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Phylogenetic diversity of plants alters the effect of species
... system in southern Ontario, I surveyed communities of plants and measured levels of leaf damage on 27 species in 38 plots. I calculated a measure of phylogenetic diversity (PSE) that encapsulates information about the amount of evolutionary history represented in each of the plots and looked for a r ...
... system in southern Ontario, I surveyed communities of plants and measured levels of leaf damage on 27 species in 38 plots. I calculated a measure of phylogenetic diversity (PSE) that encapsulates information about the amount of evolutionary history represented in each of the plots and looked for a r ...
Landscape Ecology www.AssignmentPoint.com Landscape ecology
... potential, it is necessary to draw on several natural sciences. Topological ecology at the landscape scale (e.g. Forman & Godron): ’Landscape’ is defined as a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems (woods, meadows, marshes, villages, etc.) that is repeated in simil ...
... potential, it is necessary to draw on several natural sciences. Topological ecology at the landscape scale (e.g. Forman & Godron): ’Landscape’ is defined as a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems (woods, meadows, marshes, villages, etc.) that is repeated in simil ...
Wetlands of the Southern Interior Valleys
... marshes. Changes in seasonal precipitation create a repeated cycle of flooding and drying of these sites. This ...
... marshes. Changes in seasonal precipitation create a repeated cycle of flooding and drying of these sites. This ...
Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in
... Box 1. Mast seeding in plants Perhaps the most common type of resource pulse in terrestrial ecosystems is mast seeding, defined as the intermittent, synchronous production of large seed crops by a population of plants (see Refs 7,44). Masting is best known in longlived woody species, but also occurs ...
... Box 1. Mast seeding in plants Perhaps the most common type of resource pulse in terrestrial ecosystems is mast seeding, defined as the intermittent, synchronous production of large seed crops by a population of plants (see Refs 7,44). Masting is best known in longlived woody species, but also occurs ...
PALAEO-ECOLOGY OF THE STERKFONTEIN HOMINIDS: A
... MAN'S ADAPTIVE ENVIRONMENT Any environmental changes apparently associated with hominid evolution are revealed in part by the animals that changed, or did not change, within the same local context. Faunal analyses can either corroborate or challenge ecological hypotheses, and provide an important co ...
... MAN'S ADAPTIVE ENVIRONMENT Any environmental changes apparently associated with hominid evolution are revealed in part by the animals that changed, or did not change, within the same local context. Faunal analyses can either corroborate or challenge ecological hypotheses, and provide an important co ...
Recolonizing wolves trigger a trophic cascade in Wisconsin (USA)
... (Halaj & Wise 2001). However, recent evidence from experimental manipulations of herbivores and carnivores in old field ecosystems suggests that predators in terrestrial systems have much stronger effects on plant species diversity than on plant biomass (Schmitz 2006). Furthermore, it is these change ...
... (Halaj & Wise 2001). However, recent evidence from experimental manipulations of herbivores and carnivores in old field ecosystems suggests that predators in terrestrial systems have much stronger effects on plant species diversity than on plant biomass (Schmitz 2006). Furthermore, it is these change ...
IMPLICATIONS OF PLANT DIVERSITY AND SOIL CHEMICAL
... plausible mechanisms. The results from both the logged and unlogged sites do not support the general hypothesis of Elton that invasion resistance and compositional stability increase with diversity. Based on the results of all of the research reported within, biodiversity does not appear to be an im ...
... plausible mechanisms. The results from both the logged and unlogged sites do not support the general hypothesis of Elton that invasion resistance and compositional stability increase with diversity. Based on the results of all of the research reported within, biodiversity does not appear to be an im ...
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00005.x Subject Editor: Carlos Melian. Accepted 10 July 2012
... of food web structure and composition in the complex aquatic food web found in the northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. We used empirical data to determine regional species pools and estimate dispersal probabilities, simulated local food-web dynamics, dispersed species from regional pools int ...
... of food web structure and composition in the complex aquatic food web found in the northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. We used empirical data to determine regional species pools and estimate dispersal probabilities, simulated local food-web dynamics, dispersed species from regional pools int ...
Ecology - Canyon ISD
... Light energy is transformed into ___________ energy in photosynthesizers! ...
... Light energy is transformed into ___________ energy in photosynthesizers! ...
Sterling, Bynum, et al. Why Should You Care About Biologic…
... Conservation efforts at the genetic level are often focused on one or a few populations within a single species. While these are extremely important, in a world of scarce resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or decl ...
... Conservation efforts at the genetic level are often focused on one or a few populations within a single species. While these are extremely important, in a world of scarce resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or decl ...
NEWS
... remains a key challenge of the 21st century. Invasive species are now recognised as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity globally and in Ireland. The SIMBIOSYS Project contributed to addressing this challenge by studying the impacts of road developments on alien speci ...
... remains a key challenge of the 21st century. Invasive species are now recognised as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity globally and in Ireland. The SIMBIOSYS Project contributed to addressing this challenge by studying the impacts of road developments on alien speci ...
Life-History Differences among Coral Reef Sponges
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
Biodiversity effects on productivity and stability of marine macroalgal
... On the other hand, facilitation or partitioning of resources among species might be more common where resources are limited (Brooker and Callaghan 1998, Hooper et al. 2005), increasing complementarity effects. Studies that have crossed resource supply with species richness have so far provided spars ...
... On the other hand, facilitation or partitioning of resources among species might be more common where resources are limited (Brooker and Callaghan 1998, Hooper et al. 2005), increasing complementarity effects. Studies that have crossed resource supply with species richness have so far provided spars ...
Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge to Improve Holistic
... operate using a traditional organizational system (EspinozaTenorio 2010). However, this balance between society and nature is in danger because of external forces affecting fisheries management. For example, the politically convenient top-down decisions by the federal authorities modified the lagoon ...
... operate using a traditional organizational system (EspinozaTenorio 2010). However, this balance between society and nature is in danger because of external forces affecting fisheries management. For example, the politically convenient top-down decisions by the federal authorities modified the lagoon ...
Ants of Fraser Island
... they displace and do not disperse large seeds and sometimes no seeds at all. Some invasive ants such as Fire Ants are a serious pest to humans. The success of invasive ant species varies between locations according to environmental and biotic factors including which native species are present. There ...
... they displace and do not disperse large seeds and sometimes no seeds at all. Some invasive ants such as Fire Ants are a serious pest to humans. The success of invasive ant species varies between locations according to environmental and biotic factors including which native species are present. There ...
Lesson Overview - My Teacher Pages
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. Over time, more and more species can find suitable niches and survive. ...
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. Over time, more and more species can find suitable niches and survive. ...
AP-ES 5 13-14 V2
... • an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community - Habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow - Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = ...
... • an organism’s use of resources and its functional role in a community - Habitat use, food selection, role in energy and nutrient flow - Interactions with other individuals • Specialists = ...
tests for similarity and convergence of finch
... We are less certain whether guilds or entire communities of organisms have converged in some traits (e.g., species diversity) (Ricklefs and Travis 1980, Orians and Paine 1983, Blonde! eta!. 1984, Lawton 1984). The problem is of current interest for two main reasons. First, community convergence is a ...
... We are less certain whether guilds or entire communities of organisms have converged in some traits (e.g., species diversity) (Ricklefs and Travis 1980, Orians and Paine 1983, Blonde! eta!. 1984, Lawton 1984). The problem is of current interest for two main reasons. First, community convergence is a ...
Body-mass constraints on foraging behaviour determine population
... One key parameter of functional response models is the Hill exponent, h (see eqn. 1), which can be gradually varied to convert hyperbolic, type II (h = 1) into increasingly more sigmoid type III (h > 1) functional responses (Real 1977). An important stabilizing feature of such increases in the Hill ...
... One key parameter of functional response models is the Hill exponent, h (see eqn. 1), which can be gradually varied to convert hyperbolic, type II (h = 1) into increasingly more sigmoid type III (h > 1) functional responses (Real 1977). An important stabilizing feature of such increases in the Hill ...
Functional traits are more variable at the intra- than inter
... also quantified and related to plant functional trait variability. The intra-population functional trait variability was compared to the inter-population variability of collected data and global inter-population variability data obtained from the worldwide TRY functional traits database. The results ...
... also quantified and related to plant functional trait variability. The intra-population functional trait variability was compared to the inter-population variability of collected data and global inter-population variability data obtained from the worldwide TRY functional traits database. The results ...
Self-limitation as an explanation for species` relative abundances
... Community-level ecological theories focus on processes ranging from resource use and species interactions at the local scale to dispersal limitation and ecological equivalence at larger scales (Tilman 1982, Chesson 2000, Hubbell 2001, Levine and HilleRisLambers 2009). These processes often play an i ...
... Community-level ecological theories focus on processes ranging from resource use and species interactions at the local scale to dispersal limitation and ecological equivalence at larger scales (Tilman 1982, Chesson 2000, Hubbell 2001, Levine and HilleRisLambers 2009). These processes often play an i ...
Enhancing species distribution modeling by characterizing predator
... (i.e., hunting) should be geographically nested within the more general SDM distribution model. We show, however, that this expectation was not supported in a case study of the predator–prey interactions between the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and its primary prey, snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) ...
... (i.e., hunting) should be geographically nested within the more general SDM distribution model. We show, however, that this expectation was not supported in a case study of the predator–prey interactions between the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and its primary prey, snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) ...
Using standardized sampling designs from population ecology to
... reproduction as well as for sampling individuals for autecological experiments and genetic analysis. One might argue that studying vegetation diversity on these plots which had been selected from the perspective of population ecology cannot be more than a byproduct. On the contrary, we consider this ...
... reproduction as well as for sampling individuals for autecological experiments and genetic analysis. One might argue that studying vegetation diversity on these plots which had been selected from the perspective of population ecology cannot be more than a byproduct. On the contrary, we consider this ...
Chapter 54(Community Ecology)
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
Environmental and spatial drivers of taxonomic, functional
... aspects of communities (Tscharntke et al., 2012). Because fragmentation per se is a mesoscale phenomenon when associated with human land-conversion (i.e., scales between local and regional), processes that operate at mesoscales (e.g., environmental heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, dispersal li ...
... aspects of communities (Tscharntke et al., 2012). Because fragmentation per se is a mesoscale phenomenon when associated with human land-conversion (i.e., scales between local and regional), processes that operate at mesoscales (e.g., environmental heterogeneity, landscape connectivity, dispersal li ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.