The resting membrane potential - Lectures For UG-5
... dendrites or cell body is summed spatially and temporally, and if the summed response is large enough to pass the threshold by the time it reaches axon hillock, an action potential will be generated at axon hillock. • The axon hillock has the lowest threshold in the neuron because this region has a ...
... dendrites or cell body is summed spatially and temporally, and if the summed response is large enough to pass the threshold by the time it reaches axon hillock, an action potential will be generated at axon hillock. • The axon hillock has the lowest threshold in the neuron because this region has a ...
Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue
... little movement of K+ or other ions across plasma membrane (Movement of K out through leakage channels = movement of ions is due to attraction to trapped proteins: N.B. leakage channels work in both directions. Movement of ions depends upon concentration gradient.) • Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ do not have a ...
... little movement of K+ or other ions across plasma membrane (Movement of K out through leakage channels = movement of ions is due to attraction to trapped proteins: N.B. leakage channels work in both directions. Movement of ions depends upon concentration gradient.) • Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ do not have a ...
ppt
... Synaptic Potentials •Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP) •triggered by excitatory neurotransmitters •open ligand-gated Na+ channels •allows Na+ to flow inside the cell •causing a slight depolarization of the postsynaptic cell •moves the postsynaptic cell closer to firing an action potential ...
... Synaptic Potentials •Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP) •triggered by excitatory neurotransmitters •open ligand-gated Na+ channels •allows Na+ to flow inside the cell •causing a slight depolarization of the postsynaptic cell •moves the postsynaptic cell closer to firing an action potential ...
Year 12 Biology Preparation Milestone Task Cell Membranes
... Cell membranes are described as ____________ _______________ since some things are able to pass through while others cannot. There are many ways in which substances can cross the ______ ________________. Some very small, uncharged molecules like _____________ and carbon dioxide can pass through by d ...
... Cell membranes are described as ____________ _______________ since some things are able to pass through while others cannot. There are many ways in which substances can cross the ______ ________________. Some very small, uncharged molecules like _____________ and carbon dioxide can pass through by d ...
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport
... 1. Use arrows to indicate the direction of diffusion in each case: is a molecule that can pass through the cell membrane. is a cell membrane. A) ...
... 1. Use arrows to indicate the direction of diffusion in each case: is a molecule that can pass through the cell membrane. is a cell membrane. A) ...
The Cell Membrane
... • Marker proteins extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell. The immune system uses these proteins to tell friendly cells from foreign invaders. They are as unique as fingerprints. They play an important role in organ transplants. If the marker proteins on a transplanted organ ...
... • Marker proteins extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell. The immune system uses these proteins to tell friendly cells from foreign invaders. They are as unique as fingerprints. They play an important role in organ transplants. If the marker proteins on a transplanted organ ...
namimg compounds
... In the early days of chemistry, there was no system for the naming of compounds. Chemists used common names like bicarb of soda, quicklime, milk of magnesia, Epsom salts, spirits of salt, and laughing gas to describe compounds. As the number of named compounds increased it was obvious that if such c ...
... In the early days of chemistry, there was no system for the naming of compounds. Chemists used common names like bicarb of soda, quicklime, milk of magnesia, Epsom salts, spirits of salt, and laughing gas to describe compounds. As the number of named compounds increased it was obvious that if such c ...
Ch. 5 Cell Transport - Green Local Schools
... Channel is usually specific to 1 type of ion Common ions: ...
... Channel is usually specific to 1 type of ion Common ions: ...
Midterm 1 - studyfruit
... ● brain is hollow on the inside with caverns that form the ventricular system ● produces the cerebrospinal fluid that helps protect the brain in the arachnoid ...
... ● brain is hollow on the inside with caverns that form the ventricular system ● produces the cerebrospinal fluid that helps protect the brain in the arachnoid ...
Nervous System
... The two major ions are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Sodium diffuses out of the neuron, and Potassium diffuses into the neuron.The two ions cross the membrane through channel proteins (3). Some channel proteins never shut, so the ions diffuse through them all the time. Other channel proteins act ...
... The two major ions are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Sodium diffuses out of the neuron, and Potassium diffuses into the neuron.The two ions cross the membrane through channel proteins (3). Some channel proteins never shut, so the ions diffuse through them all the time. Other channel proteins act ...
Diffusion
... 1. Use arrows to indicate the direction of diffusion in each case: is a molecule that can pass through the cell membrane. is a cell membrane. A) ...
... 1. Use arrows to indicate the direction of diffusion in each case: is a molecule that can pass through the cell membrane. is a cell membrane. A) ...
Slide 1 - AccessPharmacy
... Two types of ion channels regulated by receptors and drugs. A. Diagram of a voltage-activated Na+ channel with the pore in the open and closed state. The pore-forming P loops are shown in blue, angled into the pore to form the selectivity filter. The S4 helices forming the voltage sensor are shown i ...
... Two types of ion channels regulated by receptors and drugs. A. Diagram of a voltage-activated Na+ channel with the pore in the open and closed state. The pore-forming P loops are shown in blue, angled into the pore to form the selectivity filter. The S4 helices forming the voltage sensor are shown i ...
The Periodic Table: Chapter 8
... insignificant: 1.02 x 10-10 for Na+ versus 1.38 x 10-10 m for K+. However, the pore (or opening) in sodium channels is just wide enough to accommodate a sodium ion and one associated water molecule. The pore is too small for a watercomplexed potassium ion! Interestingly, potassium channels also use ...
... insignificant: 1.02 x 10-10 for Na+ versus 1.38 x 10-10 m for K+. However, the pore (or opening) in sodium channels is just wide enough to accommodate a sodium ion and one associated water molecule. The pore is too small for a watercomplexed potassium ion! Interestingly, potassium channels also use ...
Here - Chris Elliott
... about 3 ionic charges Also measure using asymmetry of positive and negative pulses, so may be called asymmetry current ...
... about 3 ionic charges Also measure using asymmetry of positive and negative pulses, so may be called asymmetry current ...
Online Activity: Types of Transport
... 5. Circle the correct answer: Cytoplasm could also be called extracellular fluid / intracellular fluid. Click on “Lipid Bilayer” and read the paragraphs. 6. The lipid bilayer is the major component of the plasma or cell membrane. What two characteristics of a molecule would NOT let it pass through t ...
... 5. Circle the correct answer: Cytoplasm could also be called extracellular fluid / intracellular fluid. Click on “Lipid Bilayer” and read the paragraphs. 6. The lipid bilayer is the major component of the plasma or cell membrane. What two characteristics of a molecule would NOT let it pass through t ...
Nerve Cells
... • An electric potential exists across the plasma membrane because of ion gradients • Resting potential is about – 60 mV owing to the large number of open potassium channels • Voltage-gated channels allow the transmission of the electrical impulses • Action Potential – Na+ channels open allowing Na+ ...
... • An electric potential exists across the plasma membrane because of ion gradients • Resting potential is about – 60 mV owing to the large number of open potassium channels • Voltage-gated channels allow the transmission of the electrical impulses • Action Potential – Na+ channels open allowing Na+ ...
Acid-Base Theories Arrhenius Acids and Bases • An acid is a
... between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor. ...
... between an electron-pair donor and an electron-pair acceptor. ...
Cell membrane transport white board activity
... chromatin/DNA, cilia, flagella). 2. Diagram a phospholipid bilayer, and explain why the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. 3. Define turgor pressure, plasmolysis, and how it affects plants, and plant cells. 4. Know the difference between passive and active transport, define the three types of ...
... chromatin/DNA, cilia, flagella). 2. Diagram a phospholipid bilayer, and explain why the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. 3. Define turgor pressure, plasmolysis, and how it affects plants, and plant cells. 4. Know the difference between passive and active transport, define the three types of ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.