Functional sex differences in human primary auditory cortex
... the other hand, a sex difference was detected in the processing of noise, because females activated their PAC significantly more than males. The finding that sex differences in auditory processing can already be detected at the level of the primary cortex is very important, because it is often assum ...
... the other hand, a sex difference was detected in the processing of noise, because females activated their PAC significantly more than males. The finding that sex differences in auditory processing can already be detected at the level of the primary cortex is very important, because it is often assum ...
How Neuroscience Predicts The Spontaneous Remission Of Addiction
... Adolescence To Adulthood To Old Age--Maturity And Risk Avoidance Research shows us that people become progressively more risk averse with age. Dr. Julia Deakin and her research team had 177 subjects aged between 17 and 73 take part in a computer based gambling task and found that risk taking behavio ...
... Adolescence To Adulthood To Old Age--Maturity And Risk Avoidance Research shows us that people become progressively more risk averse with age. Dr. Julia Deakin and her research team had 177 subjects aged between 17 and 73 take part in a computer based gambling task and found that risk taking behavio ...
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive
... uncorrected) is then applied to form a set of supratheshold connections. Permutation testing is then used to calculate a family-wise error (FWE) corrected P-value for each set of suprahreshold connections or sub-network (please see Supporting Information methods for more details) [Zalesky et al., 20 ...
... uncorrected) is then applied to form a set of supratheshold connections. Permutation testing is then used to calculate a family-wise error (FWE) corrected P-value for each set of suprahreshold connections or sub-network (please see Supporting Information methods for more details) [Zalesky et al., 20 ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
... The relational rules of the structural model, and specialized and complementary pathways to distinct prefrontal sectors. (a) Feedback pathways originate in an area with less elaborate laminar structure than the destination (brown neurons); feedforward describes pathways that have the opposite relati ...
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... correlates precisely with the ordered generation of particular sets of neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progresse ...
... correlates precisely with the ordered generation of particular sets of neurons (reviewed by Pearson and Doe, 2004; Brody and Odewald, 2002; Jacob et al., 2008). This sequence of events is recapitulated in vitro using isolated neuroblasts and is linked to the number of cell cycles that have progresse ...
The Nervous System
... Transmit electrochemical messages called nerve impulses to – Other neurons – Effectors (muscles or glands) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... Transmit electrochemical messages called nerve impulses to – Other neurons – Effectors (muscles or glands) © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... Cell type–specific expression of optogenetic molecules allows temporally precise manipulation of targeted neuronal activity. Here we present a toolbox of four knock-in mouse lines engineered for strong, Cre-dependent expression of channelrhodopsins ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 ...
... Cell type–specific expression of optogenetic molecules allows temporally precise manipulation of targeted neuronal activity. Here we present a toolbox of four knock-in mouse lines engineered for strong, Cre-dependent expression of channelrhodopsins ChR2-tdTomato and ChR2-EYFP, halorhodopsin eNpHR3.0 ...
SECTION A.1 – ELECTRICAL IMBALANCE IN AUTISM A. Evidence
... inhibitory neurotransmitter, constituting on average about 35% of total neurotransmitter volume in the brain.1 The brain maintains a very careful homeostatic balance between these two neurotransmitters, as they are both crucial to human function. Glutamate causes electrical signals to propagate thro ...
... inhibitory neurotransmitter, constituting on average about 35% of total neurotransmitter volume in the brain.1 The brain maintains a very careful homeostatic balance between these two neurotransmitters, as they are both crucial to human function. Glutamate causes electrical signals to propagate thro ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
Distribution and characterisation of Glucagon-like peptide
... Figure 1: GLP-1 receptor expressing cells in the CNS. A, B. Demonstrates the reporter expression in the dorsal vagal complex of the eYFP and tdRFP mice. Expression was equivalent in the area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). High levels of r ...
... Figure 1: GLP-1 receptor expressing cells in the CNS. A, B. Demonstrates the reporter expression in the dorsal vagal complex of the eYFP and tdRFP mice. Expression was equivalent in the area postrema (AP), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). High levels of r ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
... of behavioral tasks suitable for use in experimental animals. In these tasks animals are trained to make simple decisions based on sensory evidence or rewards and express these decisions through specific actions [1,2]. This strategy has been particularly fruitful in the oculomotor system, where monk ...
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... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
Anatomical organization of the central olfactory
... signal is one of the issues separating vertebrates and insects. In vertebrates, the chemosensory receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled family that generates action potentials via intracellular events (Buck & Axel, 1991). Insect odor receptors are however structurally, and genetically unrelated t ...
... signal is one of the issues separating vertebrates and insects. In vertebrates, the chemosensory receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled family that generates action potentials via intracellular events (Buck & Axel, 1991). Insect odor receptors are however structurally, and genetically unrelated t ...
1 - Projeto Andar de Novo
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
... hypothalamic molecules related to energy metabolism. We previously observed a delay in nitric oxide expression in hypothalamus. In this work we analyzed the effects of a hipoproteic diet applied to lactating rats during the first ten days of life in hypothalamic glycogen stores. Animals from P10 to ...
datos de los autores
... self-control. A child who can not sit still or is otherwise disruptive will be noticeable in school, but the inattentive daydreamer may be overlooked. The impulsive child who acts before thinking may be considered just as a discipline problem, while the passive or ...
... self-control. A child who can not sit still or is otherwise disruptive will be noticeable in school, but the inattentive daydreamer may be overlooked. The impulsive child who acts before thinking may be considered just as a discipline problem, while the passive or ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... compare motor-to-sensory circuits across different species and different levels of the nervous system, and so we use what seems to be the more general of the two terms: corollary discharge. At a mechanistic level CD can adopt one of multiple forms depending on how it is used: it can facilitate, inhi ...
... compare motor-to-sensory circuits across different species and different levels of the nervous system, and so we use what seems to be the more general of the two terms: corollary discharge. At a mechanistic level CD can adopt one of multiple forms depending on how it is used: it can facilitate, inhi ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... without light activation. To minimize behavioural adaptation to photostimulation, we limited the number of stimulation trials to 25% of the total trials, and rewarded the animal as in control trials, according to the frequency content of the stimulus. To quantify the effects of photostimulation on s ...
... without light activation. To minimize behavioural adaptation to photostimulation, we limited the number of stimulation trials to 25% of the total trials, and rewarded the animal as in control trials, according to the frequency content of the stimulus. To quantify the effects of photostimulation on s ...
Drug-drug interactions in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a
... GABAA receptors are members of the Cys-loop superfamily of pentameric polypeptide ligand-activated chloride channels. The name of the superfamily comes from the characteristic “cys-loop” found in all subunits, defined by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues separated by 13 amino acid resid ...
... GABAA receptors are members of the Cys-loop superfamily of pentameric polypeptide ligand-activated chloride channels. The name of the superfamily comes from the characteristic “cys-loop” found in all subunits, defined by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues separated by 13 amino acid resid ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... Breathing is a primal homeostatic neural process, regulating levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissues, which are crucial for life. Rhythmic respiratory movements must occur continuously throughout life and originate from neural activity generated by specially organized circuits in th ...
... Breathing is a primal homeostatic neural process, regulating levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissues, which are crucial for life. Rhythmic respiratory movements must occur continuously throughout life and originate from neural activity generated by specially organized circuits in th ...
The Science Behind the emWave® and Inner Balance™ Technologies
... significant effect on brain function – influencing emotional processing as well as higher cognitive faculties such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. In other words, not only does the heart respond to the brain, but the brain continuously responds to the heart. The effect of hear ...
... significant effect on brain function – influencing emotional processing as well as higher cognitive faculties such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. In other words, not only does the heart respond to the brain, but the brain continuously responds to the heart. The effect of hear ...
Malformations of Cortical Development (MCD): Genetic Aspects
... cells deep in the forebrain, in the ventricular and subventricular zones lining the cerebral cavity. During the second stage, cortical neurons migrate away from their place of origin: most cells migrate, along the radial glial fibres from the periventricular region towards the pial surface, where ea ...
... cells deep in the forebrain, in the ventricular and subventricular zones lining the cerebral cavity. During the second stage, cortical neurons migrate away from their place of origin: most cells migrate, along the radial glial fibres from the periventricular region towards the pial surface, where ea ...
Elapsed Decision Time Affects the Weighting of Prior
... technique, the monkeys generally did not adjust their bias immediately. Logistic regression applied to a moving window of "30 trials indicates that this adjustment took #200 trials to reach stability for the first change and #300 trials for the second, so we analyzed only the trials after these adju ...
... technique, the monkeys generally did not adjust their bias immediately. Logistic regression applied to a moving window of "30 trials indicates that this adjustment took #200 trials to reach stability for the first change and #300 trials for the second, so we analyzed only the trials after these adju ...
Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats
... CAT (PAJOVIC et al. 2006). Elevation of SOD activity, observed in this study, may indicate that this type of stress shifted brain cell-redox state towards a pro-oxidant direction. Immobilization was already shown to be a strong stressor that activates the sympathoneural and adrenomedular system thus ...
... CAT (PAJOVIC et al. 2006). Elevation of SOD activity, observed in this study, may indicate that this type of stress shifted brain cell-redox state towards a pro-oxidant direction. Immobilization was already shown to be a strong stressor that activates the sympathoneural and adrenomedular system thus ...
Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... Because of the well-defined retinotopic organization of the connections of the visual pathways, this may affect specific parts of the visual pathways and cortex, as a result of either deprivation or transsynaptic degeneration. For this reason, over the past several years, numerous structural magnetic r ...
... Because of the well-defined retinotopic organization of the connections of the visual pathways, this may affect specific parts of the visual pathways and cortex, as a result of either deprivation or transsynaptic degeneration. For this reason, over the past several years, numerous structural magnetic r ...
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... Omitting electric shocks during further odor presentations gradually restores the odor’s original hedonic valence—the aversive memory is extinguished (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). The fly thus keeps a record of its experience, which it uses to inform its actions. Olfactory-driven acti ...
... Omitting electric shocks during further odor presentations gradually restores the odor’s original hedonic valence—the aversive memory is extinguished (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). The fly thus keeps a record of its experience, which it uses to inform its actions. Olfactory-driven acti ...