![Eusociality: Origin and consequences Edward O. Wilson* and Bert Ho¨lldobler](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008906804_1-1a243dcd6d771227d5e7c0585f8116b3-300x300.png)
Eusociality: Origin and consequences Edward O. Wilson* and Bert Ho¨lldobler
... genetic relatedness arises from eusociality but is not a necessary precondition. In the second model, alleles exist that induce cooperation and possess phenotypic plasticity, which includes a nongenetic worker caste. If these alleles are favored by sufficiently powerful colony selection, eusociality ...
... genetic relatedness arises from eusociality but is not a necessary precondition. In the second model, alleles exist that induce cooperation and possess phenotypic plasticity, which includes a nongenetic worker caste. If these alleles are favored by sufficiently powerful colony selection, eusociality ...
University of Groningen Holism and reductionism in biology
... therefore, they "will refer to tree communities, insect communities, or bird communities, rather than lumping such diverse organisms as a single community". The authors suggest that the term ’biocoenosis’ be applied to a group of populations belonging to various trophic levels and various classes or ...
... therefore, they "will refer to tree communities, insect communities, or bird communities, rather than lumping such diverse organisms as a single community". The authors suggest that the term ’biocoenosis’ be applied to a group of populations belonging to various trophic levels and various classes or ...
Is There Current Competition between Sympatric Siberian Weasels
... The Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) sympatric in the Guandaushi Forest are of particular interest because, with low density of rodent prey most of the time, weasels in this area perhaps adapt their diets and may compete with ferret badgers. Dietary and spat ...
... The Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and ferret badgers (Melogale moschata) sympatric in the Guandaushi Forest are of particular interest because, with low density of rodent prey most of the time, weasels in this area perhaps adapt their diets and may compete with ferret badgers. Dietary and spat ...
Hostplant genotype mediates supply and demand of animal food in
... were not units perceived as separate areas. In April 2008, before the emergence of the new psyllid generation, one branch on each plant belonging to genotypes Gudrun, Loden, 78-0-21, and 78-0-183 were enclosed in perforated (diameter 0.5 mm) polythene bags (Baumann Saatzuchtbedarf), as described abo ...
... were not units perceived as separate areas. In April 2008, before the emergence of the new psyllid generation, one branch on each plant belonging to genotypes Gudrun, Loden, 78-0-21, and 78-0-183 were enclosed in perforated (diameter 0.5 mm) polythene bags (Baumann Saatzuchtbedarf), as described abo ...
Global networks for invasion science: benefits, challenges and
... 2006). The current distribution of most invasive organisms, in both their native and introduced ranges, spans two or more continents but rarely covers the entire globe (cf. Rejmánek and Richardson 2013). Limiting the selection of focal taxa to those that have a large global range would focus resear ...
... 2006). The current distribution of most invasive organisms, in both their native and introduced ranges, spans two or more continents but rarely covers the entire globe (cf. Rejmánek and Richardson 2013). Limiting the selection of focal taxa to those that have a large global range would focus resear ...
Functional Ecology - Ruhr
... This significant increased pigmentation could not have been caused by differences in body size, because such differences were not significant (Table 1) and there was no significant correlation between pigmentation and body size. Second, the pigmentation of D. pulex was significantly reduced in the f ...
... This significant increased pigmentation could not have been caused by differences in body size, because such differences were not significant (Table 1) and there was no significant correlation between pigmentation and body size. Second, the pigmentation of D. pulex was significantly reduced in the f ...
BioScience - Oxford Academic
... at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massive biodiversity loss, with extinction rates estimated to be 1000 times higher than background levels (Pimm et al. 2014). Under this new world order, many species are being forced ...
... at a cost: As a consequence of human-driven environmental change (the Anthropocene), the Earth is now experiencing massive biodiversity loss, with extinction rates estimated to be 1000 times higher than background levels (Pimm et al. 2014). Under this new world order, many species are being forced ...
Butterflies and their contribution in ecosystem: A review
... flower and reproduce sexually even over large areas. Nectar produced from flower contains nutritious vitamins, lipids, sugar, amino acid etc. which is important food source for pollinators. Butterflies are also pollinators and visit the flower to eat nectar; tiny scales on the butterfly bodies brush ...
... flower and reproduce sexually even over large areas. Nectar produced from flower contains nutritious vitamins, lipids, sugar, amino acid etc. which is important food source for pollinators. Butterflies are also pollinators and visit the flower to eat nectar; tiny scales on the butterfly bodies brush ...
MB_20_win
... Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Primary succession starts with the exposure of bare land. Lichens colonize the rock. Decaying lichens as well as minerals from the rock lead to soil formation. Soil leads to colonization by pioneer species, such as moss and weeds. Large plants, such as shr ...
... Extended Response, continued Answer: Part A Primary succession starts with the exposure of bare land. Lichens colonize the rock. Decaying lichens as well as minerals from the rock lead to soil formation. Soil leads to colonization by pioneer species, such as moss and weeds. Large plants, such as shr ...
Protozoologica
... rubra (= Mesodinium rubrum), a ciliate that is globally distributed in neritic and estuarine habitats, showed that light-saturated rates of photosynthesis for individual ciliates ranged from 13 to 88 pg C cell–1 h–1, a rate that was within the mid-range reported for community measurements made durin ...
... rubra (= Mesodinium rubrum), a ciliate that is globally distributed in neritic and estuarine habitats, showed that light-saturated rates of photosynthesis for individual ciliates ranged from 13 to 88 pg C cell–1 h–1, a rate that was within the mid-range reported for community measurements made durin ...
Debut of the Seventeen-Year-Old Cicada
... "good" and "bad" years. To create periodicity from such a situation, there must be natural selection against individuals emerging in years when population densities are low. The ancestral "protoperiodical" cicadas most likely had a shorter life cycle than their modern periodical relatives since all ...
... "good" and "bad" years. To create periodicity from such a situation, there must be natural selection against individuals emerging in years when population densities are low. The ancestral "protoperiodical" cicadas most likely had a shorter life cycle than their modern periodical relatives since all ...
Population Ecology
... equation as a law, analogous to Newton’s first law, we are then faced with the project of identifying the “ecological forces” that result in such departures from exponential growth (Ginzburg and Colyvan, 2004). What of explanation in ecology? On traditional accounts of explanation (e.g., Hempel, 196 ...
... equation as a law, analogous to Newton’s first law, we are then faced with the project of identifying the “ecological forces” that result in such departures from exponential growth (Ginzburg and Colyvan, 2004). What of explanation in ecology? On traditional accounts of explanation (e.g., Hempel, 196 ...
Wetterer et al.: Dominance by Alien Ant in Biosphere 2 381
... We sought all records of intentional introductions of ants and homopterans to Biosphere 2, searching internal reports of Biosphere 2. Ant Surveys We conducted surveys of ants on numerous occasions between 1990 and 1997. Between August 1990 and March 1991, D. E. W. conducted visual surveys of Biosphe ...
... We sought all records of intentional introductions of ants and homopterans to Biosphere 2, searching internal reports of Biosphere 2. Ant Surveys We conducted surveys of ants on numerous occasions between 1990 and 1997. Between August 1990 and March 1991, D. E. W. conducted visual surveys of Biosphe ...
Asymmetric larval interactions between introduced and indigenous
... and Shelton 2003; Nault and Kennedy 2003). HA larvae are stronger intraguild predators than CS larvae in Japan (Takahashi 1989; Yasuda and Shinya 1997; Sato et al. 2003), and HA larvae also appear more able to exploit coleopteran (vs. aphid) prey than are larvae of CS (Yasuda and Ohnuma 1999; Kalask ...
... and Shelton 2003; Nault and Kennedy 2003). HA larvae are stronger intraguild predators than CS larvae in Japan (Takahashi 1989; Yasuda and Shinya 1997; Sato et al. 2003), and HA larvae also appear more able to exploit coleopteran (vs. aphid) prey than are larvae of CS (Yasuda and Ohnuma 1999; Kalask ...
Wetland restoration, adaptation and Ramsar Convention
... STRP current work: Assessing utility of Restoration guidance Key question: does the existing Ramsar restoration guidance (in its current form) allow a potential user to deliver their wetland restoration objectives? Different wetland restoration scenarios: • The ecological character of my wetland ha ...
... STRP current work: Assessing utility of Restoration guidance Key question: does the existing Ramsar restoration guidance (in its current form) allow a potential user to deliver their wetland restoration objectives? Different wetland restoration scenarios: • The ecological character of my wetland ha ...
Fungal Community Ecology: A Hybrid Beast with a Molecular Master
... a good example. Although some of these fungi produce secondary compounds that protect their hosts from herbivory, their overall effects on plant fitness can change dramatically depending on environmental conditions or herbivore pressure (Saikkonen et al. 2004). Because these fungi are often present ...
... a good example. Although some of these fungi produce secondary compounds that protect their hosts from herbivory, their overall effects on plant fitness can change dramatically depending on environmental conditions or herbivore pressure (Saikkonen et al. 2004). Because these fungi are often present ...
Spider, bee, and bird communities in cities are shaped by
... determine management intensity. Soil density corresponds to the penetration depth of an iron stick combined with a constant weight. Hours of sun exposure was measured with a hemispheric sundial, which took into account distant hills and close buildings and trees. The other three environmental data s ...
... determine management intensity. Soil density corresponds to the penetration depth of an iron stick combined with a constant weight. Hours of sun exposure was measured with a hemispheric sundial, which took into account distant hills and close buildings and trees. The other three environmental data s ...
on the relationship between regional and local species richness
... been understood to indicate a dominant role for regional processes such as dispersal. A decelerating curvilinear line, where maximum local species richness is reached at a low level of regional species richness, indicates that local processes like competition are dominant, and this is typically inte ...
... been understood to indicate a dominant role for regional processes such as dispersal. A decelerating curvilinear line, where maximum local species richness is reached at a low level of regional species richness, indicates that local processes like competition are dominant, and this is typically inte ...
Peay et al 2008 - North American Mycoflora Project
... a good example. Although some of these fungi produce secondary compounds that protect their hosts from herbivory, their overall effects on plant fitness can change dramatically depending on environmental conditions or herbivore pressure (Saikkonen et al. 2004). Because these fungi are often present ...
... a good example. Although some of these fungi produce secondary compounds that protect their hosts from herbivory, their overall effects on plant fitness can change dramatically depending on environmental conditions or herbivore pressure (Saikkonen et al. 2004). Because these fungi are often present ...
Review of the NSW Threatened Species Priorities Action Statement
... PAS Recovery Database recorded actions that were commenced but did not record the progress or outcomes of actions. Many actions had no follow-up monitoring. Where monitoring did occur, results were not captured in the database. It is therefore difficult to determine the extent to which PAS actions h ...
... PAS Recovery Database recorded actions that were commenced but did not record the progress or outcomes of actions. Many actions had no follow-up monitoring. Where monitoring did occur, results were not captured in the database. It is therefore difficult to determine the extent to which PAS actions h ...
Predicting Distribution, Habitat Suitability and the Potential Loss of
... 2003, Tordoff et al. 2002) and in particularly large trees draped in moss, lichens, orchids or other epiphytes (Harrap and Quinn 1996, Hopkins 1989). Tordoff et al. (2002) documented S. formosa in upper and lower montane evergreen forests. Both forests were relatively undisturbed and contained a hi ...
... 2003, Tordoff et al. 2002) and in particularly large trees draped in moss, lichens, orchids or other epiphytes (Harrap and Quinn 1996, Hopkins 1989). Tordoff et al. (2002) documented S. formosa in upper and lower montane evergreen forests. Both forests were relatively undisturbed and contained a hi ...
Comparative studies of terrestrial vertebrates in urban areas
... 158 British cities (Harris and Smith, 1987). The model predicted both the cities in which foxes occurred and the areas within cities that are likely to contain foxes. The development of the model was also used to understand the socioeconomic factors and planning conditions that were associated with ...
... 158 British cities (Harris and Smith, 1987). The model predicted both the cities in which foxes occurred and the areas within cities that are likely to contain foxes. The development of the model was also used to understand the socioeconomic factors and planning conditions that were associated with ...
Chapter 8 Diversity and ecosystem function Jan Lepš Dr. Jan Lepš
... Species-area curves are often used to describe the increase in species number with increasing area within a habitat, or predict the number of species in a county, region or state; the estimates are often based on nested data – and one has to accommodate the statistical analysis to this layout. Howev ...
... Species-area curves are often used to describe the increase in species number with increasing area within a habitat, or predict the number of species in a county, region or state; the estimates are often based on nested data – and one has to accommodate the statistical analysis to this layout. Howev ...
Plankton: the paradox and the power law arXiv
... many sources of variation that stand in the way of this. Our argument is that approximate scalings of processes with body mass in unicellular organisms bring them closer to ecological balance than has previously been thought. This slows down the rate of exclusion of species, with the consequence tha ...
... many sources of variation that stand in the way of this. Our argument is that approximate scalings of processes with body mass in unicellular organisms bring them closer to ecological balance than has previously been thought. This slows down the rate of exclusion of species, with the consequence tha ...
Keystone Species
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.