Synaptic Depression and the Temporal Response Characteristics of
... a few Hertz and fall rapidly to zero above ;10 Hz. This might give the impression that cortical neurons act as low-pass filters of the sensory stimuli that drive them. However, the same neurons can exhibit vigorous responses to transients, such as rapid stimulus onsets, that have much of their power ...
... a few Hertz and fall rapidly to zero above ;10 Hz. This might give the impression that cortical neurons act as low-pass filters of the sensory stimuli that drive them. However, the same neurons can exhibit vigorous responses to transients, such as rapid stimulus onsets, that have much of their power ...
ANS notes filled
... Both pre- and postganglionic fibers are cholinergic. As Ach is rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase, it does not have a chance to diffuse from the synapse. Parasympathetic effects tend to be localized and short in duration. ...
... Both pre- and postganglionic fibers are cholinergic. As Ach is rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase, it does not have a chance to diffuse from the synapse. Parasympathetic effects tend to be localized and short in duration. ...
The Mirror System, Imitation, and the Evolution of Language
... basic mechanism not originally related to communication: the mirror system for grasping with its capacity to generate and recognize a set of actions. The second half of the paper then takes us "Beyond the Mirror", offering further hypotheses on the evolution of language which take us up the hierarch ...
... basic mechanism not originally related to communication: the mirror system for grasping with its capacity to generate and recognize a set of actions. The second half of the paper then takes us "Beyond the Mirror", offering further hypotheses on the evolution of language which take us up the hierarch ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... spontaneous oscillatory cycle so that activity following the IPSP occurs within a relatively narrow time window (a, 50 superimposed sweeps; b, two representative sweeps, one in black and one in green). (c,d) The inter-spike intervals associated with relatively small IPSPs are of similar duration reg ...
... spontaneous oscillatory cycle so that activity following the IPSP occurs within a relatively narrow time window (a, 50 superimposed sweeps; b, two representative sweeps, one in black and one in green). (c,d) The inter-spike intervals associated with relatively small IPSPs are of similar duration reg ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... With the development of techniques for recording neuronal action potentials and the subsequent application of these techniques to the study of the mammalian visual system, the field of visual science underwent a paradigm shift. Fundamental to the conduct and interpretation of neurophysiological expe ...
... With the development of techniques for recording neuronal action potentials and the subsequent application of these techniques to the study of the mammalian visual system, the field of visual science underwent a paradigm shift. Fundamental to the conduct and interpretation of neurophysiological expe ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... and the findings support the embryogenesis that failure of decussation of neurons and axons from cere- ...
... and the findings support the embryogenesis that failure of decussation of neurons and axons from cere- ...
Lecture #1 - University of Utah
... Lecture #9: Properties of Sensory systems I. Performance: Sensitivity - eg. Vision: 10-15 photons audition: 10nm movement of eardrum Dynamic Range - auditory : 1012 (120 dB) Discrimination/Recognition- eg. Face recognition/Discrimination II. Sensory Specificity: “Law of specific Nerve Energies” (mu ...
... Lecture #9: Properties of Sensory systems I. Performance: Sensitivity - eg. Vision: 10-15 photons audition: 10nm movement of eardrum Dynamic Range - auditory : 1012 (120 dB) Discrimination/Recognition- eg. Face recognition/Discrimination II. Sensory Specificity: “Law of specific Nerve Energies” (mu ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... properties of a neuron. Nonetheless, even when only a single current is modulated by a neurotransmitter, there can be a non-straightforward relationship between modulation of that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maxim ...
... properties of a neuron. Nonetheless, even when only a single current is modulated by a neurotransmitter, there can be a non-straightforward relationship between modulation of that current and the neuron’s firing properties. This can occur because there is a non-trivial relationship between the maxim ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... classic bottom-up processing toward contextual processing with top-down and horizontal modulation contributing. These latter effects provide evidence for long-range interactions between neurons relevant to figure–ground segregation and pop-out by brightness, color, orientation, texture, motion, and d ...
... classic bottom-up processing toward contextual processing with top-down and horizontal modulation contributing. These latter effects provide evidence for long-range interactions between neurons relevant to figure–ground segregation and pop-out by brightness, color, orientation, texture, motion, and d ...
Cetacean Brain Evolution: Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) and
... cranial nerves in most odontocetes; here, it might comprise several times more axons than in the human [cf. Oelschläger and Oelschläger, 2009]. Although the giant sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has been investigated regarding the gross morphology of the adult brain by Ries and Langworthy [1937 ...
... cranial nerves in most odontocetes; here, it might comprise several times more axons than in the human [cf. Oelschläger and Oelschläger, 2009]. Although the giant sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) has been investigated regarding the gross morphology of the adult brain by Ries and Langworthy [1937 ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... activated to negative or aversive emotional events or by situations where the outcome does not match the initial expectation, suggesting a role in transmitting antireward and aversive information (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007, 2009). LHb neurons are connected to GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial ...
... activated to negative or aversive emotional events or by situations where the outcome does not match the initial expectation, suggesting a role in transmitting antireward and aversive information (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007, 2009). LHb neurons are connected to GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial ...
`What` and `where` in the human brain
... selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, much of the neural mechanism for both object vision and spatial vision can be viewed as a ‘bottom-up’ process subserved by feedforward projections between successive ...
... selectivity has also been reported for parietal neurons, these neurons demonstrate even more complex spatial properties 127,281. Thus, much of the neural mechanism for both object vision and spatial vision can be viewed as a ‘bottom-up’ process subserved by feedforward projections between successive ...
Full text
... common localization of GnRH and NPY containg neurons especially in IN and ME was shown [2, 14]. This neuroanatomical colocalization implicates some physiological interactions which are associated with hormone release. Recently, Advis et al. [1] showed, using the push-pull technique, that NPY release ...
... common localization of GnRH and NPY containg neurons especially in IN and ME was shown [2, 14]. This neuroanatomical colocalization implicates some physiological interactions which are associated with hormone release. Recently, Advis et al. [1] showed, using the push-pull technique, that NPY release ...
Data Supplement
... session, and only once for third and fourth training sessions. Baseline was obtained from the last training run. Post stroke testing was performed with one run per mouse. Ladder test performance was scored as the percent correct steps and the total number of left front foot missteps. Automated gait ...
... session, and only once for third and fourth training sessions. Baseline was obtained from the last training run. Post stroke testing was performed with one run per mouse. Ladder test performance was scored as the percent correct steps and the total number of left front foot missteps. Automated gait ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... lateral movement of the left arm as if to block a threat. The movement is fast, reliable across trials, and can be evoked even when the animal is anesthetized. Chemical inhibition of this cortical region results in a temporary reduction of a normal defensive reaction such as to an air puff, and chem ...
... lateral movement of the left arm as if to block a threat. The movement is fast, reliable across trials, and can be evoked even when the animal is anesthetized. Chemical inhibition of this cortical region results in a temporary reduction of a normal defensive reaction such as to an air puff, and chem ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Expression in the Brain of the Teleost
... FROM S. KARGER AG, BASEL I nor and ANY Dragunow, McAllister et al., CONSENT 1999; SchinWritten permission to distribute the PDF will be granted against payment of a permission fee, wh der and Poo, 2000]. Because these are functions that are likely to be required by neurons recovering from injury, ne ...
... FROM S. KARGER AG, BASEL I nor and ANY Dragunow, McAllister et al., CONSENT 1999; SchinWritten permission to distribute the PDF will be granted against payment of a permission fee, wh der and Poo, 2000]. Because these are functions that are likely to be required by neurons recovering from injury, ne ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... weight. Injections were given once every 2 hr over an 8-hr period. Birds were sacrificed 1 to 2 weeks after the last injection, to allow cells dividing at the time of injection to begin expressing neuronal markers and neuronal morphology (Gould, Reeves, Graziano, & Gross, 1999). At the time of sacri ...
... weight. Injections were given once every 2 hr over an 8-hr period. Birds were sacrificed 1 to 2 weeks after the last injection, to allow cells dividing at the time of injection to begin expressing neuronal markers and neuronal morphology (Gould, Reeves, Graziano, & Gross, 1999). At the time of sacri ...
Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective
... molecules that might augment either process. This was based on pulse-chase experiments with a single injection of BrdU, under identical conditions to our screen, which revealed that 40% of newborn cells in the SGZ die within the first 5 days after their birth (Figure S1A available online). ICV infus ...
... molecules that might augment either process. This was based on pulse-chase experiments with a single injection of BrdU, under identical conditions to our screen, which revealed that 40% of newborn cells in the SGZ die within the first 5 days after their birth (Figure S1A available online). ICV infus ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... three di¡erent steady-state depolarizations. Figure 5B shows that the sine wave frequency at the end of the 1:1 regime (critical frequency) increased as a function of the steady-state depolarization for six di¡erent neurons (represented by di¡erent symbols). Comparing the critical frequency in respo ...
... three di¡erent steady-state depolarizations. Figure 5B shows that the sine wave frequency at the end of the 1:1 regime (critical frequency) increased as a function of the steady-state depolarization for six di¡erent neurons (represented by di¡erent symbols). Comparing the critical frequency in respo ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
... Hopkins University vivarium until they were 24 months old. For euthanasia, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused transcardially with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). After 24 hours of postfixation at 4 C, brains were moved into 10% glycerol ...
Excellence in Clinical Neurosurgery: Practice and Judgment Make
... Or take for example the incredible athletic abilities of Roger Federer, famed tennis player, whose tennis form is considered the best the world has seen. Federer was born in Binningen, Switzerland, in 1981, and played tennis seriously from 8 years of age. An all-court player, Federer shows uncommon ...
... Or take for example the incredible athletic abilities of Roger Federer, famed tennis player, whose tennis form is considered the best the world has seen. Federer was born in Binningen, Switzerland, in 1981, and played tennis seriously from 8 years of age. An all-court player, Federer shows uncommon ...
excitation and inhibition of the reflex eye withdrawal of the crab
... long burst but has a shorter tail. The interburst interval can be as short as 2 sec. or longer than 50 sec. but is more often between 6 and 20 sec. A histogram of 420 consecutive interburst intervals shows the characteristic variation in one preparation (Fig. 1). The mode lies at 7 sec. and the dist ...
... long burst but has a shorter tail. The interburst interval can be as short as 2 sec. or longer than 50 sec. but is more often between 6 and 20 sec. A histogram of 420 consecutive interburst intervals shows the characteristic variation in one preparation (Fig. 1). The mode lies at 7 sec. and the dist ...
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review
... roles of the frontal lobes, and provides a conceptual framework for organizing this disparate body of work. ...
... roles of the frontal lobes, and provides a conceptual framework for organizing this disparate body of work. ...