Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... Because of the well-defined retinotopic organization of the connections of the visual pathways, this may affect specific parts of the visual pathways and cortex, as a result of either deprivation or transsynaptic degeneration. For this reason, over the past several years, numerous structural magnetic r ...
... Because of the well-defined retinotopic organization of the connections of the visual pathways, this may affect specific parts of the visual pathways and cortex, as a result of either deprivation or transsynaptic degeneration. For this reason, over the past several years, numerous structural magnetic r ...
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... Omitting electric shocks during further odor presentations gradually restores the odor’s original hedonic valence—the aversive memory is extinguished (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). The fly thus keeps a record of its experience, which it uses to inform its actions. Olfactory-driven acti ...
... Omitting electric shocks during further odor presentations gradually restores the odor’s original hedonic valence—the aversive memory is extinguished (Quinn et al., 1974; Tully and Quinn, 1985). The fly thus keeps a record of its experience, which it uses to inform its actions. Olfactory-driven acti ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... produced the "off" responses that were so prominent with bursts of tone characterized by fast decay times. In the present study we attempt to show that in unanesthetized cats (immobilized by a high spinal section) "off" responses are obtained under conditions in which the presence of additional spec ...
... produced the "off" responses that were so prominent with bursts of tone characterized by fast decay times. In the present study we attempt to show that in unanesthetized cats (immobilized by a high spinal section) "off" responses are obtained under conditions in which the presence of additional spec ...
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... 2. Use an iterative algorithm to match multiple spike patterns to the raw data Because every ganglion cell occupies a unique position in space, and because extracellular signals decay rapidly with distance, each ganglion cell produces a unique pattern of activity on the dense array This unique patte ...
... 2. Use an iterative algorithm to match multiple spike patterns to the raw data Because every ganglion cell occupies a unique position in space, and because extracellular signals decay rapidly with distance, each ganglion cell produces a unique pattern of activity on the dense array This unique patte ...
Cerebral Cortex
... Jeremey is a 15 year old male high school football player who was tackled during practice. Jeremey became very angry and fell to the ground with sudden onset of unconsciousness. His body stiffened with arms and legs extended. He did not breathe for about 10 seconds, then began violent rhythmic muscu ...
... Jeremey is a 15 year old male high school football player who was tackled during practice. Jeremey became very angry and fell to the ground with sudden onset of unconsciousness. His body stiffened with arms and legs extended. He did not breathe for about 10 seconds, then began violent rhythmic muscu ...
ManuscriptPTA_R1_FINAL - Spiral
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
... within the Default Mode Network can be assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can be acquired in confused patients unable to perform tasks in the scanner. Here we used this approach to test the hypothesis that the mnemonic symptoms of post-traumatic amnesia are cau ...
A flexible genetic toolkit for arthropod neurogenesis
... (modules D1 and D2) or groups of contiguous precursors can be selected (modules D3 and D4). In the arthropod neuroectoderm, different types of founder cells of the nervous system are generated over a period of time ranging from hours (e.g. in the insect D. melanogaster) to months (e.g. in the onycho ...
... (modules D1 and D2) or groups of contiguous precursors can be selected (modules D3 and D4). In the arthropod neuroectoderm, different types of founder cells of the nervous system are generated over a period of time ranging from hours (e.g. in the insect D. melanogaster) to months (e.g. in the onycho ...
Control of dopaminergic neuron survival by the unfolded protein
... dopaminergic neurons in XBP1Nes−/− SNpc by stereologic analysis at basal levels compared with littermate control animals (Fig. S1E). As a control, we determined the efficiency of the neurotoxin-induced lesion by measuring the extent of striatal denervation triggered by 6OHDA (Fig. 1C and Fig. S1C). ...
... dopaminergic neurons in XBP1Nes−/− SNpc by stereologic analysis at basal levels compared with littermate control animals (Fig. S1E). As a control, we determined the efficiency of the neurotoxin-induced lesion by measuring the extent of striatal denervation triggered by 6OHDA (Fig. 1C and Fig. S1C). ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
... rate suggests that vM1 controls these slowly varying motor parameters, as expected from previous motor cortex mapping5,8,16,18,29,39 and neurophysiological experiments5,29,39. The low sampling rate of imaging may have missed rapid modulation in neural activity29. We also quantified decoding accuranc ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... We established a relationship between cognitive deficits and cortical circuits in the LgDel model of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) —a genetic syndrome with one of the most significant risks for schizophrenia and autism. In the LgDel mouse, optimal acquisition, execution, and reversal of a visually ...
... We established a relationship between cognitive deficits and cortical circuits in the LgDel model of 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) —a genetic syndrome with one of the most significant risks for schizophrenia and autism. In the LgDel mouse, optimal acquisition, execution, and reversal of a visually ...
21. Basal ganglion
... They are corpus striatum; amygdaloid nucleus and claustrum. Its major components are caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus . These structures are involved in the control of posture and movement. They are sometimes referred to anatomically as the corpus striatum but clinically, as basal gangli ...
... They are corpus striatum; amygdaloid nucleus and claustrum. Its major components are caudate nucleus; putamen and globus pallidus . These structures are involved in the control of posture and movement. They are sometimes referred to anatomically as the corpus striatum but clinically, as basal gangli ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... cortical regions and their functional connections form a functional unit which we term the speech motor control system. The speech motor control system is engaged during even the simplest speech tasks, such as babbling, imitating or reading single syllables and words (e.g., Fiez & Petersen, 1998; Gu ...
... cortical regions and their functional connections form a functional unit which we term the speech motor control system. The speech motor control system is engaged during even the simplest speech tasks, such as babbling, imitating or reading single syllables and words (e.g., Fiez & Petersen, 1998; Gu ...
Actor-Critic Models of Reinforcement Learning in the Basal Ganglia
... Besides these neurobiological inconsistencies, some computational requirements on which numerous ActorCritic models have focused seem unnecessary for a natural reward-seeking task. For example, as Houk et al.’s model could not account for temporal characteristics of dopamine neurons firing patterns, ...
... Besides these neurobiological inconsistencies, some computational requirements on which numerous ActorCritic models have focused seem unnecessary for a natural reward-seeking task. For example, as Houk et al.’s model could not account for temporal characteristics of dopamine neurons firing patterns, ...
Neurologic Manifestations of Hypoglycemia
... of non-fasters.40 Although abstinence from caffeine and nicotine was observed in the fasting group, this did not appear to have an influence on headache. A questionnaire given to 91 participants who had observed a complete fast on the first day of Ramadan and 25 who had not found 41% of the fasting ...
... of non-fasters.40 Although abstinence from caffeine and nicotine was observed in the fasting group, this did not appear to have an influence on headache. A questionnaire given to 91 participants who had observed a complete fast on the first day of Ramadan and 25 who had not found 41% of the fasting ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... bar-pressing task requiring a win– stay/lose –shift strategy. We found that optogenetic inhibition during action selection in the time segment preceding a lever press had no effect on performance. However, inhibition occurring in the time segment during feedback of results—whether rewards or nonrewa ...
... bar-pressing task requiring a win– stay/lose –shift strategy. We found that optogenetic inhibition during action selection in the time segment preceding a lever press had no effect on performance. However, inhibition occurring in the time segment during feedback of results—whether rewards or nonrewa ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
actively spiking compared with non-spiking human epileptic
... aspartic acid produces both seizures and morphological changes in the hippocampus which were qualitatively similar to the changes observed in temporal lobe of epileptic patients. Similarly, Piredda and Gale' have recently demonstrated the ability of aspartic acid to induce bilateral motor seizures w ...
... aspartic acid produces both seizures and morphological changes in the hippocampus which were qualitatively similar to the changes observed in temporal lobe of epileptic patients. Similarly, Piredda and Gale' have recently demonstrated the ability of aspartic acid to induce bilateral motor seizures w ...
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with
... exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in humans14 at a range of propagating speeds that were consistent across subjects. However, as both LFPs and VSD measure aggregate potent ...
... exhibit phase gradients that indicate planar propagating waves along what we define as a beta wave axis, a rostro–caudal axis in monkeys13 and a medio–lateral axis in humans14 at a range of propagating speeds that were consistent across subjects. However, as both LFPs and VSD measure aggregate potent ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience
... Compare the size amd the relative amounts of gray and white matter at the four levels of the spinal cord so that you can identify the spinal level when shown a cross-section of the cord. ...
... Compare the size amd the relative amounts of gray and white matter at the four levels of the spinal cord so that you can identify the spinal level when shown a cross-section of the cord. ...
Lower activation in the right frontoparietal network during a counting
... effects on functional time series was corrected by a first-degree autoregressive (AR1) model. Group analyses were performed at the random-effects level. In a first level analysis, time series were modeled under the Stroop condition using a boxcar function convolved with the hemodynamic response functi ...
... effects on functional time series was corrected by a first-degree autoregressive (AR1) model. Group analyses were performed at the random-effects level. In a first level analysis, time series were modeled under the Stroop condition using a boxcar function convolved with the hemodynamic response functi ...
Analysis of Firing Correlations Between Sympathetic Premotor
... axon. Both neurons were proven bulbospinal in the cases of 14/32 pairs, and in a further five cases, the second unit showed a constant latency response to spinal stimulation although formal collision tests were not concluded. In two animals, whole nerve activity was also recorded from the left (ipsi ...
... axon. Both neurons were proven bulbospinal in the cases of 14/32 pairs, and in a further five cases, the second unit showed a constant latency response to spinal stimulation although formal collision tests were not concluded. In two animals, whole nerve activity was also recorded from the left (ipsi ...
LESSON 4.3 WORKBOOK What makes us go to sleep, and what
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
... When we are awake and alert, most of the neurons in our brain – especially those in our forebrain – are active, which enables us to pay attention to sensory information, to think about what we are perceiving, to retrieve and think about memories, and to engage in the variety of behaviors that we hav ...
annual report 2004 - OV Lounasmaa Laboratory
... our new premises, finally started in November about one year behind the original schedule. The LTL will move into the new premises, recently renamed as Nanotalo, in April 2007. The new performance-based salary system, UPJ, will phase out the old age-based system in 2006. The first steps towards the ...
... our new premises, finally started in November about one year behind the original schedule. The LTL will move into the new premises, recently renamed as Nanotalo, in April 2007. The new performance-based salary system, UPJ, will phase out the old age-based system in 2006. The first steps towards the ...