Population demographics and trade
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
... hierarchical levels. These forces are the result of internal and external conditions or limiting factors, mechanisms, processes and interactions. These may be broadly classified into abiotic (landscape) and biotic forces, where the latter can be subdivided into intraspecific (on the levels of genes, ...
... hierarchical levels. These forces are the result of internal and external conditions or limiting factors, mechanisms, processes and interactions. These may be broadly classified into abiotic (landscape) and biotic forces, where the latter can be subdivided into intraspecific (on the levels of genes, ...
Modeling Dynamics of Patchy Landscapes: Linking Metapopulation
... competition, predator-prey interactions, plant succession, spread of disturbance, nutrient dynamics, etc. Process modifies existing pattern and creates new pattern; pattern enhances or constrains ecological processes. Because of the dual relationship, ecologists must link pattern and process in thei ...
... competition, predator-prey interactions, plant succession, spread of disturbance, nutrient dynamics, etc. Process modifies existing pattern and creates new pattern; pattern enhances or constrains ecological processes. Because of the dual relationship, ecologists must link pattern and process in thei ...
Alternative Dynamic Regimes and Trophic Control of Plant Succession
... cycling (Uriarte 2000). Old field successional dynamics are ideally studied by following the chronological progression of species change at a specific location (Smith 1996). But, this requires long-term study because succession requires decades to play itself out completely. This limitation can be o ...
... cycling (Uriarte 2000). Old field successional dynamics are ideally studied by following the chronological progression of species change at a specific location (Smith 1996). But, this requires long-term study because succession requires decades to play itself out completely. This limitation can be o ...
Chapter 53
... that identical communities do not develop in identical habitats. Each pond had a unique species assemblage. • The overall message of research on community structure suggests that Clements’ position was too extreme; Gleason’s view is closer to accurate. • Although both biotic interactions and climate ...
... that identical communities do not develop in identical habitats. Each pond had a unique species assemblage. • The overall message of research on community structure suggests that Clements’ position was too extreme; Gleason’s view is closer to accurate. • Although both biotic interactions and climate ...
Predators, parasitoids and pathogens: species richness, trophic
... Herbivore feeding style is one of many factors that aect trophic interactions in insect communities. Body size is also important. For example, large predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators (Cohen et al. 1993a). Body size is one of the most obvious features of a ...
... Herbivore feeding style is one of many factors that aect trophic interactions in insect communities. Body size is also important. For example, large predators eat prey with a wider range of body sizes than do smaller predators (Cohen et al. 1993a). Body size is one of the most obvious features of a ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... size distributions in tree communities, which are often studied using demographic models [46]. Originally, tree ISDs were characterized as either negative exponentials or power laws [47,48]. However, recent work suggests these distributions may deviate from these simple models, especially in the lar ...
... size distributions in tree communities, which are often studied using demographic models [46]. Originally, tree ISDs were characterized as either negative exponentials or power laws [47,48]. However, recent work suggests these distributions may deviate from these simple models, especially in the lar ...
Lepomis cyanellus (Rafinesque, 1819)
... In streams where L. cyanellus has been introduced in California, it is believed to have helped deplete the California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus (CABI, 2013). L. cyanellus along with other predatory fish species is also thought to be responsible for the decline of native frogs and salamanders ...
... In streams where L. cyanellus has been introduced in California, it is believed to have helped deplete the California roach, Hesperoleucus symmetricus (CABI, 2013). L. cyanellus along with other predatory fish species is also thought to be responsible for the decline of native frogs and salamanders ...
Natural and Sexual Selection Giveth and Taketh Away Reproductive
... Adaptive divergence in male color might influence several potential reproductive barriers between high- and lowpredation guppy populations. Of most relevance here are interactions that occur in high-predation sites—because ongoing dispersal generally occurs from low-predation sites above waterfalls ...
... Adaptive divergence in male color might influence several potential reproductive barriers between high- and lowpredation guppy populations. Of most relevance here are interactions that occur in high-predation sites—because ongoing dispersal generally occurs from low-predation sites above waterfalls ...
Research paper: Biotic Homogenisation
... assess the degree of floral homogenisation of understory communities between 1950 and 2000. By incorporating changes in both species occurrence and relative abundance, the authors found that two-thirds of the sites had become more similar in their composition as a result of declines in rare species ...
... assess the degree of floral homogenisation of understory communities between 1950 and 2000. By incorporating changes in both species occurrence and relative abundance, the authors found that two-thirds of the sites had become more similar in their composition as a result of declines in rare species ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning - annurev-ecolsys
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...
Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
... Species interactions and differential species responses to the environment ensure that the assemblage is always dynamic. Compensation and compensatory dynamics refer to particular modes of change in response to the environment that have distinct literatures. They are highly interrelated concepts tha ...
... Species interactions and differential species responses to the environment ensure that the assemblage is always dynamic. Compensation and compensatory dynamics refer to particular modes of change in response to the environment that have distinct literatures. They are highly interrelated concepts tha ...
Macrobenthic community structure of soft-bottom sediments Lefrere L.
... a sand bottom and a low specific richness. These sites are located in the downstream part of the lagoon, where the values of temperature and salinity are fairly close to oceanic values. Therefore, in these four stations, there are only two species of Polychaetes and five species of molluscs. This gr ...
... a sand bottom and a low specific richness. These sites are located in the downstream part of the lagoon, where the values of temperature and salinity are fairly close to oceanic values. Therefore, in these four stations, there are only two species of Polychaetes and five species of molluscs. This gr ...
English
... The CBD parties agreed to a new set of twenty biodiversity targets for the period 2011-2020, referred to as the Aichi targets (CBD 2010). On request of the CBD, GEO BON prepared an assessment of the adequacy of observation systems to provide the data needed for these targets (GEO BON 2011). It concl ...
... The CBD parties agreed to a new set of twenty biodiversity targets for the period 2011-2020, referred to as the Aichi targets (CBD 2010). On request of the CBD, GEO BON prepared an assessment of the adequacy of observation systems to provide the data needed for these targets (GEO BON 2011). It concl ...
Habitat selection as a major resource partitioning mechanism
... dley 0882^ Kalko 0884^ Arita 0886#\ but they both represent indirect approaches since they consider the attributes through which organisms acquire resources rather than resource acquisition per se "i[e[ they use mere characters\ and infer mechanisms from patterns^ Wiens 0878#[ For instance\ a spacin ...
... dley 0882^ Kalko 0884^ Arita 0886#\ but they both represent indirect approaches since they consider the attributes through which organisms acquire resources rather than resource acquisition per se "i[e[ they use mere characters\ and infer mechanisms from patterns^ Wiens 0878#[ For instance\ a spacin ...
Interactions Between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Other
... University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK (Received for publication 11 Januar y 2000; revised manuscript accepted 30 July 2000) ...
... University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK (Received for publication 11 Januar y 2000; revised manuscript accepted 30 July 2000) ...
Primary consumers
... • Interspecific interactions can be classified according to the effect on the populations concerned. – –/– interactions occur when two populations in a community compete for a common resource. – +/+ interactions are mutually beneficial, such as between plants and their pollinators. – +/– interactio ...
... • Interspecific interactions can be classified according to the effect on the populations concerned. – –/– interactions occur when two populations in a community compete for a common resource. – +/+ interactions are mutually beneficial, such as between plants and their pollinators. – +/– interactio ...
chapter 53
... • Possible interspecific interactions are introduced in Table 53.1, and are symbolized by the positive or negative affect of the interaction on the individual populations. ...
... • Possible interspecific interactions are introduced in Table 53.1, and are symbolized by the positive or negative affect of the interaction on the individual populations. ...
Symbiosis Activity
... Two individuals of the same or different species may interact in a variety of different ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact ...
... Two individuals of the same or different species may interact in a variety of different ways. A very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact ...
Plant–soil feedbacks: connecting ecosystem ecology and evolution
... Key-words: above-ground–below-ground relationships, eco-evolutionary dynamics, ecosystem ecology, G 9 G interactions, plant–soil feedback, selection, soil gradients, soil microbes Introduction Plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) have important evolutionary implications because they are associated with change ...
... Key-words: above-ground–below-ground relationships, eco-evolutionary dynamics, ecosystem ecology, G 9 G interactions, plant–soil feedback, selection, soil gradients, soil microbes Introduction Plant–soil feedbacks (PSF) have important evolutionary implications because they are associated with change ...
Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of Biodiversity Dynamics
... of diaspores, mainly as seeds conveyed by wind or water from other sites, subsequently leading to an increase in diversity. Nomadic plants with anemochoric seeds are often the first colonisers of these areas. During primary succession initial soil formation occurs, facilitating the establishment of ...
... of diaspores, mainly as seeds conveyed by wind or water from other sites, subsequently leading to an increase in diversity. Nomadic plants with anemochoric seeds are often the first colonisers of these areas. During primary succession initial soil formation occurs, facilitating the establishment of ...
Spatiotemporal variations in aphidparasitoid relative abundance
... the structure of communities is an important objective of both theoretical and applied ecology (Nowicki et al. 2009). In agricultural ecosystems, human activities have led to an increase in the amount of habitat disturbance events affecting the structure of resident communities. Species face locally ...
... the structure of communities is an important objective of both theoretical and applied ecology (Nowicki et al. 2009). In agricultural ecosystems, human activities have led to an increase in the amount of habitat disturbance events affecting the structure of resident communities. Species face locally ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Further
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... alters local resource availability, which may drive species turnover (17–19). Early successional forests are typically dominated by species with acquisitive traits, such as low WSG and high specific leaf area (SLA), which enable rapid growth, resource capture, and high fitness under conditions of hi ...
... alters local resource availability, which may drive species turnover (17–19). Early successional forests are typically dominated by species with acquisitive traits, such as low WSG and high specific leaf area (SLA), which enable rapid growth, resource capture, and high fitness under conditions of hi ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.