![whole_diss_fin_draft[2].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003062193_1-403191215a31a029a5378703dc2a9577-300x300.png)
whole_diss_fin_draft[2].
... member lying anterior to the left. Male lizards possess a pair of hemipenes. At rest these form a bulge at the base of the tail which often allows the sex of an individual to be ascertained. During mating only one hemipene is used for copulation. Fertilization is internal in all reptiles (Beebee, 20 ...
... member lying anterior to the left. Male lizards possess a pair of hemipenes. At rest these form a bulge at the base of the tail which often allows the sex of an individual to be ascertained. During mating only one hemipene is used for copulation. Fertilization is internal in all reptiles (Beebee, 20 ...
Niche Evolution, Trophic Structure, and Species Turnover in Model
... Like previous evolutionary assembly models, our model requires predator interference to sustain food webs of more than a few species (e.g., Drossel et al. 2004; Loeuille and Loreau 2005; Guill and Drossel 2008). Interference competition promotes diversity in this model by intensifying interactions w ...
... Like previous evolutionary assembly models, our model requires predator interference to sustain food webs of more than a few species (e.g., Drossel et al. 2004; Loeuille and Loreau 2005; Guill and Drossel 2008). Interference competition promotes diversity in this model by intensifying interactions w ...
Depth segregation phenomenon and the macrofaunal diversity associated to
... characterized by a biodiversity which has not hither to been studied, making difficult the implementation of suitable management measures. A study was undertaken to evaluate the existence of depth segregation between Acanthocardia tuberculata and Callista chione adults and juveniles in populations t ...
... characterized by a biodiversity which has not hither to been studied, making difficult the implementation of suitable management measures. A study was undertaken to evaluate the existence of depth segregation between Acanthocardia tuberculata and Callista chione adults and juveniles in populations t ...
Biodiversity, Habitat Area, Resource Growth Rate and Interference
... documents cases of interspecific interference among African carnivores, specifically the killing of cheetah cubs by lions and hyaenas. Tannerfeldt et al. (2002) discuss similar dynamics between fox species. Although the popular logistic growth equation (x (t)/x(t) = r(1 − x(t)/K )) for single spec ...
... documents cases of interspecific interference among African carnivores, specifically the killing of cheetah cubs by lions and hyaenas. Tannerfeldt et al. (2002) discuss similar dynamics between fox species. Although the popular logistic growth equation (x (t)/x(t) = r(1 − x(t)/K )) for single spec ...
Relationships between biodiversity and
... arthropods, birds, non-bird vertebrates, plants, and soil organisms. The benefits of organic farming were greatest for the rarest species in conventional systems (Crowder et al., 2012). Other reviews (Bengtsson et al., 2005; Hole et al., 2005) have shown similar positive impacts of organic farming on ...
... arthropods, birds, non-bird vertebrates, plants, and soil organisms. The benefits of organic farming were greatest for the rarest species in conventional systems (Crowder et al., 2012). Other reviews (Bengtsson et al., 2005; Hole et al., 2005) have shown similar positive impacts of organic farming on ...
Cockroaches: Ecology, Behavior, and Natural History. William J. Bell
... negative reaction, usually associated with unhygienic conditions, disease, and general disgust. This is understandable because most people (including many biologists who do not study cockroaches) are ...
... negative reaction, usually associated with unhygienic conditions, disease, and general disgust. This is understandable because most people (including many biologists who do not study cockroaches) are ...
Determinants of the detrital arthropod community structure: the
... interaction between food addition and microclimate alteration and whether there is an interaction between food addition and elevation. Second, we tested the hypotheses that microclimate alteration reduces arthropod abundance and richness and that food resource addition increases arthropod abundance ...
... interaction between food addition and microclimate alteration and whether there is an interaction between food addition and elevation. Second, we tested the hypotheses that microclimate alteration reduces arthropod abundance and richness and that food resource addition increases arthropod abundance ...
press perturbations and the predictability of ecological interactions
... linkage with species i (e.g., predation or interference competition) and all possible indirect pathways through which species i and j are connected via linkages with intermediary species. The use of the inverse of the community matrix to quantify interaction strength is important for several reasons ...
... linkage with species i (e.g., predation or interference competition) and all possible indirect pathways through which species i and j are connected via linkages with intermediary species. The use of the inverse of the community matrix to quantify interaction strength is important for several reasons ...
Ecological niches occupied by in South African rangeland communities Dichapetalum cymosum
... livestock industry throughout the world, especially in those areas where rangeland and pasture grazing are practiced. In the livestock industry in South Africa, total annual costs of plant and fungal poisoning (mycotoxicosis) are conservatively estimated to be R104 506 077, 8% of which is due to D. ...
... livestock industry throughout the world, especially in those areas where rangeland and pasture grazing are practiced. In the livestock industry in South Africa, total annual costs of plant and fungal poisoning (mycotoxicosis) are conservatively estimated to be R104 506 077, 8% of which is due to D. ...
Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services.
... 2005). These ecosystems provide food, shelter, recycling, and other support mechanisms that human communities require, but fundamental services are declining as ecosystems are unraveled by human impacts (Palmer et al. 2004). Marine ecosystems (Figure 1) provide a constellation of services: they prod ...
... 2005). These ecosystems provide food, shelter, recycling, and other support mechanisms that human communities require, but fundamental services are declining as ecosystems are unraveled by human impacts (Palmer et al. 2004). Marine ecosystems (Figure 1) provide a constellation of services: they prod ...
Freese Scale for Grassland Biodiversity
... These impacts on rivers and streams pose a threat to many aquatic species, as evidenced by the fact that 29 species of Great Plains fish in the United States are Streams create diverse habitats and play a variety of federally list as vulnerable, threatened or endangered. ecological roles in the worl ...
... These impacts on rivers and streams pose a threat to many aquatic species, as evidenced by the fact that 29 species of Great Plains fish in the United States are Streams create diverse habitats and play a variety of federally list as vulnerable, threatened or endangered. ecological roles in the worl ...
Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive
... but potentially interacting processes. In the first, demographic decline results in population extirpation and eventually the total extinction of the species. In the second, introgressive hybridization erodes differentiation until species collapse into a hybrid swarm3. A special case of introgressiv ...
... but potentially interacting processes. In the first, demographic decline results in population extirpation and eventually the total extinction of the species. In the second, introgressive hybridization erodes differentiation until species collapse into a hybrid swarm3. A special case of introgressiv ...
Weighting and indirect effects identify keystone species in food webs
... There has been a tradition of binary descriptions in many network studies, reflecting the relative ease of data collection, but there is a growing appreciation that this qualitative network structure is often uninformative (Jord an et al. 2006). An increasing number of studies now consider weighted ...
... There has been a tradition of binary descriptions in many network studies, reflecting the relative ease of data collection, but there is a growing appreciation that this qualitative network structure is often uninformative (Jord an et al. 2006). An increasing number of studies now consider weighted ...
Assessing the role of sexual selection in adaptive radiation of the
... mating preferences for them to adaptive radiation has not been thoroughly evaluated. Nevertheless, such mechanisms include: 1) a ‘Fisherian’ runaway process driven by a genetic link between an ornamental trait possessed by males and a mating preference for the ornament possessed by females (Fisher 1 ...
... mating preferences for them to adaptive radiation has not been thoroughly evaluated. Nevertheless, such mechanisms include: 1) a ‘Fisherian’ runaway process driven by a genetic link between an ornamental trait possessed by males and a mating preference for the ornament possessed by females (Fisher 1 ...
Monsoon Vine Thickets Monsoon Vine Thickets
... during the wet attracts many birds, bats, and other mammals as well as migratory species like the channelbilled cuckoo and pied pigeon. ...
... during the wet attracts many birds, bats, and other mammals as well as migratory species like the channelbilled cuckoo and pied pigeon. ...
network topology and biodiversity loss in food webs: robustness
... and methodologies (Table 1). The webs studied, in order of increasing connectance, are (1) Grassland: co-occurring grass species and their associated endophytic insects in Great Britain, (2) Scotch Broom: primarily insects associated with the Scotch broom shrub Cytisus scoparius in Silwood Park, Eng ...
... and methodologies (Table 1). The webs studied, in order of increasing connectance, are (1) Grassland: co-occurring grass species and their associated endophytic insects in Great Britain, (2) Scotch Broom: primarily insects associated with the Scotch broom shrub Cytisus scoparius in Silwood Park, Eng ...
metacommunity influences on community richness at multiple spatial
... effect. Treatments were replicated four times. One replicate from the high-dispersal/intermediate/initialbeta-0 design was removed due to fungal contamination. Biological communities Each local patch consisted of 100 mL of sterilized nutrient medium with 0.55 g/L of protozoa pellets (Carolina Biolog ...
... effect. Treatments were replicated four times. One replicate from the high-dispersal/intermediate/initialbeta-0 design was removed due to fungal contamination. Biological communities Each local patch consisted of 100 mL of sterilized nutrient medium with 0.55 g/L of protozoa pellets (Carolina Biolog ...
Coexistence, niches and biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning
... these opposing forces: if fitness differences are large, then stabilising forces will have to be correspondingly large to prevent competitive exclusion (Adler et al. 2007). Stabilising forces result from what are commonly called niche differences, and cause species to limit themselves more than they ...
... these opposing forces: if fitness differences are large, then stabilising forces will have to be correspondingly large to prevent competitive exclusion (Adler et al. 2007). Stabilising forces result from what are commonly called niche differences, and cause species to limit themselves more than they ...
Korapuki Island restoration plan
... the terrestrial systems of Korapuki I. were modelled using interaction webs, and compared with those on Middle I. Predictive models for systems on Korapuki I. in 20 years were developed. Topographic and geological differences between Middle and Korapuki Is are likely to influence the final form of e ...
... the terrestrial systems of Korapuki I. were modelled using interaction webs, and compared with those on Middle I. Predictive models for systems on Korapuki I. in 20 years were developed. Topographic and geological differences between Middle and Korapuki Is are likely to influence the final form of e ...
2007-2008 - Illinois Natural History Survey
... both reflect and support the active roles that our scientists continue to play in efforts to improve knowledge of Earth’s biological diversity. The INHS biological collections, assembled by Survey scientists and others over the past 150 years, and in many cases worldwide in scope, are a unique and i ...
... both reflect and support the active roles that our scientists continue to play in efforts to improve knowledge of Earth’s biological diversity. The INHS biological collections, assembled by Survey scientists and others over the past 150 years, and in many cases worldwide in scope, are a unique and i ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of
... there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats to Hawai'i's marine resources, we need to first document their current distribution a ...
... there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats to Hawai'i's marine resources, we need to first document their current distribution a ...
FORESTRY 215 - FOREST ECOLOGY SYLLABUS SPRING 2017
... species to abiotic factors such as aspect, slope, temperature, wind, light, moisture, nutrients, and fire. 3) To explore forest properties and processes at the scales of communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. By the end of the course, students should be able to read the lay of the land in relation ...
... species to abiotic factors such as aspect, slope, temperature, wind, light, moisture, nutrients, and fire. 3) To explore forest properties and processes at the scales of communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. By the end of the course, students should be able to read the lay of the land in relation ...
2002 Benthic Ecology Meeting, Tallahassee, Florida
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the alteration of ecosystems, reduction of biodiversity, and decline of commercially important species. The question of how disturbance affects invasibility has been examined through theoretical and correlati ...
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the alteration of ecosystems, reduction of biodiversity, and decline of commercially important species. The question of how disturbance affects invasibility has been examined through theoretical and correlati ...
Biodiversity as spatial insurance: the effects of habitat fragmentation
... conditions have been shown to saturate at relatively low to moderate levels, even when several functions are considered simultaneously (Hector and Bagchi 2007). The relevance of results from biodiversity and ecosystem function experiments, given the rapid saturation of biodiversity effects, has ques ...
... conditions have been shown to saturate at relatively low to moderate levels, even when several functions are considered simultaneously (Hector and Bagchi 2007). The relevance of results from biodiversity and ecosystem function experiments, given the rapid saturation of biodiversity effects, has ques ...
Potential value of indicator species for conservation
... obviously inappropriate for descriptions and comparisons of natural ecosystem biodiversity, where we do not yet even know the majority of species relationships. The magnitude of the task of understanding biodiversity requires the use of tools that are most readily available. Published knowledge has ...
... obviously inappropriate for descriptions and comparisons of natural ecosystem biodiversity, where we do not yet even know the majority of species relationships. The magnitude of the task of understanding biodiversity requires the use of tools that are most readily available. Published knowledge has ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.