![Biodiversity Research](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002331375_1-00285287f3740f455a672c6868fcea62-300x300.png)
Biodiversity Research
... As a binding agreement under international law, the CBD aims not only to conserve species diversity, but also to protect biological diversity overall – genetic diversity, the diversity and functioning of ecosystems, and thus the basis of human life. At the same time, the agreement recognises that co ...
... As a binding agreement under international law, the CBD aims not only to conserve species diversity, but also to protect biological diversity overall – genetic diversity, the diversity and functioning of ecosystems, and thus the basis of human life. At the same time, the agreement recognises that co ...
The coexistence
... Finally, "social symbiosis" (e.g., HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990) is an inaccurate, although widely used, description of a social parasite's relationship with its host as "symbiosis" in other instances often refers to a relationship that is mutually beneficial. Following myrmecological tradition the term ...
... Finally, "social symbiosis" (e.g., HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990) is an inaccurate, although widely used, description of a social parasite's relationship with its host as "symbiosis" in other instances often refers to a relationship that is mutually beneficial. Following myrmecological tradition the term ...
Reports
... The dwarf shrub Dryas octopetala L. is a circumpolar ‘‘wintergreen’’ (Welker et al. 1997) species that may dominate plant communities in alpine, subarctic, and arctic habitats (Hultén 1959). The northern European Dryas heaths may be characterized as biodiversity hotspots relative to other alpine pl ...
... The dwarf shrub Dryas octopetala L. is a circumpolar ‘‘wintergreen’’ (Welker et al. 1997) species that may dominate plant communities in alpine, subarctic, and arctic habitats (Hultén 1959). The northern European Dryas heaths may be characterized as biodiversity hotspots relative to other alpine pl ...
Macroecology of mangroves: large-scale patterns and processes in
... mangrove forests. These analyses also illustrate that the many processes that structure mangroves are similar to those that structure upland forests, and that general ecological theory is applicable to mangrove forests. Mangroves do not exist in isolation, but occur at the boundary between terrestri ...
... mangrove forests. These analyses also illustrate that the many processes that structure mangroves are similar to those that structure upland forests, and that general ecological theory is applicable to mangrove forests. Mangroves do not exist in isolation, but occur at the boundary between terrestri ...
Drivers of host plant shifts in the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica
... 2004a). However, some populations have shifted to SG-poor Salicaceae, such as S. caprea L. and S. glauca L. (Zvereva et al., 2010) or to Betulaceae (Hilker & Schulz, 1994; Gross & Hilker, 1995; Mikhailov, 2001). For example, the Belarus population of C. lapponica feeds exclusively on the SGpoor will ...
... 2004a). However, some populations have shifted to SG-poor Salicaceae, such as S. caprea L. and S. glauca L. (Zvereva et al., 2010) or to Betulaceae (Hilker & Schulz, 1994; Gross & Hilker, 1995; Mikhailov, 2001). For example, the Belarus population of C. lapponica feeds exclusively on the SGpoor will ...
Scaling from individuals to networks in food webs
... A recent population-level model, developed by Loeuille & Loreau (2005), attempts to explain the structure of empirical food webs by considering ‘lower-level’ processes, such as adaptation. In their model, adaptation acts on body size because ‘[its] impact on the metabolism and interactions of organi ...
... A recent population-level model, developed by Loeuille & Loreau (2005), attempts to explain the structure of empirical food webs by considering ‘lower-level’ processes, such as adaptation. In their model, adaptation acts on body size because ‘[its] impact on the metabolism and interactions of organi ...
Relative importance of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms in
... Abstract: The competitive exclusion principle poses the pressing question of how biodiversity is maintained in nature. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain diversity and to resolve what has become known as the “paradox of the plankton”. We propose a dichotomy among these mechanisms in order ...
... Abstract: The competitive exclusion principle poses the pressing question of how biodiversity is maintained in nature. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain diversity and to resolve what has become known as the “paradox of the plankton”. We propose a dichotomy among these mechanisms in order ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the emergence of a synthetic ecological framework CHAPTER 1
... 1.2 A brief history of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning 1.2.1 Early history Initially, there may have been little question concerning the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, though the perspective was predominantly one of metaphysical harmony among species and their en ...
... 1.2 A brief history of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning 1.2.1 Early history Initially, there may have been little question concerning the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, though the perspective was predominantly one of metaphysical harmony among species and their en ...
Diversity and coevolutionary dynamics in high
... through the notion of “adaptive zones” (Simpson, 1944, Uyeda et al., 2011). In particular, it is thought that much of the extant diversity has evolved as a consequence of lineages entering new adaptive zones, which can be interpreted from the phenotypic perspective as an increase in the dimension of ...
... through the notion of “adaptive zones” (Simpson, 1944, Uyeda et al., 2011). In particular, it is thought that much of the extant diversity has evolved as a consequence of lineages entering new adaptive zones, which can be interpreted from the phenotypic perspective as an increase in the dimension of ...
Evolutionary and ecological constraints of fish spawning habitats
... site fidelity during spawning allows fish to place their offspring in the same location or set of environmental conditions of the parental or sibling generations, therefore, has fitness consequences. Yet, this remarkable attachment to a specific site is only expressed at the time of spawning, while ...
... site fidelity during spawning allows fish to place their offspring in the same location or set of environmental conditions of the parental or sibling generations, therefore, has fitness consequences. Yet, this remarkable attachment to a specific site is only expressed at the time of spawning, while ...
The iconic keystone predator has a pathogen
... 1960s showed that when Pisaster was intentionally excluded from a rocky intertidal slope, the mussel population advanced toward the lower reaches of the intertidal zone and competitively eliminated a rich diversity of other species (Paine 1966, 1974). Two of the mussel’s attributes – the strength of ...
... 1960s showed that when Pisaster was intentionally excluded from a rocky intertidal slope, the mussel population advanced toward the lower reaches of the intertidal zone and competitively eliminated a rich diversity of other species (Paine 1966, 1974). Two of the mussel’s attributes – the strength of ...
interactive effects of predation and dispersal on
... regional zooplankton species pool in determining the impact of predators on planktonic community composition and trophic structure. I examined the effects of planktivorous fish and insects on zooplankton communities that were either isolated from or open to dispersal by a large number of species fro ...
... regional zooplankton species pool in determining the impact of predators on planktonic community composition and trophic structure. I examined the effects of planktivorous fish and insects on zooplankton communities that were either isolated from or open to dispersal by a large number of species fro ...
Biological invasions: a field synopsis, systematic review, and
... invasive species being studied, trophic level of the invader, invaded ecosystem and biome, and hypothesis being evaluated (detailed in Appendix 2). For studies carried out in the field or in gardens, we identified the location of the study where possible (i.e., where the invasion was located), by co ...
... invasive species being studied, trophic level of the invader, invaded ecosystem and biome, and hypothesis being evaluated (detailed in Appendix 2). For studies carried out in the field or in gardens, we identified the location of the study where possible (i.e., where the invasion was located), by co ...
How Foraging Behaviour and Resource Partitioning Can
... of a conspecific flower. Effectiveness should therefore be proportional to the product of three probabilities: probability that pollen is transferred from anthers to pollinator, probability that the pollinator visits another flower of the same species before the pollen is lost, and probability that ...
... of a conspecific flower. Effectiveness should therefore be proportional to the product of three probabilities: probability that pollen is transferred from anthers to pollinator, probability that the pollinator visits another flower of the same species before the pollen is lost, and probability that ...
How foraging behaviour and resource partitioning
... of a conspecific flower. Effectiveness should therefore be proportional to the product of three probabilities: probability that pollen is transferred from anthers to pollinator, probability that the pollinator visits another flower of the same species before the pollen is lost, and probability that ...
... of a conspecific flower. Effectiveness should therefore be proportional to the product of three probabilities: probability that pollen is transferred from anthers to pollinator, probability that the pollinator visits another flower of the same species before the pollen is lost, and probability that ...
Population genetics, food-plant specialization, and local
... that coevolution, i.e., the reciprocal evolutionary responses between interacting species, is a major force that modifies the diversity of insects and plants (Thompson 1994, 2005). Especially, when the coevolutionary processes between insects and their food plants are spatially divergent, they have ...
... that coevolution, i.e., the reciprocal evolutionary responses between interacting species, is a major force that modifies the diversity of insects and plants (Thompson 1994, 2005). Especially, when the coevolutionary processes between insects and their food plants are spatially divergent, they have ...
Rangeland degradation in Ordos Plateau, its nature and assessment
... analysis showed that there was a change of vegetation biomass, botanical composition, species diversity, soil moisture and other factors after different grazing treatment. Biomass of most species increased in the light grazing and the ungrazed plots after two years. Total aboveground biomass ranged ...
... analysis showed that there was a change of vegetation biomass, botanical composition, species diversity, soil moisture and other factors after different grazing treatment. Biomass of most species increased in the light grazing and the ungrazed plots after two years. Total aboveground biomass ranged ...
SAIS botanical survey report
... point, is amongst the islands’ key assets. With economies diminishing and the need to diversify towards new sources of income, the rapidly-growing ecotourism sector offers the promise of sustaining at least some of the deficit. However, ecological issues have far wider implications, both natural and ...
... point, is amongst the islands’ key assets. With economies diminishing and the need to diversify towards new sources of income, the rapidly-growing ecotourism sector offers the promise of sustaining at least some of the deficit. However, ecological issues have far wider implications, both natural and ...
Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on
... from the product of the geographical extent of invasive populations, the abundance or biomass per unit area, and the per capita or per unit biomass effect on native species. Invasive dominance: The degree to which the abundance or biomass of invasive species outnumbers or outweighs that of native sp ...
... from the product of the geographical extent of invasive populations, the abundance or biomass per unit area, and the per capita or per unit biomass effect on native species. Invasive dominance: The degree to which the abundance or biomass of invasive species outnumbers or outweighs that of native sp ...
Behavioral Interactions Among Four Species of the Salamander
... microhabitat preferences correlated with body size. Other investigators (Tilley 1968, Huheey and Brandon 1973, Hairston 1980) have reported that predation by congeners might be a factor in determining the distri? bution and abundance of these species. Hairston (1980) has advanced the view that compe ...
... microhabitat preferences correlated with body size. Other investigators (Tilley 1968, Huheey and Brandon 1973, Hairston 1980) have reported that predation by congeners might be a factor in determining the distri? bution and abundance of these species. Hairston (1980) has advanced the view that compe ...
The challenge of wild nature conserving itself
... As advocates for a wilder nature in Britain, we, the authors, build a future vision of wild places on the dynamics of natural systems. We see in that the free will of ecological interplay being inspiration in itself, and which we convey to others in the hope of enthusing acceptance. If there is an i ...
... As advocates for a wilder nature in Britain, we, the authors, build a future vision of wild places on the dynamics of natural systems. We see in that the free will of ecological interplay being inspiration in itself, and which we convey to others in the hope of enthusing acceptance. If there is an i ...
Lion-tailed macaque interactions with non-primates
... The primate–non-primate interactions are more common in the neotropics, followed by Africa and Asia 3. The primate–non-primate interactions are mainly with other mammals and birds, and usually the non-primates are attracted to the primates than the other way around3. It is stipulated that the chance ...
... The primate–non-primate interactions are more common in the neotropics, followed by Africa and Asia 3. The primate–non-primate interactions are mainly with other mammals and birds, and usually the non-primates are attracted to the primates than the other way around3. It is stipulated that the chance ...
community
... • The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place – One species will be more efficient and thus reproduce more rapidly than the other. This will eventually lead to the local elimination of the inferior competitor. ...
... • The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place – One species will be more efficient and thus reproduce more rapidly than the other. This will eventually lead to the local elimination of the inferior competitor. ...
Oral Presentation Abstracts
... nests. The captured brood mature in the slavemaker colony, where the enslaved workers care for slavemaker offspring, maintain the nest, and forage for food. In an 8-ha patch of forest on the SUNY Geneseo campus in western New York, 2 species of slavemaking ants, Formica subintegra and F. pergandei, ...
... nests. The captured brood mature in the slavemaker colony, where the enslaved workers care for slavemaker offspring, maintain the nest, and forage for food. In an 8-ha patch of forest on the SUNY Geneseo campus in western New York, 2 species of slavemaking ants, Formica subintegra and F. pergandei, ...
community
... • The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place – One species will be more efficient and thus reproduce more rapidly than the other. This will eventually lead to the local elimination of the inferior competitor. ...
... • The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place – One species will be more efficient and thus reproduce more rapidly than the other. This will eventually lead to the local elimination of the inferior competitor. ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.