The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... roles of the frontal lobes, and provides a conceptual framework for organizing this disparate body of work. ...
... roles of the frontal lobes, and provides a conceptual framework for organizing this disparate body of work. ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... The bat uses velocity information carried by the 61-kHz component for hunting flying insects13,14. Accordingly, its auditory system, from the periphery to the cortex, contains many neurons that are sharply tuned to this frequency for fine frequency analysis15,16. The sharp frequency-tuning curves in ...
... The bat uses velocity information carried by the 61-kHz component for hunting flying insects13,14. Accordingly, its auditory system, from the periphery to the cortex, contains many neurons that are sharply tuned to this frequency for fine frequency analysis15,16. The sharp frequency-tuning curves in ...
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... it was clear in the group data. The median (10^90 percentile) signal to noise ratio within 0.25 mm of the A1 midline running anterior to posterior was 18 (8^59), compared to 12 (5^42) for sites greater than 0.25 mm from the midline. No consistent mapping of response latency, stimulus threshold, or f ...
... it was clear in the group data. The median (10^90 percentile) signal to noise ratio within 0.25 mm of the A1 midline running anterior to posterior was 18 (8^59), compared to 12 (5^42) for sites greater than 0.25 mm from the midline. No consistent mapping of response latency, stimulus threshold, or f ...
Poster Example
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
... The study of neuron-specific factors requires pure neuronal cultures. However, the absence of glia can affect the physiology of neurons negatively. This study compared three different treatments of neuronal cultures in order to find a treatment that reversed the deleterious effects of removing glia ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... from the striatum, a stainless steel guide tube (0.6 mm OD) was lowered below the surface of the dura, the microelectrode was passed inside the guide and was advanced using a manual hydraulic microdrive (MO95, Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The signal from neuronal activity was amplified 5,000 times, fil ...
... from the striatum, a stainless steel guide tube (0.6 mm OD) was lowered below the surface of the dura, the microelectrode was passed inside the guide and was advanced using a manual hydraulic microdrive (MO95, Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The signal from neuronal activity was amplified 5,000 times, fil ...
Chapter 18: Control and Coordination
... that unearthly noise? You turn around to find that your dog’s wagging tail has just swept the lamp off the table. Suddenly, you’re aware that your heart is racing and your hands are shaking. After a few minutes though, your breathing returns to normal and your heartbeat is back to its regular rate. ...
... that unearthly noise? You turn around to find that your dog’s wagging tail has just swept the lamp off the table. Suddenly, you’re aware that your heart is racing and your hands are shaking. After a few minutes though, your breathing returns to normal and your heartbeat is back to its regular rate. ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein and mRNA Are
... NOS activity in brain homogenates (A) displays a regional distribution nearly identical to the density of the immunoreactive NOS band at 160 kd (B). Nitric oxide synthase activity was determined by monitoring the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline as described (Bredt and Snyder, 1990). Wes ...
... NOS activity in brain homogenates (A) displays a regional distribution nearly identical to the density of the immunoreactive NOS band at 160 kd (B). Nitric oxide synthase activity was determined by monitoring the conversion of [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline as described (Bredt and Snyder, 1990). Wes ...
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
... AL shape the olfactory code. To this end, I selectively optically recorded the output of the olfactory glomeruli, which represents the processed odor information. Comparison of these odor-induced output patterns with the compound signals, which mainly reflect the afferent input to the AL (i.e. RN re ...
... AL shape the olfactory code. To this end, I selectively optically recorded the output of the olfactory glomeruli, which represents the processed odor information. Comparison of these odor-induced output patterns with the compound signals, which mainly reflect the afferent input to the AL (i.e. RN re ...
The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and
... 2002; Deco and Rolls, 2006; Rolls, 2008a). 2. C-tactile (CT) afferents and light touch Light touch to hairy skin such as the forearm can activate CT afferents (i.e. C fibres with tactile but not pain sensitivity) and can be pleasant, and such afferents are thought not to be present in glabrous skin s ...
... 2002; Deco and Rolls, 2006; Rolls, 2008a). 2. C-tactile (CT) afferents and light touch Light touch to hairy skin such as the forearm can activate CT afferents (i.e. C fibres with tactile but not pain sensitivity) and can be pleasant, and such afferents are thought not to be present in glabrous skin s ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserved in humans. Differences have only been reported in fine structure. The human DCN shows a laminar organization with only two layers ins ...
... have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserved in humans. Differences have only been reported in fine structure. The human DCN shows a laminar organization with only two layers ins ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... encode and decide whether, and in what manner, to respond. This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. Th ...
... encode and decide whether, and in what manner, to respond. This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. Th ...
Causes of Brain Damage
... populations of brain-damaged patients Can’t distinguish between true recovery and compensatory changes Cognitive reserve – education and intelligence – thought to play an important role in recovery of function – may permit cognitive tasks to be accomplished in new ways Adult neurogenesis may play a ...
... populations of brain-damaged patients Can’t distinguish between true recovery and compensatory changes Cognitive reserve – education and intelligence – thought to play an important role in recovery of function – may permit cognitive tasks to be accomplished in new ways Adult neurogenesis may play a ...
Dynamic relationships between age, beta
... systematic investigation of metabolism changes across the whole brain along the continuum of ageing and amyloid-b pathology has been lacking. Understanding how age and amyloid-b deposition might affect glucose metabolism in asymptomatic, cognitively normal older people will provide insights into the ...
... systematic investigation of metabolism changes across the whole brain along the continuum of ageing and amyloid-b pathology has been lacking. Understanding how age and amyloid-b deposition might affect glucose metabolism in asymptomatic, cognitively normal older people will provide insights into the ...
PowerPoint Slide Set Westen Psychology 2e
... motor behavior. • Right hemisphere is dominant for non-linguistic functions including recognition of faces, places, and sounds (music) • The hemispheric specializations are evident from studies of – Damage to one hemisphere (I.e. Broca’s area) – Split-brain subjects ...
... motor behavior. • Right hemisphere is dominant for non-linguistic functions including recognition of faces, places, and sounds (music) • The hemispheric specializations are evident from studies of – Damage to one hemisphere (I.e. Broca’s area) – Split-brain subjects ...
BE 310 Final Project: Reflex Response of the Knee
... neurons act directly on motor neurons that contract the quadriceps. By the same token, they act indirectly, through inhibitory interneurons, to inhibit motor neurons that contract the antagonist muscle, the hamstring. The sensory neurons also end in projection interneurons that transmit information ...
... neurons act directly on motor neurons that contract the quadriceps. By the same token, they act indirectly, through inhibitory interneurons, to inhibit motor neurons that contract the antagonist muscle, the hamstring. The sensory neurons also end in projection interneurons that transmit information ...
Various Approaches to Decision Making
... specific biological constraints on cognition are so concerned to stress that only one outcome is permitted. ...
... specific biological constraints on cognition are so concerned to stress that only one outcome is permitted. ...
Poulet etal - Cornell University
... modulated by neural signals that feedforward from motor to sensory networks during behaviour (Grüsser 1986). In 1950 two papers furthered modern thinking about these concepts and termed the feedforward signals ‘‘corollary discharges’’ or ‘‘efference copies’’ (Sperry 1950; von Holst and Mittelstaedt ...
... modulated by neural signals that feedforward from motor to sensory networks during behaviour (Grüsser 1986). In 1950 two papers furthered modern thinking about these concepts and termed the feedforward signals ‘‘corollary discharges’’ or ‘‘efference copies’’ (Sperry 1950; von Holst and Mittelstaedt ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... by monosynaptic responses in both directions. The short-range spatial confinement of coherent fast rhythms contrasted with the large-scale synchronization of low-frequency sleep rhythms. Transient fast rhythms, appearing over the depolarizing envelope of the slow sleep oscillation, became sustained ...
... by monosynaptic responses in both directions. The short-range spatial confinement of coherent fast rhythms contrasted with the large-scale synchronization of low-frequency sleep rhythms. Transient fast rhythms, appearing over the depolarizing envelope of the slow sleep oscillation, became sustained ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
... The functional lesion hypothesis received support from studies in humans and in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease in which high-frequency stimulation in the STN was seen to inhibit activity in surrounding cell bodies for periods of up to several seconds (Filali et al. 2004; Meissner et al. 2005 ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... Repeated LBM maps from the same mouse indicated that spatial heterogeneity in EMG amplitude was not due to noise or poor sampling but reflected the underlying properties of the motor representations (Fig. 5). To examine limb representations on a finer scale, we compared the size and center positions ...
... Repeated LBM maps from the same mouse indicated that spatial heterogeneity in EMG amplitude was not due to noise or poor sampling but reflected the underlying properties of the motor representations (Fig. 5). To examine limb representations on a finer scale, we compared the size and center positions ...
Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury
... The fMRI paradigm consisted of six repetitions of active pseudorandomised 20 s blocks of right sided (1) repetitive isometric handgrip, (2) electrical median nerve stimulation at the medial wrist and (3) electrical tibial nerve stimulation at the medial malleolus alternating with 20 s rest blocks.4 ...
... The fMRI paradigm consisted of six repetitions of active pseudorandomised 20 s blocks of right sided (1) repetitive isometric handgrip, (2) electrical median nerve stimulation at the medial wrist and (3) electrical tibial nerve stimulation at the medial malleolus alternating with 20 s rest blocks.4 ...
Yale Review of Undergraduate Research in
... out in one study in SWS as a way of inducing slow oscillations in subjects during the retention interval (Gais & Born, 2004a). The result was that retention was increased compared to placebo group. It is interesting that this effect was only seen when tDCS was applied during SWS, and not in waking, ...
... out in one study in SWS as a way of inducing slow oscillations in subjects during the retention interval (Gais & Born, 2004a). The result was that retention was increased compared to placebo group. It is interesting that this effect was only seen when tDCS was applied during SWS, and not in waking, ...
CHAPTER 41
... changes in arterial Po2 in the range of 60 down to 30 mm Hg, a range in which hemoglobin saturation with oxygen decreases rapidly. Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Chemoreceptor Activity. ...
... changes in arterial Po2 in the range of 60 down to 30 mm Hg, a range in which hemoglobin saturation with oxygen decreases rapidly. Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Chemoreceptor Activity. ...
the brain of ai cars
... capabilities of NVIDIA GPUs to train neural networks. In 2012, Alex Krizhevsky of the University of Toronto won the ImageNet image recognition competition using a deep neural network trained on NVIDIA GPUs — beating all the human expert algorithms that had been honed for decades. That same year, rec ...
... capabilities of NVIDIA GPUs to train neural networks. In 2012, Alex Krizhevsky of the University of Toronto won the ImageNet image recognition competition using a deep neural network trained on NVIDIA GPUs — beating all the human expert algorithms that had been honed for decades. That same year, rec ...
Impulsivity-related brain volume deficits in schizophrenia
... Apart from alcohol misuse, substances commonly abused in schizophrenic patients include nicotine, cocaine and cannabis (Winklbaur et al., 2006). These substances are reinforced by an increased dopaminergic activity, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine system (Gerdeman et al., 2003). As substance ...
... Apart from alcohol misuse, substances commonly abused in schizophrenic patients include nicotine, cocaine and cannabis (Winklbaur et al., 2006). These substances are reinforced by an increased dopaminergic activity, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine system (Gerdeman et al., 2003). As substance ...