Relational Networks
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
... To understand how language operates, we need to have the linguistic information represented in such a way that it can be used for speaking and understanding (A “competence model” that is not competence to perform is unrealistic) ...
Whole-Brain Serial-Section Electron Microscopy In Larval Zebrafish
... Investigating the dense meshwork of wires and synapses that form neuronal circuits is possible with the high resolution of serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM)1. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct axons and dendrites is more than 10 orders of magnitude smaller th ...
... Investigating the dense meshwork of wires and synapses that form neuronal circuits is possible with the high resolution of serial-section electron microscopy (ssEM)1. However, the imaging scale required to comprehensively reconstruct axons and dendrites is more than 10 orders of magnitude smaller th ...
Aberrant Localization of Synchronous Hemodynamic
... functionally similar cortical regions, such as primary motor, visual, language, or auditory cortex (Biswal et al 1995, 1997; Cordes et al 2001; Lowe et al 1998; Xiong et al 1999). Functional connectivity of, for example, the primary motor cortex to other areas can be assessed with fMRI by taking a s ...
... functionally similar cortical regions, such as primary motor, visual, language, or auditory cortex (Biswal et al 1995, 1997; Cordes et al 2001; Lowe et al 1998; Xiong et al 1999). Functional connectivity of, for example, the primary motor cortex to other areas can be assessed with fMRI by taking a s ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... were detected by using a computer algorithm that searched for elevated eye velocity (> 20 ⁄ s). Saccade initiations and terminations then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for at least 10 ms. A lever turn was defined as a turn > 15 from vert ...
... were detected by using a computer algorithm that searched for elevated eye velocity (> 20 ⁄ s). Saccade initiations and terminations then were defined as the beginnings and ends of the monotonic changes in eye position that lasted for at least 10 ms. A lever turn was defined as a turn > 15 from vert ...
NeuroMem Decision Space Mapping
... modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classifier is very powerful since it allows managing uncertainty for a better, more refined diagnostic. It is also especia ...
... modeling the decision space. The outcome can have three possible classification status: Identified with certainty, Identified with uncertainty, Unknown. As a result, the RCE/RBF classifier is very powerful since it allows managing uncertainty for a better, more refined diagnostic. It is also especia ...
Undulatory locomotion of polychaete annelids - FORTH-ICS
... amplitude A affects the wavelength and velocity of the travelling wave. Forward, turning, in-placerotation and parallel-parking-like gaits were produced in simulation and studied parametrically. Closedloop control schemes have been developed, based on the decoupled control of the mechanism’s orienta ...
... amplitude A affects the wavelength and velocity of the travelling wave. Forward, turning, in-placerotation and parallel-parking-like gaits were produced in simulation and studied parametrically. Closedloop control schemes have been developed, based on the decoupled control of the mechanism’s orienta ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of the number of neurons generated through cell-c ...
... Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of the number of neurons generated through cell-c ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of the number of neurons generated through cell-c ...
... Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of the number of neurons generated through cell-c ...
The Red Nucleus: Past, Present, and Future
... the dentate nucleus. Data show that RNp has increasingly integrated itself with higher levels of function, for instance sensorimotor processing. Further research of the cerebellar nuclei in terms of sensory function, their correlations with the RNp, and the inferior olive will undoubtedly raise ques ...
... the dentate nucleus. Data show that RNp has increasingly integrated itself with higher levels of function, for instance sensorimotor processing. Further research of the cerebellar nuclei in terms of sensory function, their correlations with the RNp, and the inferior olive will undoubtedly raise ques ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
... eye muscle motoneurons and results in a saccade. In current models the superior colliculus (SC) is thought to exert a strong control over the trigger for saccade gcncration. In addition to a monosynaptic excitatory input to OPNs (Raybourn and Keller, 1977; BtittnerEnncver et al., 1988) the SC must a ...
E1 Lec 11 Disorders of Basal Ganglia
... movements) ○ DYT3: called such because it was the 3rd dystonia to be described ○ “Lubag”: Ilonggo term for any twisting movement Adult-onset then generalized, predominantly male (99%); X linked recessive; male manifests/female are carriers Severe, progressive movement disorder with high degree o ...
... movements) ○ DYT3: called such because it was the 3rd dystonia to be described ○ “Lubag”: Ilonggo term for any twisting movement Adult-onset then generalized, predominantly male (99%); X linked recessive; male manifests/female are carriers Severe, progressive movement disorder with high degree o ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... modeling work we have included an introduction to these receptor subtypes here and describe relevant observations regarding the contributions of each for the domains of cognition reviewed. Receptors that are activated by muscarine (but not nicotine) are referred to as muscarinic cholinergic receptor ...
... modeling work we have included an introduction to these receptor subtypes here and describe relevant observations regarding the contributions of each for the domains of cognition reviewed. Receptors that are activated by muscarine (but not nicotine) are referred to as muscarinic cholinergic receptor ...
Lecture 015, CNS - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... functions and for appreciating reality. This is where all your conscious decisions are made, this where all your appreciations or your somatic senses come to your consciousness in the cerebrum. And there are a number of lobes and important features of the cerebrum. We have five lobes namely: the occ ...
... functions and for appreciating reality. This is where all your conscious decisions are made, this where all your appreciations or your somatic senses come to your consciousness in the cerebrum. And there are a number of lobes and important features of the cerebrum. We have five lobes namely: the occ ...
Mechanisms of Visual Attention in the Human Cortex
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
... paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather that they interact with each other in a mutually suppressive way. This sensory suppress ...
A Brain-to-Brain Interface for Real
... nose poking necessary for the tactile task is part of the rats’ natural behavioral repertoire. These overall changes in the dyad behavior, irrespective of their direction (e.g. increased or decreased latency), are a clear indicator that a fundamentally more complex system emerged from the operation ...
... nose poking necessary for the tactile task is part of the rats’ natural behavioral repertoire. These overall changes in the dyad behavior, irrespective of their direction (e.g. increased or decreased latency), are a clear indicator that a fundamentally more complex system emerged from the operation ...
Wernicke`s area homologue in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
... the optical fractionator method (West et al. 1991). Histological processing invariably results in tissue shrinkage and other volumetric artefacts. To account for shrinkage, we calculated volumetric correction factors for each individual tissue block. Shrinkage correction, and parameters used for mea ...
Adult Neural Stem Cells and Repair of the Adult
... passed on to their progeny (7,37). The most commonly used tracer is bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog that incorporates into the DNA during the S phase of mitosis (37). In one study (35), Magavi and colleagues found that after the induced death of a specific subset of neocortical neurons ...
... passed on to their progeny (7,37). The most commonly used tracer is bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog that incorporates into the DNA during the S phase of mitosis (37). In one study (35), Magavi and colleagues found that after the induced death of a specific subset of neocortical neurons ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... the NAc core or shell or the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent male rats. Each animal received an injection in only one area in order to label a specific pathway. Based on the injection site, these beads will label either mesolimbic or mesocortical DA neurons that are known to be involve ...
... the NAc core or shell or the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adolescent male rats. Each animal received an injection in only one area in order to label a specific pathway. Based on the injection site, these beads will label either mesolimbic or mesocortical DA neurons that are known to be involve ...
Behavioral and Neural Changes after Gains and Losses of
... Behavioral task. Animals were trained to perform a token-based binary choice task (Fig. 1a). After the animal fixated a central square during a 0.5 s foreperiod, two green peripheral targets were presented on a computer screen along the horizontal meridian. The animal was then required to shift its ...
... Behavioral task. Animals were trained to perform a token-based binary choice task (Fig. 1a). After the animal fixated a central square during a 0.5 s foreperiod, two green peripheral targets were presented on a computer screen along the horizontal meridian. The animal was then required to shift its ...
the cognitive neuroscience of motivation and learning
... We have discussed both physiological and behavioral evidence supporting the idea that dopamine is involved in reinforcement learning. However, a key challenge in interpreting neural manipulations such as lesions or psychopharmacology is the possibility that apparently intact behavior could be subser ...
... We have discussed both physiological and behavioral evidence supporting the idea that dopamine is involved in reinforcement learning. However, a key challenge in interpreting neural manipulations such as lesions or psychopharmacology is the possibility that apparently intact behavior could be subser ...
PDF
... eosinophilic cell bodies were remarkably shrunken with condensed and clumped nuclear chromatin at 12 to 48 hours (Figure 1A). These shrunken eosinophilic neurons were observed by EM as disseminated electron-dense dark neurons that were homogeneously condensed and surrounded by remarkably swollen ast ...
... eosinophilic cell bodies were remarkably shrunken with condensed and clumped nuclear chromatin at 12 to 48 hours (Figure 1A). These shrunken eosinophilic neurons were observed by EM as disseminated electron-dense dark neurons that were homogeneously condensed and surrounded by remarkably swollen ast ...
BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
... electrons between molecules), which is how chemical microsensors measure dopamine. Two events must occur before dopamine is monitored by a chemical microsensor. First, dopamine must come in contact with the carbon fiber, or at least within a few angstroms (10 nanometers). Second, the carbon fiber mu ...
... electrons between molecules), which is how chemical microsensors measure dopamine. Two events must occur before dopamine is monitored by a chemical microsensor. First, dopamine must come in contact with the carbon fiber, or at least within a few angstroms (10 nanometers). Second, the carbon fiber mu ...
Patterning of brain precursors in ascidian embryos
... receptors ALK4, ALK5 and ALK6 (SB431542), or inhibited Nodal mRNA translation by injection of anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotides (Nodal-MO) (Fig. 2A). These treatments resulted in loss of Trp expression from column 3. Gsx expression in column 2 was also strongly reduced following Nodal signal in ...
... receptors ALK4, ALK5 and ALK6 (SB431542), or inhibited Nodal mRNA translation by injection of anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotides (Nodal-MO) (Fig. 2A). These treatments resulted in loss of Trp expression from column 3. Gsx expression in column 2 was also strongly reduced following Nodal signal in ...
A neural basis for a false memory
... Moreover, implanted memory is not an artifact of unintended reward or punishment because NBstm as used in our studies is motivationally neutral (Miasnikov, Chen, Gross, Poytress, & Weinberger, 2008a). Rather, the nucleus basalis appears to be ‘‘downstream’’ of motivational systems and may constitute ...
... Moreover, implanted memory is not an artifact of unintended reward or punishment because NBstm as used in our studies is motivationally neutral (Miasnikov, Chen, Gross, Poytress, & Weinberger, 2008a). Rather, the nucleus basalis appears to be ‘‘downstream’’ of motivational systems and may constitute ...