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Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact
... The effect of alien invasive species may be simple or very complex, especially since a large array of invasive species, mammals and others, can be present simultaneously and interact among themselves as well as with the indigenous species. In most cases, introduced species generally have a strong imp ...
... The effect of alien invasive species may be simple or very complex, especially since a large array of invasive species, mammals and others, can be present simultaneously and interact among themselves as well as with the indigenous species. In most cases, introduced species generally have a strong imp ...
Comparability: the key to the applicability of food web research
... This can be possible because of their large effect on the abiotic environment (ecosystem engineers, [30]), or because their cascading interspecific interactions. Either a few or many, as well as either weak or strong direct interactions may lead finally to a community-wide effect, depending on the d ...
... This can be possible because of their large effect on the abiotic environment (ecosystem engineers, [30]), or because their cascading interspecific interactions. Either a few or many, as well as either weak or strong direct interactions may lead finally to a community-wide effect, depending on the d ...
"Allometry and Metabolic Scaling in Ecology". - People
... endothermic and ectothermic taxa (Figure 3a). More generally, these findings emphasize that body size plays a primary role in the ecology and evolution of species because rmax controls a population’s ability to recover from disturbance, to expand into newly available habitats and to compete with othe ...
... endothermic and ectothermic taxa (Figure 3a). More generally, these findings emphasize that body size plays a primary role in the ecology and evolution of species because rmax controls a population’s ability to recover from disturbance, to expand into newly available habitats and to compete with othe ...
Placing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in context
... might similarly depend on how associated environmental changes alter interactions among the remaining biota. Effects of both biodiversity change and abiotic stressors on ecosystem functioning have been investigated in running waters, which supply essential ecosystem goods and services to humans (e.g ...
... might similarly depend on how associated environmental changes alter interactions among the remaining biota. Effects of both biodiversity change and abiotic stressors on ecosystem functioning have been investigated in running waters, which supply essential ecosystem goods and services to humans (e.g ...
Apago PDF Enhancer
... genetically, then differences in the number of their offspring will not alter the genetic composition of the population in the next generation, and thus, no evolutionary change will have occurred. It is important to remember that natural selection and evolution are not the same—the two concepts ofte ...
... genetically, then differences in the number of their offspring will not alter the genetic composition of the population in the next generation, and thus, no evolutionary change will have occurred. It is important to remember that natural selection and evolution are not the same—the two concepts ofte ...
Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere
... A population ecologist wished to determine the size of a population of white-footed deer mice, Peromyscus leucopus, in a 1-hectare field. Her first trapping yielded 80 mice, all of which were marked with a dab of purple hair dye on the back of the neck. Two weeks later, the trapping was repeated. Th ...
... A population ecologist wished to determine the size of a population of white-footed deer mice, Peromyscus leucopus, in a 1-hectare field. Her first trapping yielded 80 mice, all of which were marked with a dab of purple hair dye on the back of the neck. Two weeks later, the trapping was repeated. Th ...
Eco-evolutionary buffering: rapid evolution facilitates regional
... Note that even in cases where one extreme of the trade-off is optimal, mutations will prevent the population from becoming monomorphic and the average trait values will reflect a balance ...
... Note that even in cases where one extreme of the trade-off is optimal, mutations will prevent the population from becoming monomorphic and the average trait values will reflect a balance ...
Functional Ecology
... autumnata) impaired, rather than induced, the secretion of EFN on mature leaves. This result was confirmed for three different poplar clones: intact leaves of infested plants secreted less EFN than intact leaves of un-infested plants, and directly damaged leaves exhibited even lower secretion rates. W ...
... autumnata) impaired, rather than induced, the secretion of EFN on mature leaves. This result was confirmed for three different poplar clones: intact leaves of infested plants secreted less EFN than intact leaves of un-infested plants, and directly damaged leaves exhibited even lower secretion rates. W ...
Resilience of Microbial Systems Towards Disturbances - UvA-DARE
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
... the recognition that species function rather than number was more relevant, and based on this assumption other theories like the redundancy and insurance hypothesis were developed. The observation that different responses can occur within similar environments was the trigger for additional theories ...
Anthropogenic Landscapes, Human Action and the Process of Co
... occurring with increasing speed and influence. As Steffen and colleagues tell us “the human imprint on the global environment has now become so large and active that it rivals the great forces of nature in its impact on the functioning of the system of the earth [1].” Hamilton and Grinevald inform u ...
... occurring with increasing speed and influence. As Steffen and colleagues tell us “the human imprint on the global environment has now become so large and active that it rivals the great forces of nature in its impact on the functioning of the system of the earth [1].” Hamilton and Grinevald inform u ...
30 years of the endangered species act
... The black-footed ferret’s fate is inextricably linked with that of its primary food source and habitat provider, the prairie dog. Prairie dogs provide 90 percent of the ferret’s diet, and ferrets cannot survive in the wild outside of prairie dog colonies. Mistakenly thought to be a pest on rangeland ...
... The black-footed ferret’s fate is inextricably linked with that of its primary food source and habitat provider, the prairie dog. Prairie dogs provide 90 percent of the ferret’s diet, and ferrets cannot survive in the wild outside of prairie dog colonies. Mistakenly thought to be a pest on rangeland ...
Legume species identity and soil nitrogen supply elevated atmospheric [CO
... legume species in their response to environmental change (but see Leadley et al., 1999). If species vary in their relative reliance on soil N, its availability might modulate the legume response to [CO2] (Høgh-Jensen & Schjoerring, 1997; Lee et al., 2003a). In addition, legume–rhizobium relationship ...
... legume species in their response to environmental change (but see Leadley et al., 1999). If species vary in their relative reliance on soil N, its availability might modulate the legume response to [CO2] (Høgh-Jensen & Schjoerring, 1997; Lee et al., 2003a). In addition, legume–rhizobium relationship ...
1.5 A Study of an Ecosystem
... A survey which records or estimates the numbers of a species (in a particular ecosystem). 20. What is a quadrat frame? A square frame or (unit) area 21. How did you use the quadrat frame to carry out a quantitative survey of plants? Random location or explained (e.g. throwing implies randomness) cou ...
... A survey which records or estimates the numbers of a species (in a particular ecosystem). 20. What is a quadrat frame? A square frame or (unit) area 21. How did you use the quadrat frame to carry out a quantitative survey of plants? Random location or explained (e.g. throwing implies randomness) cou ...
Biological Stoichiometry: A Chemical Bridge between Ecosystem
... mechanisms and ramifications. In an underappreciated article published in the American Naturalist, Reiners (1986) was among the first to propose a broadly synthetic view of the mechanistic connections among organismal elemental composition, proximate chemical composition, and macroevolutionary trend ...
... mechanisms and ramifications. In an underappreciated article published in the American Naturalist, Reiners (1986) was among the first to propose a broadly synthetic view of the mechanistic connections among organismal elemental composition, proximate chemical composition, and macroevolutionary trend ...
19-Population ecology
... The most accurate way to determine population size is to count all of the individuals within the area. However, this method is usually not logistically or economically feasible, especially when studying large areas. Thus, scientists usually study populations by sampling a representative portion of e ...
... The most accurate way to determine population size is to count all of the individuals within the area. However, this method is usually not logistically or economically feasible, especially when studying large areas. Thus, scientists usually study populations by sampling a representative portion of e ...
SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY BACKGROUND Two individuals of the same
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
Chapter 5 Notes
... The totality of an organisms adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is ...
... The totality of an organisms adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is ...
Ecosystems and Living Organisms
... The totality of an organisms adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is ...
... The totality of an organisms adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is ...
Comparative Country Study
... You will be creating a non-fiction information book about a species entitled: “AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF ____(name species)______” A species is a group of organisms that can successfully mate with each other and reproduce. Examples include the giant octopus, Atlantic salmon, Pacific tree frog, Polar Be ...
... You will be creating a non-fiction information book about a species entitled: “AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF ____(name species)______” A species is a group of organisms that can successfully mate with each other and reproduce. Examples include the giant octopus, Atlantic salmon, Pacific tree frog, Polar Be ...
Chapter 6: Biological Resources and Biodiversity of Dutchess
... Fragmentation is the division of once-expansive habitats or ecosystems into smaller or more isolated parts. For example, before European settlement, the Hudson Valley contained expansive areas of deciduous forest, which have been reduced to smaller and more isolated areas of forest since the introdu ...
... Fragmentation is the division of once-expansive habitats or ecosystems into smaller or more isolated parts. For example, before European settlement, the Hudson Valley contained expansive areas of deciduous forest, which have been reduced to smaller and more isolated areas of forest since the introdu ...
ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE—IN THEORY AND APPLICATION
... behavior of those ecosystems over time. In this sense, self-organization is the interaction between structure and process that leads to system development, regardless of initial conditions. Self-organization also implies that for certain scale ranges, structure and process are not easily separable a ...
... behavior of those ecosystems over time. In this sense, self-organization is the interaction between structure and process that leads to system development, regardless of initial conditions. Self-organization also implies that for certain scale ranges, structure and process are not easily separable a ...
MACRO-INVERTEBRATE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN
... Cummins (1996) that potentially modify the availability of food to other organisms such as shredders and grazers. In agreement with functional group definitions in terrestrial ecosystems, a common functional group classification strategy should relate species with similar interventions in ecosystem ...
... Cummins (1996) that potentially modify the availability of food to other organisms such as shredders and grazers. In agreement with functional group definitions in terrestrial ecosystems, a common functional group classification strategy should relate species with similar interventions in ecosystem ...
Information Document
... on a number of ecological and socio-economic factors that are context specific and often inter-related. The major pathways of introduction of invasive alien species to island ecosystems are diverse, and are strongly influenced by an island State’s or territory’s trade status. The resilience of islan ...
... on a number of ecological and socio-economic factors that are context specific and often inter-related. The major pathways of introduction of invasive alien species to island ecosystems are diverse, and are strongly influenced by an island State’s or territory’s trade status. The resilience of islan ...
Population demographics and trade
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
... 1998; Sakai et al. 2001). Fast growth rates reflect rapid acquisition and allocation of resources, which enable a species to swiftly establish a population following colonization. While life-history theory predicts a trade-off between high reproduction and growth rates (Stearns 1992), research examini ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.