Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration in aged antinerve growth factor
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
... ameliorates lesion-induced abnormalities in these cells (6), and reverses atrophy of BFCNs (7) and spatial memory impairments in aged rats (8–10). A decline in the integrity of the central cholinergic function in aged human brain has been postulated (11) to be responsible for the neuropathological c ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... cyclase–activating peptide) and is thought to activate the adenylyl cyclase encoded by rut, was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolida ...
... cyclase–activating peptide) and is thought to activate the adenylyl cyclase encoded by rut, was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolida ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... 18S rDNA data of 145 terminal taxa with 276 morphological characters in a total evidence regime. This analysis yielded a sister-group relationship of Chaetognatha with Nemertodermatida that the authors qualified as unstable and difficult to justify on the basis of morphological/anatomical characters ...
... 18S rDNA data of 145 terminal taxa with 276 morphological characters in a total evidence regime. This analysis yielded a sister-group relationship of Chaetognatha with Nemertodermatida that the authors qualified as unstable and difficult to justify on the basis of morphological/anatomical characters ...
Read Here
... of individual serotonergic neurons supports similar conclusions, revealing molecularly distinct subtypes of 5-HT neurons (Spaethling et al., 2014; Okaty et al., 2015), including subtypes that not only express the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) for synthesis of 5-HT, but also neurotran ...
... of individual serotonergic neurons supports similar conclusions, revealing molecularly distinct subtypes of 5-HT neurons (Spaethling et al., 2014; Okaty et al., 2015), including subtypes that not only express the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) for synthesis of 5-HT, but also neurotran ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... EPF’s Development and other Theories of Autism EPF has both similarities to and differences from the three other accounts of autism related to perception. First, from Frith and Happé’s WCC (Frith, 1989; Frith & Happé, 1994; Happé, 1999; Shah & Frith, 1983, 1993), and from our own results (Mottron ...
... EPF’s Development and other Theories of Autism EPF has both similarities to and differences from the three other accounts of autism related to perception. First, from Frith and Happé’s WCC (Frith, 1989; Frith & Happé, 1994; Happé, 1999; Shah & Frith, 1983, 1993), and from our own results (Mottron ...
The major symptom dimensions of obsessive
... (OCD) propose that specific frontal-striatal and limbic circuits are involved in the mediation of its symptoms (Saxena et al., 1998; Remijnse et al., 2005; Mataix-Cols and van den Heuvel, 2006). Whereas the findings of functional neuroimaging studies have been relatively consistent with this view, str ...
... (OCD) propose that specific frontal-striatal and limbic circuits are involved in the mediation of its symptoms (Saxena et al., 1998; Remijnse et al., 2005; Mataix-Cols and van den Heuvel, 2006). Whereas the findings of functional neuroimaging studies have been relatively consistent with this view, str ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the University of Florida and Stetson University. Fig. 1. Recovery of quinine-stimulated gaping depended more on the taste receptor cell field on the tongue than on the taste nerve transmitting the signal. A: The mean ⫾ SE numbers of gapes (pictured in ...
... Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the University of Florida and Stetson University. Fig. 1. Recovery of quinine-stimulated gaping depended more on the taste receptor cell field on the tongue than on the taste nerve transmitting the signal. A: The mean ⫾ SE numbers of gapes (pictured in ...
"Sleep and Memory". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar to that of waking during REM sleep, and high-amplitude EEG oscillations – including sleep spindles and slow-wave activity (SWA) – during NREM sleep. (b) Sequence o ...
... cortex (relative to waking) during REM and NREM sleep. Representative EEG traces for the two sleep states show cortical activity similar to that of waking during REM sleep, and high-amplitude EEG oscillations – including sleep spindles and slow-wave activity (SWA) – during NREM sleep. (b) Sequence o ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... techniques we have never been closer to a means for generating new nuggets of speculation on this question. Furthermore, one aspect of the scyphozoan/hydrozoan swim-control dichotomy is a critical element of this speculation, and represents a classical example of how these new techniques hold the po ...
... techniques we have never been closer to a means for generating new nuggets of speculation on this question. Furthermore, one aspect of the scyphozoan/hydrozoan swim-control dichotomy is a critical element of this speculation, and represents a classical example of how these new techniques hold the po ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... ability of circulating vasopressin to augment baroreflexmediated sympathoinhibition (6, 34). A likely target in the baroreflex central network for AP augmentation of baroreflex function is the NTS, where baroreceptor afferent signals are first integrated in the CNS (22). This proposal is supported b ...
... ability of circulating vasopressin to augment baroreflexmediated sympathoinhibition (6, 34). A likely target in the baroreflex central network for AP augmentation of baroreflex function is the NTS, where baroreceptor afferent signals are first integrated in the CNS (22). This proposal is supported b ...
Control of Appetite and Food Preference by NMDA Receptor and Its
... were overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2 ) in 2014 [1]. Dietary risk factors and physical inactivity, which are two risk factors contributing to the development of obesity, collectively accounted for 10% of global death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability and years ...
... were overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2 ) in 2014 [1]. Dietary risk factors and physical inactivity, which are two risk factors contributing to the development of obesity, collectively accounted for 10% of global death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability and years ...
Learning to classify complex patterns using a VLSI network of
... discipline of neuromorphic engineering recognizes and exploits such similarities, and maps the properties of neural computation onto silicon to implement new types of computing devices. Such a neuromorphic system can be designed to emulate the spike-based synaptic plasticity of a biological neural n ...
... discipline of neuromorphic engineering recognizes and exploits such similarities, and maps the properties of neural computation onto silicon to implement new types of computing devices. Such a neuromorphic system can be designed to emulate the spike-based synaptic plasticity of a biological neural n ...
Multisensory anatomical pathways - Centre de Recherche Cerveau
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
... occur is probably reflecting an adaptive mechanism by which individual perceptual or sensory-motor situations involve a specific multisensory network. We describe in this review connections in the brain that may represent the support for early multisensory integration, such as cortico-cortical connect ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... Receives about 20% of total blood flow during periods of ...
... Receives about 20% of total blood flow during periods of ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
... which cell populations this feedback is processed and conveyed to motor areas such as HVC. In HVC projection neurons, there are no traces of auditory feedback responses during singing, not even subthreshold [26–28]. One possibility is that NIf is responsive to auditory feedback and that these respon ...
... which cell populations this feedback is processed and conveyed to motor areas such as HVC. In HVC projection neurons, there are no traces of auditory feedback responses during singing, not even subthreshold [26–28]. One possibility is that NIf is responsive to auditory feedback and that these respon ...
Eye Movements - Center for Neural Science
... Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these observations is that all oculomotor motor neurons exhibit this pattern of behavior, encoding in their rate both the static and the dynamic components of the force structure of each movement.4 This finding has two important implications. First, it means th ...
... Perhaps the most interesting aspect of these observations is that all oculomotor motor neurons exhibit this pattern of behavior, encoding in their rate both the static and the dynamic components of the force structure of each movement.4 This finding has two important implications. First, it means th ...
Multisensory contributions to low-level, `unisensory` processing
... dissociation would be similar to that for feedforward and feedback processes observed in V1 for ‘contextual surround’ [46] and visual selective attention [47] effects, both of which use feedback input and lag the initial feedforward sensory input. In any case, given that the requirements for integra ...
... dissociation would be similar to that for feedforward and feedback processes observed in V1 for ‘contextual surround’ [46] and visual selective attention [47] effects, both of which use feedback input and lag the initial feedforward sensory input. In any case, given that the requirements for integra ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... high-pass filter (cut-off frequency equal to 0.16 Hz at −3 dB) was used to remove very slow variations that sometimes contaminate the baseline. Table 1 provides clinical information about the patients selected for the purpose of this study. ...
... high-pass filter (cut-off frequency equal to 0.16 Hz at −3 dB) was used to remove very slow variations that sometimes contaminate the baseline. Table 1 provides clinical information about the patients selected for the purpose of this study. ...
Distribution of Androgen and Estrogen Receptor mRNA in the Brain
... leopard geckos are more responsive than adult females to the activational effects of androgens on copulatory behavior and are relatively insensitive to the activational effects of estrogens on sexual receptivity (Rhen and Crews, 1999, 2000). Hence, sex steroids play a central role in the differentia ...
... leopard geckos are more responsive than adult females to the activational effects of androgens on copulatory behavior and are relatively insensitive to the activational effects of estrogens on sexual receptivity (Rhen and Crews, 1999, 2000). Hence, sex steroids play a central role in the differentia ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made: 1) The inter-user variability of the counting algorithm was found to be small: in a region from L4 with a very high soma density, 3 observers counted 487 ± 2.1% neu ...
... Accuracy of Manual Counting To determine the precision of the slicing and counting method, the following control experiments were made: 1) The inter-user variability of the counting algorithm was found to be small: in a region from L4 with a very high soma density, 3 observers counted 487 ± 2.1% neu ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons being the primary afferent neurotransmitter that transf ...
... peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons being the primary afferent neurotransmitter that transf ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... behavioral data. In contrast to the strong effect of payoff information on starting point, fits to the behavioral data indicated that payoff information had little or no effect on the drift rate of the diffusion process. Our primary goal in this paper is to examine the effect of explicit payoff info ...
... behavioral data. In contrast to the strong effect of payoff information on starting point, fits to the behavioral data indicated that payoff information had little or no effect on the drift rate of the diffusion process. Our primary goal in this paper is to examine the effect of explicit payoff info ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
... deviation and the mean) is smaller than 1, then the SS of the TRRP model is larger than 1. This does not apply, however, for mIMI models, which can also have a relatively narrow distribution of ISIs. We interpret these results and discuss their implications in section 8. In the second half of the pa ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... subregions of A10 (7.1-74.1%) with the only exception of PBP (95.6%). Some A8 neurons were unusual in that they were TH+ but not DAT+ (Fig. 2e, arrow). This suggests that some A8 neurons do not have the capacity to reuptake dopamine somatodendritically. In addition, there were some neurons in the RR ...
... subregions of A10 (7.1-74.1%) with the only exception of PBP (95.6%). Some A8 neurons were unusual in that they were TH+ but not DAT+ (Fig. 2e, arrow). This suggests that some A8 neurons do not have the capacity to reuptake dopamine somatodendritically. In addition, there were some neurons in the RR ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... different ORs, this combinatorial coding scheme could allow for the discrimination of an almost unlimited number of odorants. Even if each odorant were detected by only three ORs, this scheme could potentially generate almost one billion different odor codes. These studies also provided insight into ...
... different ORs, this combinatorial coding scheme could allow for the discrimination of an almost unlimited number of odorants. Even if each odorant were detected by only three ORs, this scheme could potentially generate almost one billion different odor codes. These studies also provided insight into ...