Kandel ch. 43 + Two review papers
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... by performing the first staining sequence, omitting the DAB reaction, following this by the electrophoresis step and a second application of the first staining sequence, but now omitting the primary antiserum. If this results in negative staining, one can be sure that the elution is complete. The in ...
... by performing the first staining sequence, omitting the DAB reaction, following this by the electrophoresis step and a second application of the first staining sequence, but now omitting the primary antiserum. If this results in negative staining, one can be sure that the elution is complete. The in ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... results of the experiments of Rolls et al., 1996a) indicate that the activity of 15 neurons would be able to encode 192 face stimuli (at 50~0 accuracy), of 20 neurons 768 stimuli, of 25 neurons 3072 stimuli, of 30 neurons 12288 stimuli, and of 35 neurons 49152 stimuli (Abbott et al., 1996; the value ...
... results of the experiments of Rolls et al., 1996a) indicate that the activity of 15 neurons would be able to encode 192 face stimuli (at 50~0 accuracy), of 20 neurons 768 stimuli, of 25 neurons 3072 stimuli, of 30 neurons 12288 stimuli, and of 35 neurons 49152 stimuli (Abbott et al., 1996; the value ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
... histamine into the basal forebrain region caused a significant increase in the high θ- and γrange power throughout infusion period, but the δ-wave activity during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep remained similar to those of the control. We conclude from our data that the circadian process may ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... the movement trajectory (Craig 1989). Although a forward model has been used to analyze the instantaneous firing frequency associated with some movements in previous studies (Berthier et al. 1991; Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994), it suffers from the fundamental difficulty that the movement cannot be pr ...
... the movement trajectory (Craig 1989). Although a forward model has been used to analyze the instantaneous firing frequency associated with some movements in previous studies (Berthier et al. 1991; Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994), it suffers from the fundamental difficulty that the movement cannot be pr ...
Synaptic Integration in Rat Frontal Cortex Shaped by Network Activity
... FIG. 1. Extracellularly measured network activity increases coherently during periods associated with depolarized membrane potential of intracellularly recorded neurons. A: example of simultaneous intracellular recording of a neuron together with several other neurons recorded extracellularly with 4 ...
... FIG. 1. Extracellularly measured network activity increases coherently during periods associated with depolarized membrane potential of intracellularly recorded neurons. A: example of simultaneous intracellular recording of a neuron together with several other neurons recorded extracellularly with 4 ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Temperature - Division Of Animal Sciences
... The Passive System For temperature regulation, the controlled system is the body itself, complete with fully functional cardio-vascular and respiratory systems, metabolic and reproductive activities, and the nervous and endocrine systems controlling these functions. The problem of the passive system ...
... The Passive System For temperature regulation, the controlled system is the body itself, complete with fully functional cardio-vascular and respiratory systems, metabolic and reproductive activities, and the nervous and endocrine systems controlling these functions. The problem of the passive system ...
Resonance Effect for Neural Spike Time Reliability
... of the input is relatively small (Calvin and Stevens 1968; Church and Lloyd 1994; Steriade 1997; Steriade et al. 1993; Wilson and Kawaguchi 1996). Here we show that even under these conditions it is possible for the spike timing to be reliable through a resonance phenomenon (Fig. 1). An input signal ...
... of the input is relatively small (Calvin and Stevens 1968; Church and Lloyd 1994; Steriade 1997; Steriade et al. 1993; Wilson and Kawaguchi 1996). Here we show that even under these conditions it is possible for the spike timing to be reliable through a resonance phenomenon (Fig. 1). An input signal ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... of interest in the theta band, 4 Hz. Given these considerations, we used the 250 ms windows for the examination of Granger causality in the theta band (4–7 Hz) and the more reliable and greater temporally resolved 125 ms analysis windows for the examination of Granger causality in the alpha (8–12 Hz ...
... of interest in the theta band, 4 Hz. Given these considerations, we used the 250 ms windows for the examination of Granger causality in the theta band (4–7 Hz) and the more reliable and greater temporally resolved 125 ms analysis windows for the examination of Granger causality in the alpha (8–12 Hz ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... action. Overall, an organism’s mental state incorporates internal variables, such as hunger or fear, as well as the representation of a set of environmental stimuli present at a given moment, and the temporal context of stimuli and events. Any given mental state predisposes an organism to respond in ...
... action. Overall, an organism’s mental state incorporates internal variables, such as hunger or fear, as well as the representation of a set of environmental stimuli present at a given moment, and the temporal context of stimuli and events. Any given mental state predisposes an organism to respond in ...
Cerebellar Peduncle Pathways
... Cerebellar Ataxia Damage or degenera2on of nerve cells in focal regions of the cerebellum ...
... Cerebellar Ataxia Damage or degenera2on of nerve cells in focal regions of the cerebellum ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... growth, spine development, and neurotransmitter signaling (Camargo et al., 2007; Brandon et al., 2009). The cortical histology of transgenic mice expressing various truncated mouse or human DISC1 fragments is similar to that seen in postmortem brain samples from patients with SZ (Hikida et al., 2007 ...
... growth, spine development, and neurotransmitter signaling (Camargo et al., 2007; Brandon et al., 2009). The cortical histology of transgenic mice expressing various truncated mouse or human DISC1 fragments is similar to that seen in postmortem brain samples from patients with SZ (Hikida et al., 2007 ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... locations can sometimes be utilized as effective references of neuron classes; e.g. layer 4 and layer 5 neurons have distinct morphological and hodological characteristics. However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal ...
... locations can sometimes be utilized as effective references of neuron classes; e.g. layer 4 and layer 5 neurons have distinct morphological and hodological characteristics. However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... the SCN, or microstimulation of the IGL, will both cause phase advances or delays depending on circadian phase. The phase response curve for the phase shifting effects of NPY are different from that caused by light [2,33,60,64]. In addition, the level of NPY in the SCN shows two peaks at the day/nig ...
... the SCN, or microstimulation of the IGL, will both cause phase advances or delays depending on circadian phase. The phase response curve for the phase shifting effects of NPY are different from that caused by light [2,33,60,64]. In addition, the level of NPY in the SCN shows two peaks at the day/nig ...
full text - TReAD Lab
... received less scholarly attention than its neighbors, its function has recently become the subject of great interest. In particular, clinical scientists have become interested in its contributions to the control of motivated behavior and clinical pathologies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and obse ...
... received less scholarly attention than its neighbors, its function has recently become the subject of great interest. In particular, clinical scientists have become interested in its contributions to the control of motivated behavior and clinical pathologies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and obse ...
A neural implementation of Bayesian inference based on predictive
... To perform simulations with a hierarchical model, equations 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated for each processing stage in turn (starting from the lowest stage in the hierarchy), and this process was repeated to iteratively update the neural activations in each processing stage at each time-step. If the inp ...
... To perform simulations with a hierarchical model, equations 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated for each processing stage in turn (starting from the lowest stage in the hierarchy), and this process was repeated to iteratively update the neural activations in each processing stage at each time-step. If the inp ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the nature of these interactions and the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive control as subjects switched between simple face and word categorization tasks. Face and word stimuli were used because previous research has shown them to activate disting ...
... magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the nature of these interactions and the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive control as subjects switched between simple face and word categorization tasks. Face and word stimuli were used because previous research has shown them to activate disting ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... saccade was detected if the eye velocity exceeded 50 deg0s. Saccade onset was defined as the time when the velocity reached 10% of the peak velocity during the rising part of the velocity profile. Mean slow-phase eye velocity was calculated from “desaccaded” spontaneous nystagmic eye movements durin ...
... saccade was detected if the eye velocity exceeded 50 deg0s. Saccade onset was defined as the time when the velocity reached 10% of the peak velocity during the rising part of the velocity profile. Mean slow-phase eye velocity was calculated from “desaccaded” spontaneous nystagmic eye movements durin ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... neurons and bimodal, visual and tactile, neurons (Colby et al., 1993; Bremmer et al., 1997). Purely visual neurons are often selective for expanding or contracting visual stimuli. Others are strongly selective for the direction and speed of stimuli moving along the sagittal plane. Bimodal neurons re ...
... neurons and bimodal, visual and tactile, neurons (Colby et al., 1993; Bremmer et al., 1997). Purely visual neurons are often selective for expanding or contracting visual stimuli. Others are strongly selective for the direction and speed of stimuli moving along the sagittal plane. Bimodal neurons re ...
Listening to Narrative Speech after Aphasic
... Particularly compelling is a recent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study on normal subjects, which combined excellent temporal resolution with good spatial resolution (Marinkovic et al., 2003). An explicit task based on knowledge about object size in response to hearing or reading object nouns result ...
... Particularly compelling is a recent magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study on normal subjects, which combined excellent temporal resolution with good spatial resolution (Marinkovic et al., 2003). An explicit task based on knowledge about object size in response to hearing or reading object nouns result ...
Realizing Biological Spiking Network Models in a Configurable
... this hardware architecture: First, a continuous-time serial bus system using on-chip and post-processing lines for intrawafer communication (“Layer-1”). Second, a packet-based dynamic routing network implemented by separate custom hardware components which interface the network chips via contacts on ...
... this hardware architecture: First, a continuous-time serial bus system using on-chip and post-processing lines for intrawafer communication (“Layer-1”). Second, a packet-based dynamic routing network implemented by separate custom hardware components which interface the network chips via contacts on ...
Brain and effort: brain activation and effort-related working
... 2002, 2003; Engström et al., 2009). These problems involving working memory and attention take place in the context of preserved general cognitive capacity and—which is of particular importance—intact performance on less demanding shortterm memory tasks, such as repetition of digits and letters (Eng ...
... 2002, 2003; Engström et al., 2009). These problems involving working memory and attention take place in the context of preserved general cognitive capacity and—which is of particular importance—intact performance on less demanding shortterm memory tasks, such as repetition of digits and letters (Eng ...