Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
... 3 s) was immediately delivered to the grid floor of the dark room. After 20 s, the rat was removed from the apparatus and placed temporarily into its home cage. Two minutes later, the animal was retested in the same way as in the previous trials; if the rat did not enter the dark compartment during ...
Searching for Arthur Koestler`s Holons – a systemstheoretical
... Another type of decomposition of a model as discussed above is given by a multi-layer representation of the model. There the individual components are ordered hierarchically and depending on the level in the hierarchy they have to fulfill specific functions. Examples of typical applications of multi ...
... Another type of decomposition of a model as discussed above is given by a multi-layer representation of the model. There the individual components are ordered hierarchically and depending on the level in the hierarchy they have to fulfill specific functions. Examples of typical applications of multi ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Monoamine cell groups. Each of the classes of monoamine cell groups in the rat brainstem provides innervation to the hypothalamus. Projections from limbic regions. Hippocampal efferents via the precommissural fornix-lateral septum innervates all three longitudinally organized columns of the hypothal ...
... Monoamine cell groups. Each of the classes of monoamine cell groups in the rat brainstem provides innervation to the hypothalamus. Projections from limbic regions. Hippocampal efferents via the precommissural fornix-lateral septum innervates all three longitudinally organized columns of the hypothal ...
CocaineQQQ
... addictive recreational drugs Can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system ...
... addictive recreational drugs Can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
Neural Control of Eye Movements
... Donder’s and Lis3ng’s Laws of Torsion • Donder’s Law - Each gaze direcDon has a unique torsional posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-pa ...
... Donder’s and Lis3ng’s Laws of Torsion • Donder’s Law - Each gaze direcDon has a unique torsional posture, no maeer what path the eye took to get there. • Lis3ng’s Law – Any eye posiDon can be described by rotaDon of the eye from primary posiDon about a single axis lying in a specific fronto-pa ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... The total number of neurons was estimated in SCG of adult rats, capybaras and horses in a previous study by Ribeiro et al. (2004). Further, an unexpected high frequency of binucleate neurons, i.e. about 13%, was found in capybaras. Mammalian sympathetic ganglion neurons are usually mononucleate, but ...
... The total number of neurons was estimated in SCG of adult rats, capybaras and horses in a previous study by Ribeiro et al. (2004). Further, an unexpected high frequency of binucleate neurons, i.e. about 13%, was found in capybaras. Mammalian sympathetic ganglion neurons are usually mononucleate, but ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... Secondly, the person also has to experience intrusion symptoms (distressing memories; distressing dreams; dissociative reactions; prolonged or intense psychological distress; or intense psychological reactions when exposed to cues that resemble an aspect of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be ...
... Secondly, the person also has to experience intrusion symptoms (distressing memories; distressing dreams; dissociative reactions; prolonged or intense psychological distress; or intense psychological reactions when exposed to cues that resemble an aspect of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be ...
Grid Cell Firing May Arise From Interference of Theta Frequency
... shows clear grid pattern firing over extended periods during which the rat randomly forages in the environment, moving at a very wide range of speeds and directions. This provides an interesting problem for understanding how the temporal oscillations of neurons at one anatomical location could map in ...
... shows clear grid pattern firing over extended periods during which the rat randomly forages in the environment, moving at a very wide range of speeds and directions. This provides an interesting problem for understanding how the temporal oscillations of neurons at one anatomical location could map in ...
The contribution of intrinsic membrane dynamics to fast network
... fast oscillations in the local field potential (40 –100 Hz gamma, 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscilla ...
... fast oscillations in the local field potential (40 –100 Hz gamma, 100 –200 Hz sharp-wave ripples) single cortical neurons typically fire irregularly at rates that are much lower than the oscillation frequency. Recent computational studies have provided a mathematical description of such fast oscilla ...
General knowledge about nervous system
... – Hearing – Vision • Movement perception • Face recognition ...
... – Hearing – Vision • Movement perception • Face recognition ...
Potts Networks – Latching – Correlated patterns
... Does latching present a natural rudimentary grammar? Emilio Kropff, LIMBO-CNS-SISSA ...
... Does latching present a natural rudimentary grammar? Emilio Kropff, LIMBO-CNS-SISSA ...
Presentation - Neuropathology
... bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and a postural/action tremor rather than the classic pill-rolling tremor seen in Parkinson's disease. These symptoms are usually poorly responsive to long-term levodopa therapy. In MSA-C, typical findings are gait and limb ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria, ...
... bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and a postural/action tremor rather than the classic pill-rolling tremor seen in Parkinson's disease. These symptoms are usually poorly responsive to long-term levodopa therapy. In MSA-C, typical findings are gait and limb ataxia, cerebellar dysarthria, ...
Cerebrospinal fluid nerve growth factor levels in patients with
... subjects (81.5±15.03 pg/mL vs. 4.2±1.92 pg/mL, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the NGF level in the CSF may provide additional information in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. We also conclude that NGF could be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of AD. ...
... subjects (81.5±15.03 pg/mL vs. 4.2±1.92 pg/mL, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the NGF level in the CSF may provide additional information in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. We also conclude that NGF could be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of AD. ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... properties in response to long depolarizing current pulse: tonic neuron discharging APs throughout the current pulse and phasic neuron generally exhibiting only a single AP at the onset of stimulation. The similar firing patterns were widely reported in the autonomic nervous system, such as the para ...
... properties in response to long depolarizing current pulse: tonic neuron discharging APs throughout the current pulse and phasic neuron generally exhibiting only a single AP at the onset of stimulation. The similar firing patterns were widely reported in the autonomic nervous system, such as the para ...
Changes in GABA Modulation During a Theta Cycle May Be
... where α(100 msec) + β = 1 (100 msec represents about one-half of a theta cycle, and α measures the amount by which the suppression of recurrent synaptic transmission decreases during the sequence disambiguation task). If a1 is active and a2 is receiving biasing input, then the system has only two po ...
... where α(100 msec) + β = 1 (100 msec represents about one-half of a theta cycle, and α measures the amount by which the suppression of recurrent synaptic transmission decreases during the sequence disambiguation task). If a1 is active and a2 is receiving biasing input, then the system has only two po ...
• 1 1) The nonspecific ascending pathways ______. A) are
... D) substantia nigra Answer: D 34 34) All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid nucleus D) caudate nucleus Answer: D 35 35) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles ...
... D) substantia nigra Answer: D 34 34) All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the ________. A) hippocampus B) cingulate gyrus C) amygdaloid nucleus D) caudate nucleus Answer: D 35 35) Which of the following is not a midbrain structure? A) third ventricle B) cerebral peduncles ...
Early-life social adversity and developmental processes in
... and function. STS has differential regional effects on serotonin receptor mRNA expression in the ACC of marmosets, increasing expression in superficial laminae but decreasing expression in deep laminae [16]. Exposure to social adversity modifies two important signaling pathways that regulate SERT fu ...
... and function. STS has differential regional effects on serotonin receptor mRNA expression in the ACC of marmosets, increasing expression in superficial laminae but decreasing expression in deep laminae [16]. Exposure to social adversity modifies two important signaling pathways that regulate SERT fu ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Zokaei et al., 2014). In a memory-color paradigm, successful cross-classification of V1 activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert an ...
... transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Zokaei et al., 2014). In a memory-color paradigm, successful cross-classification of V1 activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert an ...
Chemical Senses
... The central pathway for taste signals, showing the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), where the nerve fibers from the tongue and the mouth synapse in the medulla at the base of the brain. From the NST, these fibers synapse in the thalamus and the frontal lobe of the brain. ...
... The central pathway for taste signals, showing the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), where the nerve fibers from the tongue and the mouth synapse in the medulla at the base of the brain. From the NST, these fibers synapse in the thalamus and the frontal lobe of the brain. ...
Rationalizing Context-Dependent Preferences: Divisive
... number that can be allocated to any given task (since neurons are not perfectly substitutable). This basic capacity constraint on information processing has two implications that will be particularly relevant for choice behaviour. First, neural activity is universally observed to be stochastic due t ...
... number that can be allocated to any given task (since neurons are not perfectly substitutable). This basic capacity constraint on information processing has two implications that will be particularly relevant for choice behaviour. First, neural activity is universally observed to be stochastic due t ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
... adults (Koc et al. 1998). This study is the first step in identifying the oligosynaptic pathway involved in this response. Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative syst ...
6-1 Nervous System
... Visual Association Area relates present to past visual experiences by recognizing and evaluating what is seen located in occipital lobe ...
... Visual Association Area relates present to past visual experiences by recognizing and evaluating what is seen located in occipital lobe ...
Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... cells in the retina, a pathway that may account for the ability of light to reset the biological clock (zeitgeber function) the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus ...
... cells in the retina, a pathway that may account for the ability of light to reset the biological clock (zeitgeber function) the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus ...