Impulsivity-related brain volume deficits in schizophrenia
... Apart from alcohol misuse, substances commonly abused in schizophrenic patients include nicotine, cocaine and cannabis (Winklbaur et al., 2006). These substances are reinforced by an increased dopaminergic activity, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine system (Gerdeman et al., 2003). As substance ...
... Apart from alcohol misuse, substances commonly abused in schizophrenic patients include nicotine, cocaine and cannabis (Winklbaur et al., 2006). These substances are reinforced by an increased dopaminergic activity, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine system (Gerdeman et al., 2003). As substance ...
The expression of XIF3 in undifferentiated anterior neuroectoderm
... XIF3is strongly expressed in animal caps in response to noggin (Lamb et al., 1993). This was initiallysurprising since XIF3, like NST, is expressed predominantly in primary neurons at the neurula slage, yet noggin treatment does not induce NST nor result in the formation of differentiated neurons in ...
... XIF3is strongly expressed in animal caps in response to noggin (Lamb et al., 1993). This was initiallysurprising since XIF3, like NST, is expressed predominantly in primary neurons at the neurula slage, yet noggin treatment does not induce NST nor result in the formation of differentiated neurons in ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
... and arcuate nuclei. The staining techniques have revealed NOS activity in the neuronal perikarya and processes, indicating that NO produced in the neuron may be released by the entire cell surface, including the neurosecretory terminals of the hypothalamic neurosecretory pathways [71]. Indeed, occur ...
Pain relief produces negative reinforcement through activation of
... providing direct evidence for a causal relationship between activation of this mesostriatal circuit and the negative reinforcing effect of pain relief. These data indicate that activation of the VTA to NAc dopamine signaling contributes to both positively and negatively reinforced behavior. Material ...
... providing direct evidence for a causal relationship between activation of this mesostriatal circuit and the negative reinforcing effect of pain relief. These data indicate that activation of the VTA to NAc dopamine signaling contributes to both positively and negatively reinforced behavior. Material ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... inhibitory effects on others, and complex modulatory effects on others still. Nevertheless, it happens that the two most widely used neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, each have largely consistent effects. Glutamate has several widely occurring types of receptors, but all of them are excitatory ...
... inhibitory effects on others, and complex modulatory effects on others still. Nevertheless, it happens that the two most widely used neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, each have largely consistent effects. Glutamate has several widely occurring types of receptors, but all of them are excitatory ...
Use of a Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus to
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
... the motor cortices of both hemispheres, interconnected commissurally, are involved in n7x-induced cortical plasticity (Toldi et al., 1999; Farkas et al., 2000). Most of the studies cited above were based on experiments in which electrophysiological methods were used. However, it is more than likely ...
Progress Report on Alzheimer`s Disease 1) More than _____ of AD
... 22) Cooke et al. (2009) studied the increased behavioral problems of AD patients with a) depression b) urinary tract infections c) sleep apnea d) stomach ulcers 23) The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study found that gingko was not effective in reducing the risk of AD. a) True b) False 24) Lopez et al ...
... 22) Cooke et al. (2009) studied the increased behavioral problems of AD patients with a) depression b) urinary tract infections c) sleep apnea d) stomach ulcers 23) The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory study found that gingko was not effective in reducing the risk of AD. a) True b) False 24) Lopez et al ...
Motor Systems - Neuroanatomy
... controlled by higher centers in the brain stem and cortex. A simple spinal cord circuit is shown. This circuitry underlies alternating flexion and extension --- when some cells are active, the others are inhibited. These cells lie in the ventral horn on the same side of the spinal cord and include f ...
... controlled by higher centers in the brain stem and cortex. A simple spinal cord circuit is shown. This circuitry underlies alternating flexion and extension --- when some cells are active, the others are inhibited. These cells lie in the ventral horn on the same side of the spinal cord and include f ...
Some historical perspectives on thermoregulation
... The ability of an organism to sense the temperature of its environment, and the temperatures of its body components, is fundamental to the control of its body temperature. There are specialized nerve endings in vertebrate endotherms and ectotherms that can detect and respond to both steady temperatu ...
... The ability of an organism to sense the temperature of its environment, and the temperatures of its body components, is fundamental to the control of its body temperature. There are specialized nerve endings in vertebrate endotherms and ectotherms that can detect and respond to both steady temperatu ...
Ch15aa
... • There are different responses to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and to 6-npropylthiouracil (PROP): ...
... • There are different responses to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and to 6-npropylthiouracil (PROP): ...
chapter15
... • There are different responses to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and to 6-npropylthiouracil (PROP): ...
... • There are different responses to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and to 6-npropylthiouracil (PROP): ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... of the TSC complex in different neuronal populations. Nonetheless, neither model has tested the hypothesis that loss of Tsc1 or Tsc2 in a neuroprogenitor cell initiates TSC neuropathology. Moreover, these studies are all based upon the Tsc1 gene. Although patients with TSC can have mutations in eith ...
... of the TSC complex in different neuronal populations. Nonetheless, neither model has tested the hypothesis that loss of Tsc1 or Tsc2 in a neuroprogenitor cell initiates TSC neuropathology. Moreover, these studies are all based upon the Tsc1 gene. Although patients with TSC can have mutations in eith ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... physiologically accurate than the similar, but more complex, Hodgkin Huxley model, the FN model’s simplicity to implement and accurate mimicking of general neural spiking behavior make it an ideal first choice for the purposes of generating a neural micro-network. The specific FN model used here was ...
... physiologically accurate than the similar, but more complex, Hodgkin Huxley model, the FN model’s simplicity to implement and accurate mimicking of general neural spiking behavior make it an ideal first choice for the purposes of generating a neural micro-network. The specific FN model used here was ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... back to 1861, when Paul Broca reported that the lesions in his aphasic patients lay on a delimited region of the left hemisphere. On the basis of this fundamental and subsequent observations, a classic theory of asymmetry was formulated comprising the existence of a single dominant (left) hemisphere ...
... back to 1861, when Paul Broca reported that the lesions in his aphasic patients lay on a delimited region of the left hemisphere. On the basis of this fundamental and subsequent observations, a classic theory of asymmetry was formulated comprising the existence of a single dominant (left) hemisphere ...
Lecture 14 (Chapter 13) Last Quiz The Adult Spinal Cord Gross
... • Bilateral region of skin • Each is monitored by specific pair of spinal nerves ...
... • Bilateral region of skin • Each is monitored by specific pair of spinal nerves ...
Autonomic nervous system
... the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions.[1] The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal ...
... the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions.[1] The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
... [pelvic organs], regulation of energy balance and nutrition [including the gastrointestinal tract], regulation of circadian timing of body functions, regulation of body protection [including the immune defense]). We have some knowledge about the central circuits involved in cardiovascular regulation ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... different animals. At odor concentrations likely to be encountered in nature, the map is sparse and glomeruli are narrowly tuned. The map becomes denser at higher concentrations and glomeruli respond to multiple odors of widely different structures. The threshold of activation differs for different ...
... different animals. At odor concentrations likely to be encountered in nature, the map is sparse and glomeruli are narrowly tuned. The map becomes denser at higher concentrations and glomeruli respond to multiple odors of widely different structures. The threshold of activation differs for different ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... and drug addiction. These reasons explain the blossoming of an area of research referred to as neuroeconomics (Glimcher et al. 2008). In a nutshell, research in neuroeconomics aspires to describe the neurobiological processes and cognitive mechanisms that underlie economic choices. Although the field ...
... and drug addiction. These reasons explain the blossoming of an area of research referred to as neuroeconomics (Glimcher et al. 2008). In a nutshell, research in neuroeconomics aspires to describe the neurobiological processes and cognitive mechanisms that underlie economic choices. Although the field ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... The extracellular levels of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have bee ...
... The extracellular levels of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian cerebral cortex, are regulated by specific high-affinity, Na+/Cl dependent transporters. Four distinct genes encoding GABA transporters (GATs), named GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and BGT-1 have bee ...
Transgenic expression of ZBP1 in neurons suppresses cocaine-associated conditioning
... been effectively demonstrated in vitro, few studies have examined how these post-transcriptional controls of gene expression in the cytoplasm contribute to behavior in vivo. Cultured neurons cannot replicate function within brain circuitry; therefore, in vivo studies in living animals provide the be ...
... been effectively demonstrated in vitro, few studies have examined how these post-transcriptional controls of gene expression in the cytoplasm contribute to behavior in vivo. Cultured neurons cannot replicate function within brain circuitry; therefore, in vivo studies in living animals provide the be ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... perceptual capabilities later in life. These behavioural changes are accompanied by morphological and physiological changes consistent with alteration in the number and pattern of synaptic connections (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). The so-called ocular dominance columns do not form in kittens when all ac ...
... perceptual capabilities later in life. These behavioural changes are accompanied by morphological and physiological changes consistent with alteration in the number and pattern of synaptic connections (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). The so-called ocular dominance columns do not form in kittens when all ac ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation. Each oscillation is generated by a particular set of intrinsic neuronal currents, synaptic ...
... rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation. Each oscillation is generated by a particular set of intrinsic neuronal currents, synaptic ...