Organelle Functions Organelle Function Sketch Nucleus Control
... Transport protein: Proteins in the cell membrane that allow for larger molecules to move in and out of cells ...
... Transport protein: Proteins in the cell membrane that allow for larger molecules to move in and out of cells ...
active transport by pumps- abc transporter, symports
... The pump binds 2 extra cellular K+ ions. This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, transporting the K+ ions into the cell. The unphosphorylated form of the pump has a higher affinity for Na+ ions than K+ ions, so the two bound K+ ions are relea ...
... The pump binds 2 extra cellular K+ ions. This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, transporting the K+ ions into the cell. The unphosphorylated form of the pump has a higher affinity for Na+ ions than K+ ions, so the two bound K+ ions are relea ...
Cell - Government Medical College , Surat. (Home)
... - Driven by the concentration gradient - Occurs from higher conc. to lower conc. - Not require energy 2 Facilitated diffusion - Carrier Mediated - Not require energy - Fast than simple diffusion - Depend on concentration gradiant - Structurally similar solute can competitively inhibit - Bi-direction ...
... - Driven by the concentration gradient - Occurs from higher conc. to lower conc. - Not require energy 2 Facilitated diffusion - Carrier Mediated - Not require energy - Fast than simple diffusion - Depend on concentration gradiant - Structurally similar solute can competitively inhibit - Bi-direction ...
Lidocaine: a Common Local Anaesthetic How does it work and how
... Figure 3: Composition of the cell wall ( is lidocaine) If we look at an expansion of (C) then we can see how the membrane that defines the surface of the cell is composed (Figure 3). It can be seen that it is a bilayer of molecules that are very polar (hydrophilic) at one end and fatty (lipophilic) ...
... Figure 3: Composition of the cell wall ( is lidocaine) If we look at an expansion of (C) then we can see how the membrane that defines the surface of the cell is composed (Figure 3). It can be seen that it is a bilayer of molecules that are very polar (hydrophilic) at one end and fatty (lipophilic) ...
Cell Membranes
... ACTIVE TRANSPORT Requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration Free energy often from ATP Uses membrane proteins ...
... ACTIVE TRANSPORT Requires energy to move molecules from low to high concentration Free energy often from ATP Uses membrane proteins ...
electrochemical impulse - Glebe
... o E.g. warm water = low frequency, hot water = high frequency 2. Different neurons have different thresholds o E.g. water at 40°C will cause one neuron to reach threshold level, but water at 60°C may cause two or more o Brain distinguishes between neural impulses Synaptic Transmission Neurons can ...
... o E.g. warm water = low frequency, hot water = high frequency 2. Different neurons have different thresholds o E.g. water at 40°C will cause one neuron to reach threshold level, but water at 60°C may cause two or more o Brain distinguishes between neural impulses Synaptic Transmission Neurons can ...
Plasma membrane
... (concentrated). ▫ Facilitated diffusion: A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy. Carrier proteins: Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in t ...
... (concentrated). ▫ Facilitated diffusion: A process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy. Carrier proteins: Proteins embedded in the plasma membrane involved in t ...
Cell Structure and Function Study Guide
... Passive Transport □ Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion □ Use solute and/or solvent to determine solution concentration □ Be able to define and correctly use the following terms as they relate to cell transport: diffusion, osmosis, concentration gradient, equilibrium, s ...
... Passive Transport □ Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion □ Use solute and/or solvent to determine solution concentration □ Be able to define and correctly use the following terms as they relate to cell transport: diffusion, osmosis, concentration gradient, equilibrium, s ...
Lessons 1
... The end of the record (B) can be fitted by a first-order equation but a third- or fourth-order equation is needed to describe the beginning (A) A useful simplification is achieved by supposing that gk is proportional to the fourth power of a variable which obeys a first-order equation n is a dimensi ...
... The end of the record (B) can be fitted by a first-order equation but a third- or fourth-order equation is needed to describe the beginning (A) A useful simplification is achieved by supposing that gk is proportional to the fourth power of a variable which obeys a first-order equation n is a dimensi ...
Chapter 4
... • Receptor proteins - recognize and bind to neurotransmitters or other chemicals • Pump proteins - exchange one type of substance for another • Polarity - intracellular fluid in more negatively charged than the extracellular fluid which has more positively charged ions; • Difference in polarity is c ...
... • Receptor proteins - recognize and bind to neurotransmitters or other chemicals • Pump proteins - exchange one type of substance for another • Polarity - intracellular fluid in more negatively charged than the extracellular fluid which has more positively charged ions; • Difference in polarity is c ...
Cell Membrane - Hicksville Public Schools / Homepage
... Mosaic : because it is made of many pieces http://home.earthlink.net/~shalpine/anim/Life/memb.htm ...
... Mosaic : because it is made of many pieces http://home.earthlink.net/~shalpine/anim/Life/memb.htm ...
The Cell Membrane
... 1) Diffusion – movement of a substance through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. ...
... 1) Diffusion – movement of a substance through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. ...
Cell Membrane - Dickinson ISD
... Hypertonic solution – a solution with a higher concentration of solute than water. Hypotonic solution – a solution with a lower concentration than water. These solutions drive osmosis because osmosis does not require energy. ...
... Hypertonic solution – a solution with a higher concentration of solute than water. Hypotonic solution – a solution with a lower concentration than water. These solutions drive osmosis because osmosis does not require energy. ...
Membrane Proteins
... downhill transport of the red cation with rates being limited by diffusion through the selectivity filter. Right: The different principles of gated channels and an active transporter. The transporter (bottom) is represented as an inverted dimer, providing a simple basis for the design of inward and ...
... downhill transport of the red cation with rates being limited by diffusion through the selectivity filter. Right: The different principles of gated channels and an active transporter. The transporter (bottom) is represented as an inverted dimer, providing a simple basis for the design of inward and ...
SCIENCE 10: Chemical Reactions – Atomic Structure
... The element copper forms two different compounds with chlorine. Chlorine always forms a 1- ion. Copper can form either a 1+ ion or a 2+ ion. CuCl = copper (I) chloride CuCl2 = copper (II) chloride Naming Ionic Compounds: (p.194) o Metal name first, non-metal name second o Change the ending of the ...
... The element copper forms two different compounds with chlorine. Chlorine always forms a 1- ion. Copper can form either a 1+ ion or a 2+ ion. CuCl = copper (I) chloride CuCl2 = copper (II) chloride Naming Ionic Compounds: (p.194) o Metal name first, non-metal name second o Change the ending of the ...
9.3 Synaptic Transmission
... neurons are needed to create an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. ...
... neurons are needed to create an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. ...
Neuroglia - wsscience
... 1. Input Zone: the ligand-gated ion channels are activated by neurotransmitters, or ligands, and secreted by presynaptic terminals. This activation creates a postsynaptic potential. 2. Integrative Zone: summates the postsynaptic potentials and initiates an action potential. Action potential depends ...
... 1. Input Zone: the ligand-gated ion channels are activated by neurotransmitters, or ligands, and secreted by presynaptic terminals. This activation creates a postsynaptic potential. 2. Integrative Zone: summates the postsynaptic potentials and initiates an action potential. Action potential depends ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.