Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... excitation of fastigial neurons and adjacent nervous pathways. Such excitations are, for natural reasons, far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the fastigial neurons show a pattern of continuous discharg ...
... excitation of fastigial neurons and adjacent nervous pathways. Such excitations are, for natural reasons, far from delicate and complex neuronal activity patterns displayed during normal cerebellar operation. In the physiological situations the fastigial neurons show a pattern of continuous discharg ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
... responses to extracellular glucose, revealing a strategy for how the brain can directly monitor body energy status (3, 69, 70). Glucose sensing in these glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons was not a general energy-related response, because during examination of a large number of neurons in ...
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS – composed of the brain and
... It is responsible for communication between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS center, and within areas of the cerebrum ...
... It is responsible for communication between the cerebral cortex and lower CNS center, and within areas of the cerebrum ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, people do not perceive each of the individual senses separately, as one would expect with such a large disc ...
... GVS were significantly slower by 197 to 241 ms compared to the other stimuli. These results were surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, people do not perceive each of the individual senses separately, as one would expect with such a large disc ...
Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons
... have been proposed to underlie the differentiation of nuclei and are distinguished by the expression of various homeobox genes and other molecular markers16–18. The most medial arc contains oculomotor neurons, and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), produced by the midbrain–hindbrain boundary, has be ...
... have been proposed to underlie the differentiation of nuclei and are distinguished by the expression of various homeobox genes and other molecular markers16–18. The most medial arc contains oculomotor neurons, and fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), produced by the midbrain–hindbrain boundary, has be ...
Functional Properties of Corticotectal Neurons in the Monkey`s
... including a range of neuron activity from purely visual to purely movement related. It is clear there are signals in the frontal eye field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cere ...
... including a range of neuron activity from purely visual to purely movement related. It is clear there are signals in the frontal eye field that could drive saccadic eye movements and neural pathways by which these signals could reach brain stem oculomotor centers. However, to understand how the cere ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippocampus (13) and visual cortex (14), neuronal activity patterns present during maze running can be detected ...
... The correlation of REM sleep EEG activity with ODP and ERK phosphorylation prompted us to more closely examine single-neuron activity during this sleep state. For example, in adult rodent hippocampus (13) and visual cortex (14), neuronal activity patterns present during maze running can be detected ...
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-A Function and Binding in
... Abstract—The goal of this study was to determine whether ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission and GABA binding are altered in chronic renal-wrap hypertension. Three groups of hypertensive and sham-operated rats were prepared for separate protocols. Four weeks later, the animals were prepared ...
... Abstract—The goal of this study was to determine whether ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission and GABA binding are altered in chronic renal-wrap hypertension. Three groups of hypertensive and sham-operated rats were prepared for separate protocols. Four weeks later, the animals were prepared ...
1 Removing the Constraints on Our Choices: A Psychobiological
... (vestibular, proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and nociceptive). In certain conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and even normal fatigue, individuals often exhibit extreme patterns of sensory processing, such as being over-reactive or under-reactive to incoming stimuli (for review, see Dunn, 2 ...
... (vestibular, proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and nociceptive). In certain conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and even normal fatigue, individuals often exhibit extreme patterns of sensory processing, such as being over-reactive or under-reactive to incoming stimuli (for review, see Dunn, 2 ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... chosen localized region. Furthermore, the quantification of metabolite contents is expressed not only as a ratio, usually with respect to tCr, but also as an absolute concentration if a quantitative protocol is applied.13,14 On the other hand, chemical shift imaging allows investigating a wider regi ...
... chosen localized region. Furthermore, the quantification of metabolite contents is expressed not only as a ratio, usually with respect to tCr, but also as an absolute concentration if a quantitative protocol is applied.13,14 On the other hand, chemical shift imaging allows investigating a wider regi ...
fMRI sample and movement - Open Research Exeter
... modifiable mechanism even in the context of recurrent MDD. Despite these promising results, the potential efficacy of intervening earlier, before the onset of “treatment refractory” depression, has not yet been examined. Thus, adolescence may offer a particularly fruitful developmental window to cha ...
... modifiable mechanism even in the context of recurrent MDD. Despite these promising results, the potential efficacy of intervening earlier, before the onset of “treatment refractory” depression, has not yet been examined. Thus, adolescence may offer a particularly fruitful developmental window to cha ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...
Autistic spectrum disorders: A review of clinical features, theories
... in terms of prevalence, morbidity and impact to the society. It is characterized by complex behavioral phenotype and deficits in both social and cognitive functions. Although the exact cause of ASD is still not known, the main findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the dev ...
... in terms of prevalence, morbidity and impact to the society. It is characterized by complex behavioral phenotype and deficits in both social and cognitive functions. Although the exact cause of ASD is still not known, the main findings emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the dev ...
Diversity of laminar connections linking periarcuate and
... procedures, we showed that laminar-specific connections between distinct prefrontal (areas 46 and 8) and lateral intraparietal (LIPv, LIPd and 7a) areas in Macaca mulatta, studied with neural tracers, varied systematically according to rules determined by the laminar architecture of the linked areas ...
... procedures, we showed that laminar-specific connections between distinct prefrontal (areas 46 and 8) and lateral intraparietal (LIPv, LIPd and 7a) areas in Macaca mulatta, studied with neural tracers, varied systematically according to rules determined by the laminar architecture of the linked areas ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... The sense of taste contributes to quality of life and the vital function of discriminating between nutritive and toxic substances. It is intimately associated with appetitive and reward systems as well as homeostatic systems tasked with maintaining nutritional balance and body weight and is subject ...
... The sense of taste contributes to quality of life and the vital function of discriminating between nutritive and toxic substances. It is intimately associated with appetitive and reward systems as well as homeostatic systems tasked with maintaining nutritional balance and body weight and is subject ...
CO2-pH
... Proprioceptors are a group of specialized receptors, which detect position and movement (kinesthetic). They monitor joint position, direction, speed, muscle tension and muscle-length. The effects of high CO2 and low pH on cellular function, particularly neurons, are of interest to understand as most ...
... Proprioceptors are a group of specialized receptors, which detect position and movement (kinesthetic). They monitor joint position, direction, speed, muscle tension and muscle-length. The effects of high CO2 and low pH on cellular function, particularly neurons, are of interest to understand as most ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: Evidence
... the SSD from GORT. This procedure is necessary for stop-signal tasks because we are attempting to measure a response that is absent (inhibited). It assumes that the reaction time to stop-signals occurs at some point following the stop-signal and before the GORT at the 50th percentile of the distribu ...
... the SSD from GORT. This procedure is necessary for stop-signal tasks because we are attempting to measure a response that is absent (inhibited). It assumes that the reaction time to stop-signals occurs at some point following the stop-signal and before the GORT at the 50th percentile of the distribu ...
The analog/digital distinction in the philosophy of mind
... program as such. The machine consists of a moderate to large number of functional m o d ' u ~ e d ...
... program as such. The machine consists of a moderate to large number of functional m o d ' u ~ e d ...
Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9
... ____ 19. If you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, the pathway that the nerve impulse takes from your foot to your spinal cord to your leg is called a reflex arc. _________________________ ____ 20. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons ...
... ____ 19. If you accidentally step on a tack with your bare foot, the pathway that the nerve impulse takes from your foot to your spinal cord to your leg is called a reflex arc. _________________________ ____ 20. Spreading out from the cell body of a neuron are short, branched extensions called axons ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... computation and provide important new insights into human reward information processing. Another critical question is whether post-synaptic targets of midbrain neurons respond differentially to the phasic error prediction signal and the sustained reward uncertainty signal. If activity patterns in th ...
... computation and provide important new insights into human reward information processing. Another critical question is whether post-synaptic targets of midbrain neurons respond differentially to the phasic error prediction signal and the sustained reward uncertainty signal. If activity patterns in th ...
Experiment 2 - fMRI Study
... that these tasks involve distinct component processes that act upon a shared linguistic knowledge base (Bock and Levelt, 1994; MacDonald et al., 1994). Indeed, production requires word retreival and planning of a sentence structure, whereas comprehension involves word recognition and the understandi ...
... that these tasks involve distinct component processes that act upon a shared linguistic knowledge base (Bock and Levelt, 1994; MacDonald et al., 1994). Indeed, production requires word retreival and planning of a sentence structure, whereas comprehension involves word recognition and the understandi ...
Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...