Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
... Fahrig 1985, Verboom et al. 1991, Verboom and Lankester 1991). It is because over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial hetero ...
... Fahrig 1985, Verboom et al. 1991, Verboom and Lankester 1991). It is because over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial hetero ...
Mycorrhizal fungal establishment in agricultural soils: factors
... will be better able to reach conspecific strains. This will increase the volume of soil and plant ...
... will be better able to reach conspecific strains. This will increase the volume of soil and plant ...
Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional
... honey bees’ pollination effectiveness on hybrid sunflowers (Greenleaf and Kremen 2006). Interspecific competition should force species to reduce niche overlap with coexisting species (interspecific repulsion), which may be realized by niche contraction or niche shifts (Morse 1974). Thus pollinators may ...
... honey bees’ pollination effectiveness on hybrid sunflowers (Greenleaf and Kremen 2006). Interspecific competition should force species to reduce niche overlap with coexisting species (interspecific repulsion), which may be realized by niche contraction or niche shifts (Morse 1974). Thus pollinators may ...
Potential problems of removing one invasive species at a time
... and (2) if the invasive species overlapped in their native ranges (Tables S1 and S2). We recorded the following descriptive variables: (1) invasive species studied; (2) native species studied; (3) location of study; (4) habitat type (forest, wetland, freshwater, garrigue). We estimated mean effect s ...
... and (2) if the invasive species overlapped in their native ranges (Tables S1 and S2). We recorded the following descriptive variables: (1) invasive species studied; (2) native species studied; (3) location of study; (4) habitat type (forest, wetland, freshwater, garrigue). We estimated mean effect s ...
Ragnar Arnason*
... This paper considers the optimal utilization and management of ecosystem fisheries. It is divided into two main sections. In the first section, a general aggregative ecosystem fishery model is developed and its properties analysed. A major result of this part of the paper is that ecosystem fisheries ...
... This paper considers the optimal utilization and management of ecosystem fisheries. It is divided into two main sections. In the first section, a general aggregative ecosystem fishery model is developed and its properties analysed. A major result of this part of the paper is that ecosystem fisheries ...
The interaction between predation and competition: a review and
... P. Hämback and A. Beckerman (unpublished observations) present a similar review of studies focused more specifically on the effect of herbivory on plant competition. Although these results are consistent with theory, for many fitness measures there are statistical as well as biological causes under ...
... P. Hämback and A. Beckerman (unpublished observations) present a similar review of studies focused more specifically on the effect of herbivory on plant competition. Although these results are consistent with theory, for many fitness measures there are statistical as well as biological causes under ...
The interaction between predation and competition: a review and
... P. Hämback and A. Beckerman (unpublished observations) present a similar review of studies focused more specifically on the effect of herbivory on plant competition. Although these results are consistent with theory, for many fitness measures there are statistical as well as biological causes under ...
... P. Hämback and A. Beckerman (unpublished observations) present a similar review of studies focused more specifically on the effect of herbivory on plant competition. Although these results are consistent with theory, for many fitness measures there are statistical as well as biological causes under ...
Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Community
... model that explains the data well, in which redundant parameters have been removed. I achieved this by fitting the maximal model and then simplifying it through the following steps; I removed non-informative interaction terms, quadratic terms, and explanatory variables via stepwise forward/backward ...
... model that explains the data well, in which redundant parameters have been removed. I achieved this by fitting the maximal model and then simplifying it through the following steps; I removed non-informative interaction terms, quadratic terms, and explanatory variables via stepwise forward/backward ...
Strasbourg, 22 May 2002
... invertebrates have short life cycles, high rates of fecundity and mortality, and dispersive forms in some stages of their life cycles. Hence invertebrate population dynamics, distributions and phenology can respond rapidly to changes in climatic conditions. Furthermore, invertebrate communities are ...
... invertebrates have short life cycles, high rates of fecundity and mortality, and dispersive forms in some stages of their life cycles. Hence invertebrate population dynamics, distributions and phenology can respond rapidly to changes in climatic conditions. Furthermore, invertebrate communities are ...
effects of grazer richness and composition on algal biomass in a
... Local communities consisting of multispecies assemblages that are linked by dispersal can be defined as a metacommunity (Wilson 1992, Leibold et al. 2004). In this framework, patches of local species assemblages interact with regional biota, resulting in spatial dynamics that affect local species div ...
... Local communities consisting of multispecies assemblages that are linked by dispersal can be defined as a metacommunity (Wilson 1992, Leibold et al. 2004). In this framework, patches of local species assemblages interact with regional biota, resulting in spatial dynamics that affect local species div ...
Diversity, evolutionary specialization and geographic distribution of
... into an internode, which she then seals from inside. Colony foundation is thus claustral and we do not yet know whether the queen uses any food resources inside the plant during that time (such as pith). When the first small workers emerge, they reopen the entrance or chew new holes. The ants live m ...
... into an internode, which she then seals from inside. Colony foundation is thus claustral and we do not yet know whether the queen uses any food resources inside the plant during that time (such as pith). When the first small workers emerge, they reopen the entrance or chew new holes. The ants live m ...
- Wiley Online Library
... in this species makes it possible to insert specific constructs into their genome, and the establishment of transgenic lines is facilitated by their very rapid generation time, which can be as short as 1 month. This makes Nothobranchius species particularly suited for investigating biological and mo ...
... in this species makes it possible to insert specific constructs into their genome, and the establishment of transgenic lines is facilitated by their very rapid generation time, which can be as short as 1 month. This makes Nothobranchius species particularly suited for investigating biological and mo ...
Plant genotype and nitrogen loading influence seagrass productivity
... genetic variation relative to environmental stressors will also be important for prioritizing conservation and management resources. Seagrass beds provide a model ecosystem in which to examine the relative importance of genetic vs. environmental variation in influencing ecosystem functioning. These w ...
... genetic variation relative to environmental stressors will also be important for prioritizing conservation and management resources. Seagrass beds provide a model ecosystem in which to examine the relative importance of genetic vs. environmental variation in influencing ecosystem functioning. These w ...
Dynamic Energy Budget model parameter estimation for the bivalve
... dynamics of growth, survival, and reproductive potential in this species thus has significant implications for predicting how changes in the physical environment due to climate change and other stressors will likely affect intertidal ecosystem dynamics. While the physiology of M. californianus has be ...
... dynamics of growth, survival, and reproductive potential in this species thus has significant implications for predicting how changes in the physical environment due to climate change and other stressors will likely affect intertidal ecosystem dynamics. While the physiology of M. californianus has be ...
Information Sheet on Network Sites - East Asian
... floating leaves, such as Nymphaea nouchali and Trapa maximowiczii. In all, more than 200 plant species have been recorded, including exotics such as Waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, which fortunately is not common in the area. The haor is cyclone prone as it located at the foothills of the Khasi ...
... floating leaves, such as Nymphaea nouchali and Trapa maximowiczii. In all, more than 200 plant species have been recorded, including exotics such as Waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, which fortunately is not common in the area. The haor is cyclone prone as it located at the foothills of the Khasi ...
Small Mammals in Mbeere, Kenya
... of loss and modification of these habitats is land use practice and has increasingly been implicated in declining biodiversity in recent decades (Soul’e, 1991). Direct loss of species from land varying in use may result from altered habitat conditions or may occur indirectly when animals move out in ...
... of loss and modification of these habitats is land use practice and has increasingly been implicated in declining biodiversity in recent decades (Soul’e, 1991). Direct loss of species from land varying in use may result from altered habitat conditions or may occur indirectly when animals move out in ...
Australia ) in Varanus gouldii mosaic burning and varanid lizards
... Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park in which two Martu communities (Parnngurr and Punmu) are located. Martu foraging data are available from 347 sample days and 4461 focal person-hours of search and pursuit in hunting and collecting (all seasons, June 2000 – September 2010). The hunting returns ...
... Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park in which two Martu communities (Parnngurr and Punmu) are located. Martu foraging data are available from 347 sample days and 4461 focal person-hours of search and pursuit in hunting and collecting (all seasons, June 2000 – September 2010). The hunting returns ...
IUCN Guidelines for the Prevention of
... plants, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. They have invaded and affected native biota in virtually every ecosystem type on Earth. Hundreds of extinctions have been caused by alien invasives. The ecological cost is the irretrievable loss of native species and ecosystems. I ...
... plants, invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. They have invaded and affected native biota in virtually every ecosystem type on Earth. Hundreds of extinctions have been caused by alien invasives. The ecological cost is the irretrievable loss of native species and ecosystems. I ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ignores such interactions. It also poses an empirical problem for those wanting to develop quantitative models of large food webs that are known or suspected to include interaction modifications. Suggestions that community ecology is too difficult to be worth pursuing have been made without even consi ...
... ignores such interactions. It also poses an empirical problem for those wanting to develop quantitative models of large food webs that are known or suspected to include interaction modifications. Suggestions that community ecology is too difficult to be worth pursuing have been made without even consi ...
iucn guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss
... is now acknowledged by scientists and governments to be biological invasions caused by alien invasive species. The impacts of alien invasive species are immense, insidious, and usually irreversible. They may be as damaging to native species and ecosystems on a global scale as the loss and degradatio ...
... is now acknowledged by scientists and governments to be biological invasions caused by alien invasive species. The impacts of alien invasive species are immense, insidious, and usually irreversible. They may be as damaging to native species and ecosystems on a global scale as the loss and degradatio ...
The role of intra-specific trait variability in plankton biodiversity: a
... individual level: feeding, motility, resource uptake, sex ...
... individual level: feeding, motility, resource uptake, sex ...
Introduction
... of degraded karst ecosystems. Karst restoration has become the core issue in research related to environmental changes in karst areas. With the implementation of the World Heritage List and Rocky Desertification Project in recent years, the number of related research papers has shown rapid growth an ...
... of degraded karst ecosystems. Karst restoration has become the core issue in research related to environmental changes in karst areas. With the implementation of the World Heritage List and Rocky Desertification Project in recent years, the number of related research papers has shown rapid growth an ...
JMS 70_3 257-261 eyh028 FINAL
... end of summer to late autumn (Sgro et al., 2002); later juveniles will settle onto the bottom during winter, just when pleustophytic macroalgae start their growing season (Viaroli, Pugnetti & Ferrari, 1992). Spat and dispersing post-larvae may actively recruit where macroalgal mats are developing be ...
... end of summer to late autumn (Sgro et al., 2002); later juveniles will settle onto the bottom during winter, just when pleustophytic macroalgae start their growing season (Viaroli, Pugnetti & Ferrari, 1992). Spat and dispersing post-larvae may actively recruit where macroalgal mats are developing be ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
... to waste, therefore, to ensure your success in this program and on the AP exam in May we need to start with some work this summer. The following is a list of required assignments to do over the summer: Text Book: Biology 7th Edition by Campbell, Reece, Mitchell ©2005 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint ...
... to waste, therefore, to ensure your success in this program and on the AP exam in May we need to start with some work this summer. The following is a list of required assignments to do over the summer: Text Book: Biology 7th Edition by Campbell, Reece, Mitchell ©2005 by Benjamin Cummings, an imprint ...
Allee Effects, Immigration, and the Evolution of Species
... Allee effects, where death rates decline (or birth rates increase) with increasing abundance. A large and growing list of mechanisms are known to generate Allee effects (see “Discussion”). There has been a recent explosion of interest in the ecological importance of Allee effects (e.g., Courchamp et ...
... Allee effects, where death rates decline (or birth rates increase) with increasing abundance. A large and growing list of mechanisms are known to generate Allee effects (see “Discussion”). There has been a recent explosion of interest in the ecological importance of Allee effects (e.g., Courchamp et ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.