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A Stoichiometric Model of Early Plant Primary Succession
... competition (Titus 2009), suggest that the change in community composition can be explained in terms of competition for nutrients and changes in nutrient availability, both of which are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors (Halvorson and Smith 2009). In addition, species differences in stoichiom ...
... competition (Titus 2009), suggest that the change in community composition can be explained in terms of competition for nutrients and changes in nutrient availability, both of which are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors (Halvorson and Smith 2009). In addition, species differences in stoichiom ...
The interplay of physical and biotic factors in
... challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in specific situations. Intrinsic biotic factors such as dispersal ability and environmental tolerance, or at the species or lineage levels geographic range or species richness, clearly influence the origin ...
... challenge is to evaluate the roles of physical, intrinsic biotic and extrinsic biotic factors in specific situations. Intrinsic biotic factors such as dispersal ability and environmental tolerance, or at the species or lineage levels geographic range or species richness, clearly influence the origin ...
Mt Gibson Endangered Wildlife Restoration Project
... on the central and southern parts of the continent in areas of low-moderate rainfall: all but one of our mainland mammal extinctions to date have occurred in this zone. A large proportion of our surviving arid and semi-arid zone mammal species have suffered massive range contractions and a catastrop ...
... on the central and southern parts of the continent in areas of low-moderate rainfall: all but one of our mainland mammal extinctions to date have occurred in this zone. A large proportion of our surviving arid and semi-arid zone mammal species have suffered massive range contractions and a catastrop ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
... in a computer chip, but whereas that program has been shaped by an intelligent designer, the information in DNA has been shaped by a historical process of natural selection. Modern biology views the development, physiology, and behavior of organisms as the results of purely mechanical processes, res ...
... in a computer chip, but whereas that program has been shaped by an intelligent designer, the information in DNA has been shaped by a historical process of natural selection. Modern biology views the development, physiology, and behavior of organisms as the results of purely mechanical processes, res ...
Natural Selection and Adaptation
... in a computer chip, but whereas that program has been shaped by an intelligent designer, the information in DNA has been shaped by a historical process of natural selection. Modern biology views the development, physiology, and behavior of organisms as the results of purely mechanical processes, res ...
... in a computer chip, but whereas that program has been shaped by an intelligent designer, the information in DNA has been shaped by a historical process of natural selection. Modern biology views the development, physiology, and behavior of organisms as the results of purely mechanical processes, res ...
Sympatric Speciation in Insects
... assortative mating. Specialization permits a habitat occupied by a single vertebrate species to support a much greater number of small, often closely related, invertebrate species that can coexist in close sympatry with minimal competition. Vertebrate sister species usually have similar ecological n ...
... assortative mating. Specialization permits a habitat occupied by a single vertebrate species to support a much greater number of small, often closely related, invertebrate species that can coexist in close sympatry with minimal competition. Vertebrate sister species usually have similar ecological n ...
Herbivore-induced resource sequestration in plants: why bother?
... primary plant metabolism. Recent studies using radioisotopes, for example, have found that insect herbivores and related cues can induce faster export from leaves and roots and greater partitioning into tissues inaccessible to foraging herbivores. This process, termed induced resource sequestration, ...
... primary plant metabolism. Recent studies using radioisotopes, for example, have found that insect herbivores and related cues can induce faster export from leaves and roots and greater partitioning into tissues inaccessible to foraging herbivores. This process, termed induced resource sequestration, ...
Species resistance and community response to wind disturbance
... 1 Severe winds are the predominant cause of natural disturbance in temperate forests of north-eastern and north-central North America. Conceptual models of the effects of wind disturbance have traditionally focused on the impacts of catastrophic disturbances and have painted a simple picture of how ...
... 1 Severe winds are the predominant cause of natural disturbance in temperate forests of north-eastern and north-central North America. Conceptual models of the effects of wind disturbance have traditionally focused on the impacts of catastrophic disturbances and have painted a simple picture of how ...
Springs and Seepages - An important habitat for wildlife
... has excellent clarity. The cold groundwater in seepages and from springs can help support more northerly species. ...
... has excellent clarity. The cold groundwater in seepages and from springs can help support more northerly species. ...
Time course of plant diversity effects on
... the advantage of others (Haag et al. 2004). While there have been a large number of studies investigating the role of herbivores for plant species invasion (e.g. Levine et al. 2004; Maron and Vilà 2001; Ridenour et al. 2008), the role of insect herbivores for plant establishment is rarely studied a ...
... the advantage of others (Haag et al. 2004). While there have been a large number of studies investigating the role of herbivores for plant species invasion (e.g. Levine et al. 2004; Maron and Vilà 2001; Ridenour et al. 2008), the role of insect herbivores for plant establishment is rarely studied a ...
The Functions of Biological Diversity in an Age of Extinction REVIEW
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
... Spatial scale is central in assessing the external validity of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research because, relative to nature, typical experiments have less biodiversity and are smaller in size, shorter in duration, and much simpler in ecological structure. At large scales, in the absen ...
the Dark Side of Black Bass
... This paper examines several of these ecological consequences through results from two studies, plus published studies are draw upon extensively in an extended discussion. Despite the species being introduced to systems worldwide, almost all of the studies examining the ecological aspects of these in ...
... This paper examines several of these ecological consequences through results from two studies, plus published studies are draw upon extensively in an extended discussion. Despite the species being introduced to systems worldwide, almost all of the studies examining the ecological aspects of these in ...
บทที่ 1 (คำนำ)
... Crop Biological factors Physical factor Cultural management factor Dormant weed seed bank ...
... Crop Biological factors Physical factor Cultural management factor Dormant weed seed bank ...
Predicting ecosystem stability from community composition and
... through reiuei(t), where r2ei is the environmental variance, and uei(t) are normal variables with zero mean and unit variance that are independent through time (white noise) but may be correlated between species (e.g. a good year for one species may be good for another species as well). Demographic ...
... through reiuei(t), where r2ei is the environmental variance, and uei(t) are normal variables with zero mean and unit variance that are independent through time (white noise) but may be correlated between species (e.g. a good year for one species may be good for another species as well). Demographic ...
Biology B Ecology
... explored through four big ideas. Students address the big ideas of cell growth and reproduction, genetics, the theory of evolution, and ecology through the exploration of the following essential questions: • How do organisms live, grow, respond to their environment, and reproduce? • How are the char ...
... explored through four big ideas. Students address the big ideas of cell growth and reproduction, genetics, the theory of evolution, and ecology through the exploration of the following essential questions: • How do organisms live, grow, respond to their environment, and reproduce? • How are the char ...
Ecological constraints, life history traits and the evolution of
... dispersal in cooperatively breeding birds. Intraspecific studies offer the strongest support. Observational studies have demonstrated a positive association between the severity of ecological constraints and the prevalence of cooperation, and experimental studies in which constraints on independent ...
... dispersal in cooperatively breeding birds. Intraspecific studies offer the strongest support. Observational studies have demonstrated a positive association between the severity of ecological constraints and the prevalence of cooperation, and experimental studies in which constraints on independent ...
Network ecology: topological constraints on ecosystem dynamics
... Ecological systems are complex assemblages of various species with interactions between them. The interactions can be even more important than the species themselves for understanding how the whole system is functioning and organized. For the representation of the topological space of interspecific ...
... Ecological systems are complex assemblages of various species with interactions between them. The interactions can be even more important than the species themselves for understanding how the whole system is functioning and organized. For the representation of the topological space of interspecific ...
alumni garry oak meadow restoration project
... domestic farming techniques (Bein and Eastman, 2006). After this period, the area was seeded with agronomic grass species and was used for hay (Bein and Eastman, 2006). In 1956, through the co-operation of the Department of National Defense and the Hudson's Bay Company, the 1.6 km² campus of the Uni ...
... domestic farming techniques (Bein and Eastman, 2006). After this period, the area was seeded with agronomic grass species and was used for hay (Bein and Eastman, 2006). In 1956, through the co-operation of the Department of National Defense and the Hudson's Bay Company, the 1.6 km² campus of the Uni ...
species replacement during early secondary succession
... Although interspecific competition reduced the cover and biomass of Senecio during its peak year, it had little or no effect on either the population increase or decline; the pattern of change was similar among all treatments. These counterintuitive results underscore the importance of testing, not ...
... Although interspecific competition reduced the cover and biomass of Senecio during its peak year, it had little or no effect on either the population increase or decline; the pattern of change was similar among all treatments. These counterintuitive results underscore the importance of testing, not ...
Vol. 127, No. 3 The American Naturalist March 1986 SPECIES
... In the southern Appalachians, this series is represented in various localities by from three to at least five species. The three species always present are D. quadramaculatus, the most aquatic and largest species; D. monticola, a streambank species sometimes found in the forest; and D. ochrophaeus, ...
... In the southern Appalachians, this series is represented in various localities by from three to at least five species. The three species always present are D. quadramaculatus, the most aquatic and largest species; D. monticola, a streambank species sometimes found in the forest; and D. ochrophaeus, ...
Using Stream Leaf Packs to Explore Community Assembly
... specific time and location if they can’t get there; we call this “dispersal,” the ability to travel to a new habitat (e.g., direct organism movement, water, wind). Is it likely that there are barriers to migration or dispersal that prevent the organisms of interest from being present at a given loca ...
... specific time and location if they can’t get there; we call this “dispersal,” the ability to travel to a new habitat (e.g., direct organism movement, water, wind). Is it likely that there are barriers to migration or dispersal that prevent the organisms of interest from being present at a given loca ...
Eusociality: Origin and consequences Edward O. Wilson* and Bert Ho¨lldobler
... genetic relatedness arises from eusociality but is not a necessary precondition. In the second model, alleles exist that induce cooperation and possess phenotypic plasticity, which includes a nongenetic worker caste. If these alleles are favored by sufficiently powerful colony selection, eusociality ...
... genetic relatedness arises from eusociality but is not a necessary precondition. In the second model, alleles exist that induce cooperation and possess phenotypic plasticity, which includes a nongenetic worker caste. If these alleles are favored by sufficiently powerful colony selection, eusociality ...
ecosystem - UNL Entomology
... relationship. Competition can be interspecific, between different species, or intraspecific, between the same species and the latter is often exemplified by mate competition. There are certain resources, such as watering holes or burrows, that may only occupy a small area within the ecosystem but ca ...
... relationship. Competition can be interspecific, between different species, or intraspecific, between the same species and the latter is often exemplified by mate competition. There are certain resources, such as watering holes or burrows, that may only occupy a small area within the ecosystem but ca ...
Rethinking Community Assembly through the Lens
... assembly by preventing competitive exclusion of inferior competitors by superior competitors. Stabilizing niche differences are challenging to quantify because they depend on all the interactions unique to the environment and the species composition of the community. However, they can be derived fro ...
... assembly by preventing competitive exclusion of inferior competitors by superior competitors. Stabilizing niche differences are challenging to quantify because they depend on all the interactions unique to the environment and the species composition of the community. However, they can be derived fro ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.