Hox genes and the regulation of movement in Drosophila
... female cells to form circuitry that generates malespecific courtship behavior (Demir and Dickson, 2005). Here we provide evidence for a more generalized form of genetic control that assigns equivalent cells at different levels in the anterior–posterior axis to form the different networks that underli ...
... female cells to form circuitry that generates malespecific courtship behavior (Demir and Dickson, 2005). Here we provide evidence for a more generalized form of genetic control that assigns equivalent cells at different levels in the anterior–posterior axis to form the different networks that underli ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... geometry and no displacement of the hand. Preliminary results of this study have been reported previously (Hamel-Pâquet et al. 2002, 2003). Terms borrowed from mechanics (e.g., kinematics, kinetics, dynamics) are used throughout this paper. However, they are used here only in a general sense as con ...
... geometry and no displacement of the hand. Preliminary results of this study have been reported previously (Hamel-Pâquet et al. 2002, 2003). Terms borrowed from mechanics (e.g., kinematics, kinetics, dynamics) are used throughout this paper. However, they are used here only in a general sense as con ...
Early Neural Patterning •Neural induction
... -High level of Shh at the notochord and in FPCs inducing motor neurons in the ventral neural tube/ spinal cord -Detailed look at motor neurons in developing embryo reveals different pools of motor neurons with different functions happening depending on the level (despite same signalling molecule Shh ...
... -High level of Shh at the notochord and in FPCs inducing motor neurons in the ventral neural tube/ spinal cord -Detailed look at motor neurons in developing embryo reveals different pools of motor neurons with different functions happening depending on the level (despite same signalling molecule Shh ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada Abstract: Sleep mentation studies infer that pain sensation in humans may be reduced during active REM sleep. However, to provide a mechanistic explanation fo ...
... Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada Abstract: Sleep mentation studies infer that pain sensation in humans may be reduced during active REM sleep. However, to provide a mechanistic explanation fo ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
Assisted morphogenesis: glial control of dendrite
... neuropil analogous to the brain of higher organisms, express the chemotropic protein Netrin/UNC-6. In unc6 mutant animals [31] or in animals lacking CEPsh glia [7], axon paths are severely disrupted, demonstrating a role for these glial cells in axon guidance. RIA nerve ring neurons possess a single ...
... neuropil analogous to the brain of higher organisms, express the chemotropic protein Netrin/UNC-6. In unc6 mutant animals [31] or in animals lacking CEPsh glia [7], axon paths are severely disrupted, demonstrating a role for these glial cells in axon guidance. RIA nerve ring neurons possess a single ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... functional overlaps between PMd and M1 (Riehle and Requin 1989; Crammond and Kalaska 1994, 1996; Johnson et al. 1996, 1999; Scott and Kalaska 1997; Scott et al. 1997). Regarding the hypothesis of dynamics-related activity in PMd, the most relevant study by Werner et al. found that the activity of 26 ...
... functional overlaps between PMd and M1 (Riehle and Requin 1989; Crammond and Kalaska 1994, 1996; Johnson et al. 1996, 1999; Scott and Kalaska 1997; Scott et al. 1997). Regarding the hypothesis of dynamics-related activity in PMd, the most relevant study by Werner et al. found that the activity of 26 ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... conditioning on secondary and primary (AI) auditory cortex indicates that both regions develop neuronal discharge plasticity early in the conditioning phase and that increases in background activity in primary auditory cortex are also associated with elevated levels of tonic arousal. In addition, th ...
... conditioning on secondary and primary (AI) auditory cortex indicates that both regions develop neuronal discharge plasticity early in the conditioning phase and that increases in background activity in primary auditory cortex are also associated with elevated levels of tonic arousal. In addition, th ...
Biology and Behavior
... reacts to stress. • The parasympathetic nervous system restores peace to the body’s systems ...
... reacts to stress. • The parasympathetic nervous system restores peace to the body’s systems ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... Electrophysiological recordings in extrastriate visual cortex were performed with tungsten in glass microelectrodes using standard procedures. The electrode was angled ~40 from medial to lateral in the coronal plane to achieve penetrations parallel to the cortical layers. Histological reconstructio ...
... Electrophysiological recordings in extrastriate visual cortex were performed with tungsten in glass microelectrodes using standard procedures. The electrode was angled ~40 from medial to lateral in the coronal plane to achieve penetrations parallel to the cortical layers. Histological reconstructio ...
Document
... • Only conscious and dreaming MINDs contribute to memory storage. The MIND is responsible for assembling memories from: 1) inputs to visual, auditory, olfactory, taste and body contact, 2) sensory responses and consequences arising from motor behavior or speech, and 3) emotions associated with senso ...
... • Only conscious and dreaming MINDs contribute to memory storage. The MIND is responsible for assembling memories from: 1) inputs to visual, auditory, olfactory, taste and body contact, 2) sensory responses and consequences arising from motor behavior or speech, and 3) emotions associated with senso ...
the superior Olivary complex
... a low-pass shape. When measured as a function of intensity or modulation depth (at 100 Hz modulation) synchrony becomes asymptotic (Figure 7–10E). In contrast, the spike rate modulation transfer functions to intensity and depth is primarily band pass in shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with so ...
... a low-pass shape. When measured as a function of intensity or modulation depth (at 100 Hz modulation) synchrony becomes asymptotic (Figure 7–10E). In contrast, the spike rate modulation transfer functions to intensity and depth is primarily band pass in shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with so ...
Inducing Any Virtual Two-Dimensional Movement in Humans by
... since the TA and the EHL tendons are anatomically too near each other to be vibrated separately and since their afferent patterns were found to be very similar, the responses from these muscles were averaged. The spatiotemporal patterns obtained during the above-cited recording sessions were then us ...
... since the TA and the EHL tendons are anatomically too near each other to be vibrated separately and since their afferent patterns were found to be very similar, the responses from these muscles were averaged. The spatiotemporal patterns obtained during the above-cited recording sessions were then us ...
Evolution of Patterning Systems and Circuit Elements for Locomotion
... The formation of bilaterian nervous systems is initiated through neural induction, a process where the neural plate is specified within a restricted region of ectoderm. In most species, neural induction involves bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling along the DV axis (De Robertis, 2008). Bmp si ...
... The formation of bilaterian nervous systems is initiated through neural induction, a process where the neural plate is specified within a restricted region of ectoderm. In most species, neural induction involves bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling along the DV axis (De Robertis, 2008). Bmp si ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
... Functional mapping and microstimulation studies suggest that recovery after stroke damage can be attributed to surviving brain regions taking on the functional roles of lost tissues. Although this model is well supported by data, it is not clear how activity in single neurons is altered in relation ...
Seeing Early Signs of Alzheimer`s Disease Through the Lens of the
... The vast majority of published data on the early synaptic dysfunction investigated brain regions such as hippocampus and cortex that are known to be the most vulnerable to AD. The Aβ-sensitive deviations from normal synaptic function are detectable at both molecular and cellular levels. Gene express ...
... The vast majority of published data on the early synaptic dysfunction investigated brain regions such as hippocampus and cortex that are known to be the most vulnerable to AD. The Aβ-sensitive deviations from normal synaptic function are detectable at both molecular and cellular levels. Gene express ...
cortico-cortical feedback controls spatial summation in
... combination we have developed provides purely anterograde labeling. D) Borders of cortical layers were determined based on current source density analysis of evoked LFP signals to 100 ms luminance increment (0.5-100 cd m -2) at every 400 ms (400 trials). SG (supragranular), IG (infragranular). E) Mi ...
... combination we have developed provides purely anterograde labeling. D) Borders of cortical layers were determined based on current source density analysis of evoked LFP signals to 100 ms luminance increment (0.5-100 cd m -2) at every 400 ms (400 trials). SG (supragranular), IG (infragranular). E) Mi ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... expression of the myokine Fndc5, which in turn was shown to induce BDNF expression [41]. Even though this study has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the exercisemediated induction of BDNF, several questions remain. For example, even though peripheral injection of Fndc ...
... expression of the myokine Fndc5, which in turn was shown to induce BDNF expression [41]. Even though this study has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the exercisemediated induction of BDNF, several questions remain. For example, even though peripheral injection of Fndc ...
Insect olfactory memory in time and space
... potentially suggesting that these cellular memory traces ultimately work through the MB neurons. Nevertheless, MBs must not be viewed as the only anatomical structure in which olfactory memories form. Future studies will undoubtedly reveal the mechanisms underlying these newly discovered memory trac ...
... potentially suggesting that these cellular memory traces ultimately work through the MB neurons. Nevertheless, MBs must not be viewed as the only anatomical structure in which olfactory memories form. Future studies will undoubtedly reveal the mechanisms underlying these newly discovered memory trac ...
Brain Stimulation for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
... Anderson did show, however, a reduced burst firing pattern during DBS, which may support the notion that DBS may exert its therapeutic effects via a modulation of basal ganglia firing patterns rather than by changing firing rates. Similar results have also been observed with a rodent model of DBS (C ...
spinal cord
... Consciousness • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex ...
... Consciousness • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex ...
How do you feel -- now? The anterior insula and
... respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In another study, a well-practiced behavioral task was used to encourage mind-wandering (‘stimulus-indep ...
... respectively (see Box 1), then this response profile would also be consistent with the interpretation that target awareness is engendered in the AIC/IFG and control of directed effort in the ACC. In another study, a well-practiced behavioral task was used to encourage mind-wandering (‘stimulus-indep ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... or other brain imaging methods can be used to activate a given cortical region and assess the distributed effects on the basis of transsynaptic corticocortical and corticosubcortical effects. Although this approach has yet to be applied to schizophrenia, the potential seems most appealing. Accumulat ...
... or other brain imaging methods can be used to activate a given cortical region and assess the distributed effects on the basis of transsynaptic corticocortical and corticosubcortical effects. Although this approach has yet to be applied to schizophrenia, the potential seems most appealing. Accumulat ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural impulses. This approach makes use of multiple intra ...
... thick). Even though many long-range axonal inputs to cortical columns within each slice are severed, this reductionist approach has provided a wealth of insight into layer-specific physiological properties of neurons and interlaminar flow of neural impulses. This approach makes use of multiple intra ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...
... patterns of activity that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals throughout much of the rest of the brain, affecting not only visual processes, but also other sensory modalities, as well as systems responsible for response execution, memory retrieval, emotional eval ...