1. What does it mean to be a selective person? 2. Which organelle
... http://ourphysiologygroup.wikispaces.com/03+Cells+Interaction+with+Environment ...
... http://ourphysiologygroup.wikispaces.com/03+Cells+Interaction+with+Environment ...
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE (1 point each)
... 9. Ganglion cells in the retina are the only kind of sensory neurons in the body that have oncenter/off-surround receptive fields. 10. Olfactory sensor cells that bind to odorants synapse directly onto the brain. 11. If an individual ate a spoonful of sugar, only one specific region of the tongue wo ...
... 9. Ganglion cells in the retina are the only kind of sensory neurons in the body that have oncenter/off-surround receptive fields. 10. Olfactory sensor cells that bind to odorants synapse directly onto the brain. 11. If an individual ate a spoonful of sugar, only one specific region of the tongue wo ...
Cell Physiology
... inside. This gradient represents a storehouse of energy because the excess sodium outside the cell membrane is always attempting to diffuse to the interior. Under appropriate conditions, this diffusion energy of sodium can pull other substances along with the sodium through the cell membrane. This p ...
... inside. This gradient represents a storehouse of energy because the excess sodium outside the cell membrane is always attempting to diffuse to the interior. Under appropriate conditions, this diffusion energy of sodium can pull other substances along with the sodium through the cell membrane. This p ...
Chapter 4: Ecosystems - Blair Community Schools
... a. chain of sugars acts like a marker to identify type of cell ...
... a. chain of sugars acts like a marker to identify type of cell ...
CHAPTER 7
... ACTIVE TRANSPORT [Lower] → [Higher]; Energy required ~ allows cell to maintain internal conditions that differ from environment Ex: Normal animal cell- higher K+/lower Na+ inside Two forces drive movement (~ electrochemical gradient) 1. chemical force (concentration gradient) 2. electrical force (m ...
... ACTIVE TRANSPORT [Lower] → [Higher]; Energy required ~ allows cell to maintain internal conditions that differ from environment Ex: Normal animal cell- higher K+/lower Na+ inside Two forces drive movement (~ electrochemical gradient) 1. chemical force (concentration gradient) 2. electrical force (m ...
File
... Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane due to a difference in concentration. • There is a net movement of water and changes in solute concentration on both sides of the membrane ...
... Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane due to a difference in concentration. • There is a net movement of water and changes in solute concentration on both sides of the membrane ...
Nervous System and Neuron
... - cytoplasm has many negatively charged molecules such as Cl- ions (inside is negatively charged at rest) - difference in charge causes voltage of -70 mV ...
... - cytoplasm has many negatively charged molecules such as Cl- ions (inside is negatively charged at rest) - difference in charge causes voltage of -70 mV ...
Biology AP
... Compare the signaling mechanisms of hydrophilic cell signals and hydrophobic cell signals. Identify the major molecules involved in the second messenger system: signal, signal receptor, GTP, G-proteins and G-protein linked receptor. Explain a model that expresses the steps of signal transduction pat ...
... Compare the signaling mechanisms of hydrophilic cell signals and hydrophobic cell signals. Identify the major molecules involved in the second messenger system: signal, signal receptor, GTP, G-proteins and G-protein linked receptor. Explain a model that expresses the steps of signal transduction pat ...
Introduction to the nervous system
... stimulated to release the charge. • The potential for a neuron is between 50 and 100 mV • With an exception of an excess of negatively charged ions inside the cell membrane • Created by a transport protein called the sodium-potassium pump • It moves large numbers of sodium ions (Na+) outside the cel ...
... stimulated to release the charge. • The potential for a neuron is between 50 and 100 mV • With an exception of an excess of negatively charged ions inside the cell membrane • Created by a transport protein called the sodium-potassium pump • It moves large numbers of sodium ions (Na+) outside the cel ...
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... A cell membrane has other types of molecules embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. List a function of each type of molecule in the table below. Molecule 7. Cholesterol 8. Proteins 9. Carbohydrates ...
... A cell membrane has other types of molecules embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. List a function of each type of molecule in the table below. Molecule 7. Cholesterol 8. Proteins 9. Carbohydrates ...
Nervous Systems
... ACTION POTENTIAL • Step 1: Neuron is in the resting potential, the gatedion channels are closed • Step 2: A stimulus causes some Na+ ion channels to open allowing Na+ to diffuse through the membrane. This causes the membrane to be depolarized. The depolarization causes even more Na+ ion channels to ...
... ACTION POTENTIAL • Step 1: Neuron is in the resting potential, the gatedion channels are closed • Step 2: A stimulus causes some Na+ ion channels to open allowing Na+ to diffuse through the membrane. This causes the membrane to be depolarized. The depolarization causes even more Na+ ion channels to ...
Nerves, Hormones, and Homeostasis
... • The Resting Potential for a human neuron is about -70 millivolts • This means the inside of the membrane is more negatively charged than the outside ...
... • The Resting Potential for a human neuron is about -70 millivolts • This means the inside of the membrane is more negatively charged than the outside ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.