Olden et al. 2011 rusties
... Abstract. Despite the widespread introduction of nonnative species and the heterogeneity of ecosystems in their sensitivity to ecological impacts, few studies have assessed ecosystem vulnerability to the entire invasion process, from arrival to establishment and impacts. Our study addresses this cha ...
... Abstract. Despite the widespread introduction of nonnative species and the heterogeneity of ecosystems in their sensitivity to ecological impacts, few studies have assessed ecosystem vulnerability to the entire invasion process, from arrival to establishment and impacts. Our study addresses this cha ...
Role of niche restrictions and dispersal in the composition of
... from GenBank. Gl. intraradices strains have been documented to contain considerable genetic diversity in the ITS region (Jansa et al. 2002), which could be one potential explanation for this result. In other cases, ribotypes from morphologically different spores were within 2 bp of each other and th ...
... from GenBank. Gl. intraradices strains have been documented to contain considerable genetic diversity in the ITS region (Jansa et al. 2002), which could be one potential explanation for this result. In other cases, ribotypes from morphologically different spores were within 2 bp of each other and th ...
ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY
... animal groups) and read them thoroughly. 2. give one copy to the instructor on 2nd Oct. during class. 3. find out the following and include them in the presentation: a. what morphological techniques are used. b. how the species or the morphology is described: the logical arrangements. c. are there a ...
... animal groups) and read them thoroughly. 2. give one copy to the instructor on 2nd Oct. during class. 3. find out the following and include them in the presentation: a. what morphological techniques are used. b. how the species or the morphology is described: the logical arrangements. c. are there a ...
Emerging patterns in the comparative analysis of phylogenetic
... 1996) — with the notable exception of interest in speciesper-genus ratios (Elton 1946; Moreau 1948; Williams 1964; Järvinen 1982). Since an early attempt to perform a phylogenetic analysis of community structure (Webb 2000), and a review of the theoretical and empirical roots of such methods (Webb e ...
... 1996) — with the notable exception of interest in speciesper-genus ratios (Elton 1946; Moreau 1948; Williams 1964; Järvinen 1982). Since an early attempt to perform a phylogenetic analysis of community structure (Webb 2000), and a review of the theoretical and empirical roots of such methods (Webb e ...
Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of
... the perimeter of the study area than in the 28 plots that were surrounded by other experimental plots, which potentially reduced opportunity for re-colonisation. Second, we tested whether the observed lack of recovery depended on neighbour plot richness (Hawthorne 2012), which was quantified as the ...
... the perimeter of the study area than in the 28 plots that were surrounded by other experimental plots, which potentially reduced opportunity for re-colonisation. Second, we tested whether the observed lack of recovery depended on neighbour plot richness (Hawthorne 2012), which was quantified as the ...
Ecological Heterogeneity in the Effects of Grazing and Fire on
... Abstract: Grazing and fire and are major forces shaping patterns of native and exotic species diversity in many grasslands, yet both of these disturbances have notoriously variable effects. Few studies have examined how landscape-level heterogeneity in grassland characteristics, such as soil-based v ...
... Abstract: Grazing and fire and are major forces shaping patterns of native and exotic species diversity in many grasslands, yet both of these disturbances have notoriously variable effects. Few studies have examined how landscape-level heterogeneity in grassland characteristics, such as soil-based v ...
Spatio-temporal community dynamics induced by frequency
... elucidate the importance of frequency or density dependent effects on spatio-temporal dynamics in plant communities. In a single species model with an Allee effect (positive intraspecific density dependence at low frequencies), the ability of small local initial adult distributions to establish and p ...
... elucidate the importance of frequency or density dependent effects on spatio-temporal dynamics in plant communities. In a single species model with an Allee effect (positive intraspecific density dependence at low frequencies), the ability of small local initial adult distributions to establish and p ...
Taking species abundance distributions beyond
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
... being compared are roughly of same size, so that an individual of one species is comparable to an individual of any of the others.’’ This assumption is likely violated in natural systems for several reasons. First, within and between communities, speciesÕ body-sizes typically vary by several orders ...
Local adaptation and ecological genetics of host
... its habitat and all life stages of O. elongata can be found on both host-species. The shortest distance between any of these populations is at least 200 km and they are separated by high altitude mountain ranges (2500 m –4000 m) making gene flow between the populations extremely unlikely. The single ...
... its habitat and all life stages of O. elongata can be found on both host-species. The shortest distance between any of these populations is at least 200 km and they are separated by high altitude mountain ranges (2500 m –4000 m) making gene flow between the populations extremely unlikely. The single ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... 1.4 times more biomass than the average monoculture (Cardinale et al. 2011). This result was consistent for both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Cardinale and colleagues went on to fit a variety of mathematical functions to the observed diversity–productivity relationships and found that 79% of the ...
... 1.4 times more biomass than the average monoculture (Cardinale et al. 2011). This result was consistent for both aquatic and terrestrial systems. Cardinale and colleagues went on to fit a variety of mathematical functions to the observed diversity–productivity relationships and found that 79% of the ...
Evolution, biodiversity, and Population Ecology
... • Population ecology = investigates the quantitative dynamics of how individuals within a species interact • Community ecology = focuses on interactions among species • Ecosystem ecology = studies living and nonliving components of systems to reveal patterns ...
... • Population ecology = investigates the quantitative dynamics of how individuals within a species interact • Community ecology = focuses on interactions among species • Ecosystem ecology = studies living and nonliving components of systems to reveal patterns ...
The vulnerability of provincially rare species (species-at
... Certain species considered provincially rare in the Lake Simcoe watershed including some listed as threatened or endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act (Statutes of Ontario 2007), may be at risk of extirpation due to adverse effects of natural and/or anthropogenic stressors. Climate chang ...
... Certain species considered provincially rare in the Lake Simcoe watershed including some listed as threatened or endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act (Statutes of Ontario 2007), may be at risk of extirpation due to adverse effects of natural and/or anthropogenic stressors. Climate chang ...
A patch-dynamic framework for food web metacommunities
... densities represented independent probabilities, which will not be the case if the viability of either of the species involved in a consumer–resource interaction is in any way specially affected by the interaction itself. Broadly speaking, there are two possible approaches to successfully incorporat ...
... densities represented independent probabilities, which will not be the case if the viability of either of the species involved in a consumer–resource interaction is in any way specially affected by the interaction itself. Broadly speaking, there are two possible approaches to successfully incorporat ...
Theme 2 – Scientific Highlight
... How will acidification interact with other climate change stressors to set biogeographical limits? What will be the impact on biological control (predation, competition, ecosystem engineers, keystone species)? Will adaptation mitigate the effects of ocean acidification? ...
... How will acidification interact with other climate change stressors to set biogeographical limits? What will be the impact on biological control (predation, competition, ecosystem engineers, keystone species)? Will adaptation mitigate the effects of ocean acidification? ...
Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the
... Young, K. A. 2001. Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the competition hypothesis with juvenile salmonids. – Oikos 95: 87 – 93. I experimentally tested two predictions of the hypothesis that the positive relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity arises from a reductio ...
... Young, K. A. 2001. Habitat diversity and species diversity: testing the competition hypothesis with juvenile salmonids. – Oikos 95: 87 – 93. I experimentally tested two predictions of the hypothesis that the positive relationship between habitat diversity and species diversity arises from a reductio ...
“balance of nature” metaphor
... Similarly, a potential for circular reasoning exists: if nature appears as it “ought to,” then the system is balanced; if not, then the balance has been disrupted. That is, when the phrase “balance of nature” is used in public discourse it may have the simultaneous effect of (a) conveying the impres ...
... Similarly, a potential for circular reasoning exists: if nature appears as it “ought to,” then the system is balanced; if not, then the balance has been disrupted. That is, when the phrase “balance of nature” is used in public discourse it may have the simultaneous effect of (a) conveying the impres ...
Node-by-node disassembly of a mutualistic interaction web driven
... coextinctions and the disassembly of interaction webs (11, 15). Despite the obvious direct effects of exotic ungulates and the German wasp, using metaanalysis, we found that some of the indirect effects were stronger than the direct effects (Fig. 4). Browsing by exotic ungulates on A. chilensis redu ...
... coextinctions and the disassembly of interaction webs (11, 15). Despite the obvious direct effects of exotic ungulates and the German wasp, using metaanalysis, we found that some of the indirect effects were stronger than the direct effects (Fig. 4). Browsing by exotic ungulates on A. chilensis redu ...
matching habitat choice causes directed gene flow
... choice that depends on the phenotypic traits of an individual, and where individuals with a given phenotype try to settle in the environment that best matches its capacities to use this environment. For example, because intake rate is highest when seeds fit well in a bird’s bill during processing, a ...
... choice that depends on the phenotypic traits of an individual, and where individuals with a given phenotype try to settle in the environment that best matches its capacities to use this environment. For example, because intake rate is highest when seeds fit well in a bird’s bill during processing, a ...
Ecological Design Process, the Way toward Improve Modern Sustainable Architectural Design
... being have a new point view than what earlier was that is referred to type of architecture. Built environment and its application should be distinguished completely and its measure depends on benefits to human. The object of this work is expression of executive instructions for ecological design: re ...
... being have a new point view than what earlier was that is referred to type of architecture. Built environment and its application should be distinguished completely and its measure depends on benefits to human. The object of this work is expression of executive instructions for ecological design: re ...
Do persistent rare species experience stronger negative frequency
... both intra- and interspecific competition. If a series of unfavourable years pushes it to the brink of extinction, it will still suffer from strong interspecific competition from more abundant competitors, limiting the rate at which it can rebound to its (stochastic) equilibrium abundance, and incre ...
... both intra- and interspecific competition. If a series of unfavourable years pushes it to the brink of extinction, it will still suffer from strong interspecific competition from more abundant competitors, limiting the rate at which it can rebound to its (stochastic) equilibrium abundance, and incre ...
Evolutionary determinants of morphological polymorphism
... Modules of colonial organisms originate asexually as clones and typically remain physically and physiologically connected (Beklemishev 1969; Jackson 1979a). Colonies reproduce sexually although clonal reproduction of new colonies is common (Hughes and Cancino 1986; Jackson 1986; Jackson and Coates 1 ...
... Modules of colonial organisms originate asexually as clones and typically remain physically and physiologically connected (Beklemishev 1969; Jackson 1979a). Colonies reproduce sexually although clonal reproduction of new colonies is common (Hughes and Cancino 1986; Jackson 1986; Jackson and Coates 1 ...
Full Text
... A recent study conducted in the African savannah has pointed out that the structure and functioning of vertebrate scavenging assemblages is largely dependent on carcass size (Moleón et al. 2015). The relationship between the particle size of the food resource and community structure and dynamics is ...
... A recent study conducted in the African savannah has pointed out that the structure and functioning of vertebrate scavenging assemblages is largely dependent on carcass size (Moleón et al. 2015). The relationship between the particle size of the food resource and community structure and dynamics is ...
Conservation Assessment for the Red-Tailed Chipmunk
... Threats: Fire suppression was suggested as a potential issue in Alberta, because it reduces disturbance needed to maintain forest openings favored by the chipmunks (Bennett 1999). However, populations of chipmunks have been documented in closed forests elsewhere in their range (e.g., Beg 1969). Mana ...
... Threats: Fire suppression was suggested as a potential issue in Alberta, because it reduces disturbance needed to maintain forest openings favored by the chipmunks (Bennett 1999). However, populations of chipmunks have been documented in closed forests elsewhere in their range (e.g., Beg 1969). Mana ...
Evolution and Ecology of Species Range Limits
... environments are distributed across the landscape, and how they are connected by dispersal. This requires understanding how spatial variation in fitness results from the fit between phenotype and environment and how differences in fitness translate into population-level differences in abundance. Focusi ...
... environments are distributed across the landscape, and how they are connected by dispersal. This requires understanding how spatial variation in fitness results from the fit between phenotype and environment and how differences in fitness translate into population-level differences in abundance. Focusi ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.