![The spatial distribution of African savannah herbivores](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013439833_1-44645aa646e1ef43341b7152d4a88fe8-300x300.png)
The spatial distribution of African savannah herbivores
... variables (e.g. [17–19]). In conjunction with fine-scale timeseries measurements, occupancy modelling can also address ecological questions involving population dynamics and species relationships, such as how species respond to resource availability and whether species associations (positive or nega ...
... variables (e.g. [17–19]). In conjunction with fine-scale timeseries measurements, occupancy modelling can also address ecological questions involving population dynamics and species relationships, such as how species respond to resource availability and whether species associations (positive or nega ...
Cultural Niche Construction: An Introduction - synergy
... This is not meant to imply that niche construction theory (NCT) always anticipates a perfect synergy between the features of an organism and the factors in its selective environment. It does not. In criticizing static adaptivelandscape concepts prevalent in evolutionary biology, the father of NCT, R ...
... This is not meant to imply that niche construction theory (NCT) always anticipates a perfect synergy between the features of an organism and the factors in its selective environment. It does not. In criticizing static adaptivelandscape concepts prevalent in evolutionary biology, the father of NCT, R ...
Combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival and
... usually more closely resemble the range of conditions encountered by organisms in natural habitats, but they often entail logistical and / or time constraints and the interpretation of the results can be more complicated. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on tolerance, survival and re ...
... usually more closely resemble the range of conditions encountered by organisms in natural habitats, but they often entail logistical and / or time constraints and the interpretation of the results can be more complicated. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on tolerance, survival and re ...
i THE EVOLUTION OF SPECIES’ GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE LIMITS:
... The abundant center distribution and range limits The most influential assumption of species’ geographical distributions is the ‘abundant center’ model (ACM; Sagarin and Gaines 2002a). This hypothesis is based on the observation that some species are distributed with highest frequency or abundance t ...
... The abundant center distribution and range limits The most influential assumption of species’ geographical distributions is the ‘abundant center’ model (ACM; Sagarin and Gaines 2002a). This hypothesis is based on the observation that some species are distributed with highest frequency or abundance t ...
Chapter 54
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Deakin Research Online - DRO
... generalized response shapes from the literature. The occurrence of 16 species was significantly influenced by time since fire: they displayed six main responses consistent with generalized response shapes. Of these 16 species, 15 occurred more frequently in mid- or later-successional vegetation (.20 ye ...
... generalized response shapes from the literature. The occurrence of 16 species was significantly influenced by time since fire: they displayed six main responses consistent with generalized response shapes. Of these 16 species, 15 occurred more frequently in mid- or later-successional vegetation (.20 ye ...
Flora – Nationally Vulnerable species
... (http://www..nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/birds/australian_bustard_ vu.pdf) ........................................................................................................................... 24 Conservation status .......................................................... ...
... (http://www..nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/birds/australian_bustard_ vu.pdf) ........................................................................................................................... 24 Conservation status .......................................................... ...
Body size evolution in insular vertebrates: generality of the island rule
... As with a mariner shipwrecked near a coast, it would have been better for the good swimmers if they had been able to swim still further, whereas it would have been better for the bad swimmers if they had not been able to swim at all and had stuck to the wreck. Many of the remarkable and apparently a ...
... As with a mariner shipwrecked near a coast, it would have been better for the good swimmers if they had been able to swim still further, whereas it would have been better for the bad swimmers if they had not been able to swim at all and had stuck to the wreck. Many of the remarkable and apparently a ...
Lesson Overview - Enfield High School
... Primary and Secondary Succession Every organism changes the environment it lives in. As one species alters its environment, other species find it easier to compete for resources and survive. For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, other plants can colonize and grow. As organic ...
... Primary and Secondary Succession Every organism changes the environment it lives in. As one species alters its environment, other species find it easier to compete for resources and survive. For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, other plants can colonize and grow. As organic ...
Importance of large carnivores for species diversity and top down
... (Cervus elaphus) population density, aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix spp.) recruitment and browse intensity, beaver (Castor canadensis) density as well as riparian songbird diversity (evenness and abundance). They found evidence that supported a trophic cascade caused by wolves’ presen ...
... (Cervus elaphus) population density, aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix spp.) recruitment and browse intensity, beaver (Castor canadensis) density as well as riparian songbird diversity (evenness and abundance). They found evidence that supported a trophic cascade caused by wolves’ presen ...
Disturbance, Diversity, and Invasion: Implications for
... natural enemies, or competitors in ways that alter survival and fecundity. Temporal and spatial scale are clearly important in our recognition of the "discreteness" of a disturbance event, as nearly any ecological or biogeochemical process might fall under the last, most inclusive definition. Picket ...
... natural enemies, or competitors in ways that alter survival and fecundity. Temporal and spatial scale are clearly important in our recognition of the "discreteness" of a disturbance event, as nearly any ecological or biogeochemical process might fall under the last, most inclusive definition. Picket ...
Genetic Biodiversity Recommendations of the European Platform for
... of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generations; in this way a coral head is formed. After many centuries of such building a reef is formed. Corio ...
... of their nutrition from symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae, which give the coral its characteristic colour. Successive generations of individuals build their skeletons on those of earlier generations; in this way a coral head is formed. After many centuries of such building a reef is formed. Corio ...
1 - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... better methodology (Rodwell 1991-2000). However, the value of such exercises is mainly as a tool ...
... better methodology (Rodwell 1991-2000). However, the value of such exercises is mainly as a tool ...
10/4/06 version
... What rules are we searching for, and how? ............................................................................... 3 ...
... What rules are we searching for, and how? ............................................................................... 3 ...
REVIEW ARTICLE A research strategy for
... account of 100 questions of importance to the conservation of global biodiversity (Sutherland et al. 2009) and key research questions identified to manage non-indigenous species (Byers et al. 2002). Hitherto unpublished information was gleaned from 140 presentations at an international conference on ...
... account of 100 questions of importance to the conservation of global biodiversity (Sutherland et al. 2009) and key research questions identified to manage non-indigenous species (Byers et al. 2002). Hitherto unpublished information was gleaned from 140 presentations at an international conference on ...
Living together: behavior and welfare in single and mixed species
... Sodaro [1999] emphasizes that the successful formation of a mixed species troop does not guarantee long term advantages. Sodaro notes that in comparison with traditional housing of single species groups of primates, mixed species troops may require higher levels of monitoring to ensure welfare is no ...
... Sodaro [1999] emphasizes that the successful formation of a mixed species troop does not guarantee long term advantages. Sodaro notes that in comparison with traditional housing of single species groups of primates, mixed species troops may require higher levels of monitoring to ensure welfare is no ...
Ecology
... Smaller and more frequent disturbances, such as a tree blowing down, can open patches of resources for other individuals. A mosaic of disturbed patches can promote species diversity over time, but might not lead to much successional change. ...
... Smaller and more frequent disturbances, such as a tree blowing down, can open patches of resources for other individuals. A mosaic of disturbed patches can promote species diversity over time, but might not lead to much successional change. ...
Experimental Tests of the Dependence of Arthropod Diversity on Plant Diversity
... from the random species draw subexperiment. In order to test whether rare arthropod species were causing these responses, we repeated these analyses using total effective arthropod species richness (e H′ where H′ ⫽ Shannon’s index) as the response variable. We repeated analyses using observed plant ...
... from the random species draw subexperiment. In order to test whether rare arthropod species were causing these responses, we repeated these analyses using total effective arthropod species richness (e H′ where H′ ⫽ Shannon’s index) as the response variable. We repeated analyses using observed plant ...
Coprophilic dipteran community associated with horse
... Introduction The Diptera, or known as two-winged flies, is one of the largest orders of Insecta and can be found almost ubiquitously on Earth (Triplehorn and Johnson, 2005). Members of Diptera play variety of roles in ecosystem either as pollinators, nutrient recyclers, or carrion decomposers (Borke ...
... Introduction The Diptera, or known as two-winged flies, is one of the largest orders of Insecta and can be found almost ubiquitously on Earth (Triplehorn and Johnson, 2005). Members of Diptera play variety of roles in ecosystem either as pollinators, nutrient recyclers, or carrion decomposers (Borke ...
Healthy Aquatic Ecosystems
... But regardless of their scale, these systems share common elements. All have biological, chemical, and physical components that interact and react to one another and to other influences over time. Aquatic ecosystems are those ecosystems occurring in or on water or its beds and shores, including its ...
... But regardless of their scale, these systems share common elements. All have biological, chemical, and physical components that interact and react to one another and to other influences over time. Aquatic ecosystems are those ecosystems occurring in or on water or its beds and shores, including its ...
Untitled - Vermont Fish and Wildlife
... aspect, and landscape position. Slope refers to the amount of incline at a particular location and is usually measured in degrees. The steepness of slope is closely related to soil development and drainage. We define cliffs as exposed bedrock with slopes greater than 60 degrees. There is practically ...
... aspect, and landscape position. Slope refers to the amount of incline at a particular location and is usually measured in degrees. The steepness of slope is closely related to soil development and drainage. We define cliffs as exposed bedrock with slopes greater than 60 degrees. There is practically ...
Oulanka Research Station, FINLAND September 8th – 11th, 2014
... laboratory-based research for predicting the likely effects of biodiversity loss in nature remains unclear, given the high degree of spatio-temporal dynamism in both environmental conditions and community composition and diversity that characterises stream environments. Indeed, after a decade of lab ...
... laboratory-based research for predicting the likely effects of biodiversity loss in nature remains unclear, given the high degree of spatio-temporal dynamism in both environmental conditions and community composition and diversity that characterises stream environments. Indeed, after a decade of lab ...
The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation
... size. At the extreme, this exposes populations to an increased risk of local extinction (Hanski & Ovaskainen, 2000). The underlying mechanisms driving this relationship can be divided into four categories – environmental stochasticity, demographic stochasticity, natural catastrophes and reduced gene ...
... size. At the extreme, this exposes populations to an increased risk of local extinction (Hanski & Ovaskainen, 2000). The underlying mechanisms driving this relationship can be divided into four categories – environmental stochasticity, demographic stochasticity, natural catastrophes and reduced gene ...
ecological and reproductive character displacement
... Abstract. Character displacement, in which coevolution of similar species alters their phenotypes, can be difficult to identify on the basis of observational data alone. In two-species systems, the most commonly identified (i.e., classic) resulting pattern is greater phenotypic difference between sp ...
... Abstract. Character displacement, in which coevolution of similar species alters their phenotypes, can be difficult to identify on the basis of observational data alone. In two-species systems, the most commonly identified (i.e., classic) resulting pattern is greater phenotypic difference between sp ...
Ch 27
... exclusion principle by carefully observing five species of North American warbler – These birds all hunt for insects and nest in the same type of eastern spruce tree – MacArthur found that each species concentrates its search for food in specific regions within spruce trees, employs different huntin ...
... exclusion principle by carefully observing five species of North American warbler – These birds all hunt for insects and nest in the same type of eastern spruce tree – MacArthur found that each species concentrates its search for food in specific regions within spruce trees, employs different huntin ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.