![Ch 27](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015437014_1-a7ae92ed8ebf605f4806602ca666e92e-300x300.png)
Ch 27
... exclusion principle by carefully observing five species of North American warbler – These birds all hunt for insects and nest in the same type of eastern spruce tree – MacArthur found that each species concentrates its search for food in specific regions within spruce trees, employs different huntin ...
... exclusion principle by carefully observing five species of North American warbler – These birds all hunt for insects and nest in the same type of eastern spruce tree – MacArthur found that each species concentrates its search for food in specific regions within spruce trees, employs different huntin ...
Mechanical vulnerability explains sizedependent mortality of reef
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. ...
... This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. ...
The role of interspecific competition and hybridization in phenotypic
... processes. I found a complex pattern of sympatric convergence, divergence and parallel shifts in the different traits and species. This complexity may be a result of the interplay between gene flow and divergent and convergent natural selection affecting the traits. However, the Spanish sparrow stoo ...
... processes. I found a complex pattern of sympatric convergence, divergence and parallel shifts in the different traits and species. This complexity may be a result of the interplay between gene flow and divergent and convergent natural selection affecting the traits. However, the Spanish sparrow stoo ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97
... Thus, for each species and impact type, we indicated the existing information types. Where multiple information types existed, all were indicated; if no information was available for a particular impact type, we entered a zero. The methods yielding these information types differ in the inferences th ...
... Thus, for each species and impact type, we indicated the existing information types. Where multiple information types existed, all were indicated; if no information was available for a particular impact type, we entered a zero. The methods yielding these information types differ in the inferences th ...
Colonisation of toxic environments drives predictable lifehistory
... rather than a continuous variable in all statistical analyses. Because species with larger adult female body size tend to exhibit larger offspring size at birth and greater fecundity (e.g. Jennions & Telford 2002), we conducted phylogenetic size correction following Revell (2009). We calculated resi ...
... rather than a continuous variable in all statistical analyses. Because species with larger adult female body size tend to exhibit larger offspring size at birth and greater fecundity (e.g. Jennions & Telford 2002), we conducted phylogenetic size correction following Revell (2009). We calculated resi ...
Intra-host competition between co-infecting digeneans within a bivalve second intermediate host: dominance by priority-effect or taking advantage of others?
... For experimental infection, cockles were placed individually in plastic cylindrical containers (60 mm high 40 mm wide) and completely covered with fine sand so that only the cockle’s siphons would protrude above the substrate. The container was then filled with seawater to a depth of 15 mm above the ...
... For experimental infection, cockles were placed individually in plastic cylindrical containers (60 mm high 40 mm wide) and completely covered with fine sand so that only the cockle’s siphons would protrude above the substrate. The container was then filled with seawater to a depth of 15 mm above the ...
Definitions of terms relating to biological diversity
... of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generations; in this way a coral head is formed. After many centuries of such building a reef is formed. Corio ...
... of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generations; in this way a coral head is formed. After many centuries of such building a reef is formed. Corio ...
In biology/ecology, parasitism is a non
... In response to parasitic attack, plants undergo a series of metabolic and biochemical reaction pathways that will enact defensive responses. For example, parasitic invasion causes an increase in the jasmonic acid-insensitivel (JA) and NahG (SA) pathway.[28] These pathways produce chemicals that indu ...
... In response to parasitic attack, plants undergo a series of metabolic and biochemical reaction pathways that will enact defensive responses. For example, parasitic invasion causes an increase in the jasmonic acid-insensitivel (JA) and NahG (SA) pathway.[28] These pathways produce chemicals that indu ...
Ecological processes regulating geographic distributions of
... habitats can restrict the distribution of a species. Biotic, interspecific interactions can also restrict where a species can occur. The lack of adaptation to a change in environmental characteristics has long been understood to prohibit colonization of novel habitats. In this case, the genetic vari ...
... habitats can restrict the distribution of a species. Biotic, interspecific interactions can also restrict where a species can occur. The lack of adaptation to a change in environmental characteristics has long been understood to prohibit colonization of novel habitats. In this case, the genetic vari ...
the ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity
... accelerating effects of human activities on biodiversity and the possibility that the loss of biodiversity might impact ecosystem functioning (e.g., Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1981, Wilson 1992) renewed interest in the effects of diversity on ecosystem processes (Schulze and Mooney 1993) and on ecosystem s ...
... accelerating effects of human activities on biodiversity and the possibility that the loss of biodiversity might impact ecosystem functioning (e.g., Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1981, Wilson 1992) renewed interest in the effects of diversity on ecosystem processes (Schulze and Mooney 1993) and on ecosystem s ...
Effect of segregation and genetic exchange on arbuscular
... Correlation between fungal colonization and plant growth Combined with the results of Angelard et al. (2010) on the dry weight of the plants, we found significant, positive correlations between rice dry weight and arbuscular colonization, for both the genetic exchange and the segregation experiments ...
... Correlation between fungal colonization and plant growth Combined with the results of Angelard et al. (2010) on the dry weight of the plants, we found significant, positive correlations between rice dry weight and arbuscular colonization, for both the genetic exchange and the segregation experiments ...
the economics of biodiversity
... The conservation of biodiversity is a major environmental issue, one that promises to remain at or near the top of the environmental agenda for the foreseeable future. The loss of biodiversity affects human welfare as well as being lamentable for its own sake. Humans depend on natural systems to pro ...
... The conservation of biodiversity is a major environmental issue, one that promises to remain at or near the top of the environmental agenda for the foreseeable future. The loss of biodiversity affects human welfare as well as being lamentable for its own sake. Humans depend on natural systems to pro ...
Transgenic Crops: Implications for Biodiversity and Sustainable
... are not taken into account by corporations when conducting voluntary tests for environmental risk assessment. Wolfenbarger and Phifer (2000) also concluded that key experiments on environmental risks and benefits of GM crops are lacking. It is such weakness of regulatory and biosafety measures in th ...
... are not taken into account by corporations when conducting voluntary tests for environmental risk assessment. Wolfenbarger and Phifer (2000) also concluded that key experiments on environmental risks and benefits of GM crops are lacking. It is such weakness of regulatory and biosafety measures in th ...
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... are not taken into account by corporations when conducting voluntary tests for environmental risk assessment. Wolfenbarger and Phifer (2000) also concluded that key experiments on environmental risks and benefits of GM crops are lacking. It is such weakness of regulatory and biosafety measures in th ...
... are not taken into account by corporations when conducting voluntary tests for environmental risk assessment. Wolfenbarger and Phifer (2000) also concluded that key experiments on environmental risks and benefits of GM crops are lacking. It is such weakness of regulatory and biosafety measures in th ...
predicting coexistence in species with continuous ontogenetic niche
... part of the niche that is shared across body sizes, and the sensitivity of fitness to body size. When ...
... part of the niche that is shared across body sizes, and the sensitivity of fitness to body size. When ...
The effect of obligate hyperparasitoids on biological control: Differential
... -At low hyperparasitism, C. vestalis limited hosts available to competitors. -As C. vestalis population declined, competitors parasitized more of available hosts. -Species that are invulnerable to hyperparasitism took over role of the vulnerable. Graphical abstract ...
... -At low hyperparasitism, C. vestalis limited hosts available to competitors. -As C. vestalis population declined, competitors parasitized more of available hosts. -Species that are invulnerable to hyperparasitism took over role of the vulnerable. Graphical abstract ...
Considering ecological dynamics in resource selection functions
... Concern over lack of ecological theory behind operational application of the RSF is not new. Boyce & McDonald (1999), in promoting the link between habitat and populations via the RSF, noted that lack of theory in habitat ecology was an inherent result of the complexity of how animals use habitat, w ...
... Concern over lack of ecological theory behind operational application of the RSF is not new. Boyce & McDonald (1999), in promoting the link between habitat and populations via the RSF, noted that lack of theory in habitat ecology was an inherent result of the complexity of how animals use habitat, w ...
Considering ecological dynamics in resource selection functions
... Concern over lack of ecological theory behind operational application of the RSF is not new. Boyce & McDonald (1999), in promoting the link between habitat and populations via the RSF, noted that lack of theory in habitat ecology was an inherent result of the complexity of how animals use habitat, w ...
... Concern over lack of ecological theory behind operational application of the RSF is not new. Boyce & McDonald (1999), in promoting the link between habitat and populations via the RSF, noted that lack of theory in habitat ecology was an inherent result of the complexity of how animals use habitat, w ...
Defining Biodiversity Assessing Biodiversity
... Nevertheless, the term biodiversity has remained remarkably vague and its measurement equally capricious. Is allelic diversity part of biodiversity? Or only species? What about individual differences? Do we have to worry about community structure? Is the number of species the appropriate measure? D ...
... Nevertheless, the term biodiversity has remained remarkably vague and its measurement equally capricious. Is allelic diversity part of biodiversity? Or only species? What about individual differences? Do we have to worry about community structure? Is the number of species the appropriate measure? D ...
Toju 1..11 - Science Advances
... their pollinating and seed-dispersing agents because mycorrhizal fungi form physiologically intimate associations with host plants and some can simultaneously interact with more than one host individual (11, 12). Furthermore, because the symbiosis of plants and root-associated fungi originated early ...
... their pollinating and seed-dispersing agents because mycorrhizal fungi form physiologically intimate associations with host plants and some can simultaneously interact with more than one host individual (11, 12). Furthermore, because the symbiosis of plants and root-associated fungi originated early ...
Pelagic Biogeography - Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research
... of pelagic biogeographic regions or provinces as used by various authors. To have done so would have greatly increased the size of the Glossary, we believe to the detriment of its usefulness. Every term we list can be found in use in the literature and defined elsewhere. We have invented nothing, sa ...
... of pelagic biogeographic regions or provinces as used by various authors. To have done so would have greatly increased the size of the Glossary, we believe to the detriment of its usefulness. Every term we list can be found in use in the literature and defined elsewhere. We have invented nothing, sa ...
Niche saturation reveals resource partitioning among consumers
... attributed to resource partitioning. However, experimentally demonstrating this role of resource partitioning in diverse communities has been difficult. We used an experimental response-surface design, varying intra- and interspecific consumer densities, to compare patterns of resource exploitation ...
... attributed to resource partitioning. However, experimentally demonstrating this role of resource partitioning in diverse communities has been difficult. We used an experimental response-surface design, varying intra- and interspecific consumer densities, to compare patterns of resource exploitation ...
Wulff 2005l - FSU Biology
... habitats. Distinctive sponge faunas of Caribbean coral reefs and mangroves seem to support the assumption that abiotic factors determine sponge diversity within habitats and faunal differences between habitats because these habitats differ greatly in abiotic characteristics and because lower species ...
... habitats. Distinctive sponge faunas of Caribbean coral reefs and mangroves seem to support the assumption that abiotic factors determine sponge diversity within habitats and faunal differences between habitats because these habitats differ greatly in abiotic characteristics and because lower species ...
Evaluating the role of the dingo as a trophic
... Harlow (unpub. 2005) have documented a similar pattern in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. The lower abundance and altered habitat use of coyotes in an area frequented by wolves was associated with higher rates of capture of small mammals, presumably because coyotes consume more small prey than ...
... Harlow (unpub. 2005) have documented a similar pattern in Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming. The lower abundance and altered habitat use of coyotes in an area frequented by wolves was associated with higher rates of capture of small mammals, presumably because coyotes consume more small prey than ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.