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chapter 1 - diss.fu
... investigations revealed mixed results regarding the responses of herbivores towards habitat diversification. Generally, research work in this area wanted to assess the value of increased plant species diversity, for example achieved through intercropping or maintenance of weedy vegetation, as manage ...
... investigations revealed mixed results regarding the responses of herbivores towards habitat diversification. Generally, research work in this area wanted to assess the value of increased plant species diversity, for example achieved through intercropping or maintenance of weedy vegetation, as manage ...
Reintroducing captive breed species – the effects
... Through history, species has disappeared from their natural ranges due to anthropogenic activities. Although mankind has introduced species into the wild for over a millennia, it is only for the last 100 years conservationists have reintroduced species to their historical natural habitat, in an effo ...
... Through history, species has disappeared from their natural ranges due to anthropogenic activities. Although mankind has introduced species into the wild for over a millennia, it is only for the last 100 years conservationists have reintroduced species to their historical natural habitat, in an effo ...
Precipitation and aridity index regulating spatial patterns of
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning R E V I E W
... stable forest functions also requires multiple species. In particular in the light of global climatic change scenarios, which predict more frequent extreme disturbances and climatic events, it is important to incorporate insights from the relation between biodiversity and stability of ecosystem func ...
... stable forest functions also requires multiple species. In particular in the light of global climatic change scenarios, which predict more frequent extreme disturbances and climatic events, it is important to incorporate insights from the relation between biodiversity and stability of ecosystem func ...
hierarchical analysis of forest bird species
... Second, at the plot level, we hypothesized that vegetation structure would be more important than floristics, which would be more important than mapped vegetation cover classes in influencing bird community structure. It is widely thought that birds select habitats more strongly on the basis of stru ...
... Second, at the plot level, we hypothesized that vegetation structure would be more important than floristics, which would be more important than mapped vegetation cover classes in influencing bird community structure. It is widely thought that birds select habitats more strongly on the basis of stru ...
The Role of Hybrid Vigor in the Replacement of
... Unfortunately, the mechanisms that promote or retard gene flow between divergent populations are little studied and poorly understood. Like many imperiled fish species, the Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) is threatened with replacement by its hybrids with a close congener. We examined swimming ...
... Unfortunately, the mechanisms that promote or retard gene flow between divergent populations are little studied and poorly understood. Like many imperiled fish species, the Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis) is threatened with replacement by its hybrids with a close congener. We examined swimming ...
Long-term dynamics of biotic and abiotic resistance to exotic species
... influence population dynamics. We observed that, in general, exotic species were strongly and negatively affected by the relatively harsh abiotic conditions associated with pool inundation during the winter wet phase. Most exotic species were unable to tolerate extensive periods of inundation, and th ...
... influence population dynamics. We observed that, in general, exotic species were strongly and negatively affected by the relatively harsh abiotic conditions associated with pool inundation during the winter wet phase. Most exotic species were unable to tolerate extensive periods of inundation, and th ...
booklet of abstracts
... host cognition in wild fish populations. Using the ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, as a model, we tested whether chronic and acute exposure to ectoparasites affects the performance of hosts in a series of ecologically-relevant cognitive tasks (spatial recognition, reversal learning, visua ...
... host cognition in wild fish populations. Using the ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, as a model, we tested whether chronic and acute exposure to ectoparasites affects the performance of hosts in a series of ecologically-relevant cognitive tasks (spatial recognition, reversal learning, visua ...
2 How Do Population Changes Happen?
... $URING $ARWINS TIME A SCIENTIST NAMED 4HOMAS -ALTHUS WAS STUDYING HUMAN POPULATIONS (E OBSERVED ...
... $URING $ARWINS TIME A SCIENTIST NAMED 4HOMAS -ALTHUS WAS STUDYING HUMAN POPULATIONS (E OBSERVED ...
the evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies
... out. Third, populations or genotypes can be preadapted to a given selection factor or environmental condition. When they invade new habitats or geographic areas, or if their environment changes, their survival depends on whether their functional traits are suited to their environment. Thus, current ...
... out. Third, populations or genotypes can be preadapted to a given selection factor or environmental condition. When they invade new habitats or geographic areas, or if their environment changes, their survival depends on whether their functional traits are suited to their environment. Thus, current ...
Chemical cues, defence metabolites and the shaping of pelagic
... The pelagic bacterium Flectobacillus sp. shows high variation in cell size and reacts to chemical cues of its predators. In the presence of the bacterivorous flagellate Ochromonas sp., the bacteria produces long filamentous cells, which are harder to ingest [24]. This response was induced by infoche ...
... The pelagic bacterium Flectobacillus sp. shows high variation in cell size and reacts to chemical cues of its predators. In the presence of the bacterivorous flagellate Ochromonas sp., the bacteria produces long filamentous cells, which are harder to ingest [24]. This response was induced by infoche ...
David Brown - Montana State University
... Study of the basic and applied aspects of higher fungi, particularly in extreme environments such as the alpine life zone and high-elevation smelter-impacted sites ...
... Study of the basic and applied aspects of higher fungi, particularly in extreme environments such as the alpine life zone and high-elevation smelter-impacted sites ...
The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
... Various technical terms are introduced throughout this document. Some of these terms may be unfamiliar to readers who are not ecologists, while others have multiple connotations from differential usage. To reduce the potential for misunderstandings, key terms are explained in the manner in which the ...
What`s your trophic level and ecological efficiency
... should equal the sum of all portion values that you calculated above. Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic lev ...
... should equal the sum of all portion values that you calculated above. Step B: Divide the sum of all portions for each diet TL by the total of all portions to yield the fraction of your diet coming from each trophic level (B = A ÷ total portions). Step C: Multiply the fraction by the diet trophic lev ...
... The biological diversity of the earth and its origins have long been a source of amazement and curiosity, and an area of formal inquiry ever since Wallace and Darwin. Current interest in diversity centers both on why there are so many species and on how diversity impacts population and ecosystem pro ...
Interpreting the `selection effect` of biodiversity on ecosystem function
... the ‘dominance effect’, the ‘trait-dependent complementarity effect’, and the ‘trait-independent complementarity effect’. Dominance is equivalent to selection sensu Price (1970, 1972, 1995), and occurs when species with particular traits dominate at the expense of others. Trait-dependent complementa ...
... the ‘dominance effect’, the ‘trait-dependent complementarity effect’, and the ‘trait-independent complementarity effect’. Dominance is equivalent to selection sensu Price (1970, 1972, 1995), and occurs when species with particular traits dominate at the expense of others. Trait-dependent complementa ...
Declining interspecific competition during character displacement
... then reduced competition should be its legacy. We tested this expectation in an experiment whose treatments conformed as closely as possible to stages in the presumed histories of stickleback species pairs. McPhail (1994; Schluter and McPhail, 1992) proposed that each pair was formed by a process of ...
... then reduced competition should be its legacy. We tested this expectation in an experiment whose treatments conformed as closely as possible to stages in the presumed histories of stickleback species pairs. McPhail (1994; Schluter and McPhail, 1992) proposed that each pair was formed by a process of ...
ORIGIN, BIOGEOGRAPHICAL MIGRATIONS AND
... It also fails to acknowledge humans as a component of the ecosystem. Historically, the species composition of most plant communities has been a continuous, dynamic process of transitional diversification and recovery. It is likely the natural distribution of plant communities still would be differen ...
... It also fails to acknowledge humans as a component of the ecosystem. Historically, the species composition of most plant communities has been a continuous, dynamic process of transitional diversification and recovery. It is likely the natural distribution of plant communities still would be differen ...
Hypotheses on the role of the protistan rare biosphere in a changing
... particular environment. As a consequence of this incredible diversity, the species richness of most natural protistan assemblages is still poorly characterized. One question that has arisen from these studies is whether the taxa comprising the rare biosphere play significant roles in community funct ...
... particular environment. As a consequence of this incredible diversity, the species richness of most natural protistan assemblages is still poorly characterized. One question that has arisen from these studies is whether the taxa comprising the rare biosphere play significant roles in community funct ...
Social and landscape effects on food webs: a
... [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interactions linking the community and the landscape level. For pitcher plant metacommunities, it was shown ho ...
... [9] for pitcher plants and [10] for beetles). In butterfly associated metacommunities, van Nouhuys and Hanski [8] present the competition/dispersal trade-off and several other multi-species interactions linking the community and the landscape level. For pitcher plant metacommunities, it was shown ho ...
Interactions among invaders: community and ecosystem effects of
... impacts remains limited (Pyšek et al. 2008), particularly at scales extending beyond the population level (see Parker et al. 1999). When community or ecosystem-level changes are associated with an invasion, the direct and indirect mechanisms responsible are often unknown or confounded by other form ...
... impacts remains limited (Pyšek et al. 2008), particularly at scales extending beyond the population level (see Parker et al. 1999). When community or ecosystem-level changes are associated with an invasion, the direct and indirect mechanisms responsible are often unknown or confounded by other form ...
Climate modifies response of non
... nutrient enrichment, plants respond faster to changes in soil resources and to increased carbon sequestration, leading to changes in community composition [29,31]. Similarly, experimental water and nutrient availability manipulations lead to changes in species richness or cover, suggesting that resp ...
... nutrient enrichment, plants respond faster to changes in soil resources and to increased carbon sequestration, leading to changes in community composition [29,31]. Similarly, experimental water and nutrient availability manipulations lead to changes in species richness or cover, suggesting that resp ...
Netted Chain Fern - Woodwardia areolata
... chain fern. Another fern that may be confused with this species is sensitive fern (Onoclea senisbilis). Both species often occur in the same habitat. Sensitive fern also has dimorphic fronds, but the pinnae of both types are usually oppositely arranged. The sporangia (sori) of Onoclea are enclosed ...
... chain fern. Another fern that may be confused with this species is sensitive fern (Onoclea senisbilis). Both species often occur in the same habitat. Sensitive fern also has dimorphic fronds, but the pinnae of both types are usually oppositely arranged. The sporangia (sori) of Onoclea are enclosed ...
pptx
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
... “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for species coexistence regardless of the mechanism.” “some subset of the co-o ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.