cortical location. For example, Jackson (1873) noted that although a single part of the body ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...
... a) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons Correct. This answer defines two roles of glial cells. b) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place Incorrect. Glial cells provide structure and insulation to neurons. c) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain de ...