Motor disorders
... smaller deficits in single jointed movements. Why are these movement types different? Multijointed movements are mechanically more complicated than single jointed movements. When multiple joints are moved together, there are additional forces called interaction torques that must be predicted and adj ...
... smaller deficits in single jointed movements. Why are these movement types different? Multijointed movements are mechanically more complicated than single jointed movements. When multiple joints are moved together, there are additional forces called interaction torques that must be predicted and adj ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... PFC damage show stereotyped deficits in the WCST. They are able to acquire the initial mapping without much difficulty but are unable to adapt their behavior when the rule varies (Milner 1963). Monkeys with PFC lesions are impaired in an analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others whe ...
... PFC damage show stereotyped deficits in the WCST. They are able to acquire the initial mapping without much difficulty but are unable to adapt their behavior when the rule varies (Milner 1963). Monkeys with PFC lesions are impaired in an analog of this task (Dias et al 1996b, 1997) and in others whe ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. The axon is covered by a myelin sheath which acts as an insulated covering and speeds up impulse conduction. The axon ends in short sending branches called terminal branches that send me ...
... conducting branch called an axon. The axon conducts electrical signals called impulses over long distances. The axon is covered by a myelin sheath which acts as an insulated covering and speeds up impulse conduction. The axon ends in short sending branches called terminal branches that send me ...
Study Objectives
... 13. Using clinical examples of amnesia, distinguish implicit memory from explicit memory. Describe specific tasks that assess each type of memory. Summarize the impairments as well as the spared learning abilities of individuals with medial temporal lobe damage. 14. How have studies using functional ...
... 13. Using clinical examples of amnesia, distinguish implicit memory from explicit memory. Describe specific tasks that assess each type of memory. Summarize the impairments as well as the spared learning abilities of individuals with medial temporal lobe damage. 14. How have studies using functional ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... reconsolidation that maintains the memory, or by extinction that results in weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underlying food-aversion associative learning in terrestrial ...
... reconsolidation that maintains the memory, or by extinction that results in weakening of existing memory or formation of a competing memory. In our study we analyzed the behavior and responses of identified neurons involved in the network underlying food-aversion associative learning in terrestrial ...
Hereditary Pick’s disease with the G272V tau mutation shows predominant three-repeat
... Upstate, Charlesville) were used (de Silva et al., 2003) to investigate the tau isoform composition of Pick bodies. Sections from the two G272V cases as well as an Alzheimer’s disease and a PSP control were pretreated by pressure-cooking in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) for 5 min, followed by incubat ...
... Upstate, Charlesville) were used (de Silva et al., 2003) to investigate the tau isoform composition of Pick bodies. Sections from the two G272V cases as well as an Alzheimer’s disease and a PSP control were pretreated by pressure-cooking in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) for 5 min, followed by incubat ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... presynaptic activity normalized by the estimated gain – to a single orientation with and without adaptation. Boxes denote the inter-quartile range; whiskers denote 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. Outliers have been removed for clarity. By cancelling out fluctuations in pre-synaptic excitability ...
... presynaptic activity normalized by the estimated gain – to a single orientation with and without adaptation. Boxes denote the inter-quartile range; whiskers denote 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. Outliers have been removed for clarity. By cancelling out fluctuations in pre-synaptic excitability ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
... Animal Care and Use Committee. These animals had undergone previous surgery under barbituate anesthesia for placement of both a chronic recording cylinder for acute daily recordings and a scleral eye coil for detecting eye position. The recording cylinders (19- and 25-mm diam) were positioned over t ...
Hippocampus – Why is it studied so frequently?
... oriens, stratum pyramidale, and the molecular zone 13. The well-defined pyramidal cell layer formed by excitatory pyramidal neurons is the principal layer of the hippocampus proper. It consists of large pyramidal cells tightly packed in CA1, and less tightly packed in CA2 and CA3 fields. The rest of ...
... oriens, stratum pyramidale, and the molecular zone 13. The well-defined pyramidal cell layer formed by excitatory pyramidal neurons is the principal layer of the hippocampus proper. It consists of large pyramidal cells tightly packed in CA1, and less tightly packed in CA2 and CA3 fields. The rest of ...
annual report of the erwin l. hahn institute for magnetic resonance
... number of refocusing pulses required, which result in a high RF power deposition. Given the roughly quadratic dependency of power deposition on field strength (3) this leads to the paradoxical situation that at the field strengths where spin-echo sequences offer potentially the greatest benefit in t ...
... number of refocusing pulses required, which result in a high RF power deposition. Given the roughly quadratic dependency of power deposition on field strength (3) this leads to the paradoxical situation that at the field strengths where spin-echo sequences offer potentially the greatest benefit in t ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... using different recording techniques [from multicontact electrodes (3) to electrocorticography grids (5)] and more recently in humans, using magnetoencephalography (6). It is plausible that these enhanced gamma/ alpha signatures in FF/FB interactions may be related to the laminar preference of the a ...
... using different recording techniques [from multicontact electrodes (3) to electrocorticography grids (5)] and more recently in humans, using magnetoencephalography (6). It is plausible that these enhanced gamma/ alpha signatures in FF/FB interactions may be related to the laminar preference of the a ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
... helps control the functioning of most internal organs Controls hormone secretion by anterior and posterior pituitary glands; therefore, it indirectly helps control hormone secretion by most other endocrine glands Contains centers for controlling body temperature, appetite, wakefulness, and pleasure ...
Anterior Cingulate Conflict Monitoring and Adjustments in Control
... of ACC conflict-related activity predicting subsequent neural or behavioral adjustments in control. Using the Stroop color-naming task and controlling for repetition effects, we demonstrate that ACC conflict-related activity predicts both greater prefrontal cortex activity and adjustments in behavior, ...
... of ACC conflict-related activity predicting subsequent neural or behavioral adjustments in control. Using the Stroop color-naming task and controlling for repetition effects, we demonstrate that ACC conflict-related activity predicts both greater prefrontal cortex activity and adjustments in behavior, ...
Where is a Nose with Respect to a Foot? The Left
... a 2 3 2 factorial design with the factors STIMULI (human body vs. building parts) and TASK (spatial judgment [SJ] versus identification [I]) with 4 conditions: 1) BodySJ, participants performed the spatial judgment task with body parts; 2) BodyI, identification task with body parts; 3) BuildingSJ, spa ...
... a 2 3 2 factorial design with the factors STIMULI (human body vs. building parts) and TASK (spatial judgment [SJ] versus identification [I]) with 4 conditions: 1) BodySJ, participants performed the spatial judgment task with body parts; 2) BodyI, identification task with body parts; 3) BuildingSJ, spa ...
Spatial tuning of reaching activity in the medial parieto
... epochs could start before the onset of arm movement in case the neural modulation preceded the movement onset. M1 and M2 duration changed trial by trial according to the duration of the neural discharge. (v) HOLD. From the end of the forward reach (LED pressing) to the onset of neural response relat ...
... epochs could start before the onset of arm movement in case the neural modulation preceded the movement onset. M1 and M2 duration changed trial by trial according to the duration of the neural discharge. (v) HOLD. From the end of the forward reach (LED pressing) to the onset of neural response relat ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
... to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Comparison of hardware/software implementation and software simulations shows how faraway ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would not have been as likely to have this emotional response. This in ...
... procedure in which the injection could have been placebo or cocaine, they likely experienced a negative emotional reaction (e.g. disappointment) when they realized that they had received placebo. In contrast, control participants would not have been as likely to have this emotional response. This in ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... • Bradypnea is observed in hypertension (reflexes from carotid sinus baroreceptors), in increased ventilatory resistance, inhibition of respiratory neurons by hypoxia, effect of narcotic drugs to brain that decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory neurons to pH or CO2 in CSF, functional impaction ...
... • Bradypnea is observed in hypertension (reflexes from carotid sinus baroreceptors), in increased ventilatory resistance, inhibition of respiratory neurons by hypoxia, effect of narcotic drugs to brain that decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory neurons to pH or CO2 in CSF, functional impaction ...
Insect Bio-inspired Neural Network Provides New Evidence on How
... The ability to discriminate between visual patterns is essential for honeybees allowing them to identify familiar flowers and landmarks while navigating on foraging trips and locating the correct hive entrance upon their return. Nonetheless even for these types of precisely defined visual stimuli, s ...
... The ability to discriminate between visual patterns is essential for honeybees allowing them to identify familiar flowers and landmarks while navigating on foraging trips and locating the correct hive entrance upon their return. Nonetheless even for these types of precisely defined visual stimuli, s ...
Pathophysiology of breathing
... • Bradypnea is observed in hypertension (reflexes from carotid sinus baroreceptors), in increased ventilatory resistance, inhibition of respiratory neurons by hypoxia, effect of narcotic drugs to brain that decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory neurons to pH or CO2 in CSF, functional impaction ...
... • Bradypnea is observed in hypertension (reflexes from carotid sinus baroreceptors), in increased ventilatory resistance, inhibition of respiratory neurons by hypoxia, effect of narcotic drugs to brain that decrease the sensitivity of the respiratory neurons to pH or CO2 in CSF, functional impaction ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... was later referred to as protocortex theory but has been largely superseded by protomap theory which postulates that corticogenesis is driven by intrinsic molecular mechanisms. While in recent years there has been overwhelming evidence in favor of a genetic specification of cortical areas, this evid ...
... was later referred to as protocortex theory but has been largely superseded by protomap theory which postulates that corticogenesis is driven by intrinsic molecular mechanisms. While in recent years there has been overwhelming evidence in favor of a genetic specification of cortical areas, this evid ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... THE KIND OF APPROACH IN NEUROETHOLOGY ...
... THE KIND OF APPROACH IN NEUROETHOLOGY ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. In ...
... compatible with localist models in psychology. It is not my claim that current data provide unambiguous support for localist coding schemes. But, I do intend to show that there is no reason to prefer distributed over localist representations on the basis of their relative biological plausibility. In ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...