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... choice that depends on the phenotypic traits of an individual, and where individuals with a given phenotype try to settle in the environment that best matches its capacities to use this environment. For example, because intake rate is highest when seeds fit well in a bird’s bill during processing, a ...
... choice that depends on the phenotypic traits of an individual, and where individuals with a given phenotype try to settle in the environment that best matches its capacities to use this environment. For example, because intake rate is highest when seeds fit well in a bird’s bill during processing, a ...
Population Viability Analysis Annual Review of Ecology and
... heterogeneity is one of the most important mechanisms maintaining genetic variation in natural populations (63). Whether or not this pertains to the importance of inbreeding in natural populations has become the source of a fascinating debate (112, 130), but irrespective of this, there is no questio ...
... heterogeneity is one of the most important mechanisms maintaining genetic variation in natural populations (63). Whether or not this pertains to the importance of inbreeding in natural populations has become the source of a fascinating debate (112, 130), but irrespective of this, there is no questio ...
1PBIOL - PP8 (Limiting Factors) - youngs-wiki
... factors cause populations to increase or decrease. For example, if there is an unlimited amount of food, water, and space, populations can grow very quickly. Without any limits, 10 breeding pairs of rabbits could expand to 10 million breeding pairs in only 3 years. In a healthy, properly functioning ...
... factors cause populations to increase or decrease. For example, if there is an unlimited amount of food, water, and space, populations can grow very quickly. Without any limits, 10 breeding pairs of rabbits could expand to 10 million breeding pairs in only 3 years. In a healthy, properly functioning ...
Population density of North American elk
... of the ecosystem. Large mammals have unique population dynamics, they exhibit strong density-dependent population growth (McCullough 1979; Stewart et al. 2005), and unique life-history characteristics; those species are not simply small mammals scaled large (Caughley and Krebs 1983). Dynamics and de ...
... of the ecosystem. Large mammals have unique population dynamics, they exhibit strong density-dependent population growth (McCullough 1979; Stewart et al. 2005), and unique life-history characteristics; those species are not simply small mammals scaled large (Caughley and Krebs 1983). Dynamics and de ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of Nonindigenous and
... musciformis, to reproduce via fragmentation or cloning was examined both in the field and at the Waikı̄kı̄ Aquarium. Several individuals of each species were collected in the field from Kahala Reef, O‘ahu, and were transported in seawater to the Waikı̄kı̄ Aquarium. Individuals were cut into four siz ...
... musciformis, to reproduce via fragmentation or cloning was examined both in the field and at the Waikı̄kı̄ Aquarium. Several individuals of each species were collected in the field from Kahala Reef, O‘ahu, and were transported in seawater to the Waikı̄kı̄ Aquarium. Individuals were cut into four siz ...
Species richness and environmental fluctuation affect population
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
... reducing its synchrony with other populations of same species. More direct evidence for the significant role of species interactions comes from experimental work by Vasseur and Fox (2009), who have demonstrated that both dispersal and the Moran effect (i.e., the correlated environmental variation th ...
Population
... • Population ecology = investigates the quantitative dynamics of how individuals within a species interact • Community ecology = focuses on interactions among species • Ecosystem ecology = studies living and nonliving components of systems to reveal patterns ...
... • Population ecology = investigates the quantitative dynamics of how individuals within a species interact • Community ecology = focuses on interactions among species • Ecosystem ecology = studies living and nonliving components of systems to reveal patterns ...
Body size, trophic level, and the use of fish as transmission routes by parasites.
... what proportion of its parasites will use it as an intermediate rather than definitive host. One property of host species, i.e., their body size, is associated with their trophic level and vulnerability, and possibly also with how many parasites they harbour. Since predators are larger than their pr ...
... what proportion of its parasites will use it as an intermediate rather than definitive host. One property of host species, i.e., their body size, is associated with their trophic level and vulnerability, and possibly also with how many parasites they harbour. Since predators are larger than their pr ...
Advantages and disadvantages of interferencecompetitive ability
... can be favored because they can more-efficiently use resources that are in short supply in established communities (under an exploitative model), or individuals with large resource requirements can be favored because they are able to overcome resource limitation by seizing resources from established i ...
... can be favored because they can more-efficiently use resources that are in short supply in established communities (under an exploitative model), or individuals with large resource requirements can be favored because they are able to overcome resource limitation by seizing resources from established i ...
Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reef
... ABSTRACT: Functional diversity in biological communities is critical for providing the full suite of ecosystem functions and services, yet the relationship between functional diversity and species richness — how diversity is usually measured — remains largely unknown. Here we evaluate empirically ho ...
... ABSTRACT: Functional diversity in biological communities is critical for providing the full suite of ecosystem functions and services, yet the relationship between functional diversity and species richness — how diversity is usually measured — remains largely unknown. Here we evaluate empirically ho ...
Trophic Dynamics in Urban Communities By
... Ecologists have long debated what factors control the trophic (feeding) structure and function of ecosystems. This is more than just a matter of determining “who eats whom”; ecologists have pondered whether there are fundamental rules for determining (a) how many trophic levels an ecosystem can supp ...
... Ecologists have long debated what factors control the trophic (feeding) structure and function of ecosystems. This is more than just a matter of determining “who eats whom”; ecologists have pondered whether there are fundamental rules for determining (a) how many trophic levels an ecosystem can supp ...
Behavioural and physiological traits to thermal stress tolerance in
... another example in the hot Mediterranean summer, thermal constraints may generate within- and betweenhabitat variation in the composition and size structure of insect pollinator assemblages (Herrera, 1997). A stress can be defined (Parker et al. 1999) as ...
... another example in the hot Mediterranean summer, thermal constraints may generate within- and betweenhabitat variation in the composition and size structure of insect pollinator assemblages (Herrera, 1997). A stress can be defined (Parker et al. 1999) as ...
Ambiguous, circular and polysemous: students
... Similarly, a potential for circular reasoning exists: if nature appears as it “ought to,” then the system is balanced; if not, then the balance has been disrupted. That is, when the phrase “balance of nature” is used in public discourse it may have the simultaneous effect of (a) conveying the impres ...
... Similarly, a potential for circular reasoning exists: if nature appears as it “ought to,” then the system is balanced; if not, then the balance has been disrupted. That is, when the phrase “balance of nature” is used in public discourse it may have the simultaneous effect of (a) conveying the impres ...
application for
... State and Commonwealth laws. A species will only be considered as a candidate for translocation if possession of the species does not conflict with the restrictions imposed under the legislation. Such legislation may relate to the survival of a species or to the ecosystem in which it occurs or where ...
... State and Commonwealth laws. A species will only be considered as a candidate for translocation if possession of the species does not conflict with the restrictions imposed under the legislation. Such legislation may relate to the survival of a species or to the ecosystem in which it occurs or where ...
New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science
... Given the increasing problem of invasions by forest insects, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for managing them. Trends of escalating globalisation impede ongoing efforts to limit the arrival of new species. Consequently, either preventing establishment (through eradication) o ...
... Given the increasing problem of invasions by forest insects, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for managing them. Trends of escalating globalisation impede ongoing efforts to limit the arrival of new species. Consequently, either preventing establishment (through eradication) o ...
Biodiversity and the Functioning of Selected Terrestrial Ecosystems
... to cover 38% of the land surface of the earth. They are, therefore, a major component of the biosphere and house a large portion of the earth’s biodiversity. However, the study of the functioning of agroecosystems, and managed ecosystems more generally, has conventionally formed a distinct disciplin ...
... to cover 38% of the land surface of the earth. They are, therefore, a major component of the biosphere and house a large portion of the earth’s biodiversity. However, the study of the functioning of agroecosystems, and managed ecosystems more generally, has conventionally formed a distinct disciplin ...
The importance of coarse woody debris for bryophyte vegetation of
... determination of dead wood dependent assemblages are not always obvious. At large geographical scale the potential bryophyte vegetation on logs (the species pool) is closely related to the major vegetation (and climatic) types. For example in British Columbia, most of the epixylic species have a nar ...
... determination of dead wood dependent assemblages are not always obvious. At large geographical scale the potential bryophyte vegetation on logs (the species pool) is closely related to the major vegetation (and climatic) types. For example in British Columbia, most of the epixylic species have a nar ...
methods - San Francisco State University
... flows and increased salinities would affect many species that depend on the estuary and rivers. While several studies have examined current ecological conditions along the salinity gradient (Atwater et al. 1979, Pearcy and Ustin 1984), few have investigated how ecological systems in the estuary woul ...
... flows and increased salinities would affect many species that depend on the estuary and rivers. While several studies have examined current ecological conditions along the salinity gradient (Atwater et al. 1979, Pearcy and Ustin 1984), few have investigated how ecological systems in the estuary woul ...
1 - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... and high in phenolics, on soils that are low in all nutrients, particularly phosphate. Northup et al. (1998) ...
... and high in phenolics, on soils that are low in all nutrients, particularly phosphate. Northup et al. (1998) ...
Study Guide for Final
... 16. Understand how energy and nutrients (matter) move through ecosystems. 17. Understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics 18. Understand the biogeochemical cycles and their components: carbon cycle; water cycle; nitrogen cycle. Be able to explain and diagram each cycle. 19. Understand the ...
... 16. Understand how energy and nutrients (matter) move through ecosystems. 17. Understand the first and second laws of thermodynamics 18. Understand the biogeochemical cycles and their components: carbon cycle; water cycle; nitrogen cycle. Be able to explain and diagram each cycle. 19. Understand the ...
Seafarers or castaways: ecological traits associated with rafting
... which are deployed to enhance fisheries by attracting pelagic fish (Castro et al., 2002; Dempster & Taquet, 2004) and are structurally similar to aggregations of flotsam such as logs. We did not consider species that were only recorded in association with oilrigs as rafters because these large struc ...
... which are deployed to enhance fisheries by attracting pelagic fish (Castro et al., 2002; Dempster & Taquet, 2004) and are structurally similar to aggregations of flotsam such as logs. We did not consider species that were only recorded in association with oilrigs as rafters because these large struc ...
Full text in pdf format
... depth gradient, and the community became dominated by polychaetes, nematodes and nemerteans. Seawards, within the relict sediments (deeper than 25 m), species richness and abundance decreased again. The community patterns also changed in response to the occurrence of strongly hydrodynamic episodes ( ...
... depth gradient, and the community became dominated by polychaetes, nematodes and nemerteans. Seawards, within the relict sediments (deeper than 25 m), species richness and abundance decreased again. The community patterns also changed in response to the occurrence of strongly hydrodynamic episodes ( ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... One of the predicted main drivers of future species extinction is climate change. If the local climate becomes adverse, a species can either migrate to new and better areas or ...
... One of the predicted main drivers of future species extinction is climate change. If the local climate becomes adverse, a species can either migrate to new and better areas or ...
Ch 54 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... the subsequent quality of litter produced following leaf senescence are associated with the diversity of plant resource-acquisition strategies in a given biome (Aerts 1996; Reich et al. 1997; Aerts & Chapin 2000; Grime 2001; Diaz et al. 2004; Wright et al. 2004). Green leaf traits are modulated only ...
... the subsequent quality of litter produced following leaf senescence are associated with the diversity of plant resource-acquisition strategies in a given biome (Aerts 1996; Reich et al. 1997; Aerts & Chapin 2000; Grime 2001; Diaz et al. 2004; Wright et al. 2004). Green leaf traits are modulated only ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.