Exploring the Lotka-Volterra Competition Model using Two Species
... differ in their resource use, the more likely it is that they can, in fact, coexist (Krebs 1994). Even two species with a great deal of overlap may live together for some time, although competitive interactions often suppress the growth rate of one or both of them. Over time, an interesting phenomen ...
... differ in their resource use, the more likely it is that they can, in fact, coexist (Krebs 1994). Even two species with a great deal of overlap may live together for some time, although competitive interactions often suppress the growth rate of one or both of them. Over time, an interesting phenomen ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... It is increasingly recognized that speciation can take place without large-scale geographic isolation (sympatrically) (Figure 2(a)). In the presence of micro-environmental heterogeneity and with the absence of extensive gene flow, sympatric fragmentation of populations is possible, which can lead to ...
... It is increasingly recognized that speciation can take place without large-scale geographic isolation (sympatrically) (Figure 2(a)). In the presence of micro-environmental heterogeneity and with the absence of extensive gene flow, sympatric fragmentation of populations is possible, which can lead to ...
Characterization of Biodiversity
... variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological systems of which they arc a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. Were life to occur on other planets, or living organisms to be rescued from fossils preserved millions of years ago, the ...
... variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological systems of which they arc a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. Were life to occur on other planets, or living organisms to be rescued from fossils preserved millions of years ago, the ...
3: Ascension Introduction Atlantic Ocean
... of any such lands shall be valid without the consent of the Governor.” Under this section the Governor may withhold consent for the use of certain tracks or in order to protect nesting sea turtles. Consent may be withheld at all times or for short periods. No sand mining is permitted at any of the b ...
... of any such lands shall be valid without the consent of the Governor.” Under this section the Governor may withhold consent for the use of certain tracks or in order to protect nesting sea turtles. Consent may be withheld at all times or for short periods. No sand mining is permitted at any of the b ...
1 - SANParks
... islands are not “sub-divided” by development or transformation. The maintenance of fire as a diverse process will depend on islands remaining as contiguous as possible to allow the natural spread of fires, and it will also depend on the areas being large enough to allow fire patterns to develop. Res ...
... islands are not “sub-divided” by development or transformation. The maintenance of fire as a diverse process will depend on islands remaining as contiguous as possible to allow the natural spread of fires, and it will also depend on the areas being large enough to allow fire patterns to develop. Res ...
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASES IN NATURAL
... and phytoplasmas cause systemic and persistent infections in a wide range of host plants, their importance in natural communities has still received much less attention than other pathogens. There are numerous reports of wild plants as reservoirs for phytoplasmas, viruses, and viroids that affect ec ...
... and phytoplasmas cause systemic and persistent infections in a wide range of host plants, their importance in natural communities has still received much less attention than other pathogens. There are numerous reports of wild plants as reservoirs for phytoplasmas, viruses, and viroids that affect ec ...
species diversity
... • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate change, etc…. ...
... • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate change, etc…. ...
Phylogenetic diversity stabilizes community
... Aspects of species niches are often conserved over evolutionary timescales such that more closely related species tend to share more similar niches (Wiens et al. 2010; Wiens and Graham 2005; see Yang et al. 2014 in this special issue for an example), a phenomenon termed phylogenetic niche conservati ...
... Aspects of species niches are often conserved over evolutionary timescales such that more closely related species tend to share more similar niches (Wiens et al. 2010; Wiens and Graham 2005; see Yang et al. 2014 in this special issue for an example), a phenomenon termed phylogenetic niche conservati ...
Sexratio meiotic drive and interspecific competition
... two species begin to compete. However, we also created a continuous time model that contains both competition and sex-ratio meiotic drive. The equilibria are identical, though the integrated model allows us to consider the impact of more parameters (e.g. a genotype-specific mortality rate in the spe ...
... two species begin to compete. However, we also created a continuous time model that contains both competition and sex-ratio meiotic drive. The equilibria are identical, though the integrated model allows us to consider the impact of more parameters (e.g. a genotype-specific mortality rate in the spe ...
This article was originally published in a journal
... apparent increase in the rate of exotic species invasions (Cohen and Carlton, 1998). An invader may enter an environment that has been intensely altered by anthropogenic disturbance. These disturbances, if outside the magnitude, duration, or frequency of natural disturbances that affect communities, ...
... apparent increase in the rate of exotic species invasions (Cohen and Carlton, 1998). An invader may enter an environment that has been intensely altered by anthropogenic disturbance. These disturbances, if outside the magnitude, duration, or frequency of natural disturbances that affect communities, ...
Metacommunity Dynamics: Decline of Functional
... irruption of matrix-dwelling species in small fragments and/or the supplementation of fragment-dwelling species by matrix located resources [11]. An alternative explanation would be the alteration of functional relationships between interacting species due to their differential sensitivity to the fr ...
... irruption of matrix-dwelling species in small fragments and/or the supplementation of fragment-dwelling species by matrix located resources [11]. An alternative explanation would be the alteration of functional relationships between interacting species due to their differential sensitivity to the fr ...
Moment Approximations of Individual-based Models
... The equations used here are derived in Chapter 21 and differ in certain respects from those in Chapter 20. The motivation, however, is the same: to gain insight into the complex behavior of individual-based stochastic processes of ecological communities. We develop ideas in the context of plant comm ...
... The equations used here are derived in Chapter 21 and differ in certain respects from those in Chapter 20. The motivation, however, is the same: to gain insight into the complex behavior of individual-based stochastic processes of ecological communities. We develop ideas in the context of plant comm ...
Separating the influence of resource `availability` from resource
... number of competing species within any given ecosystem determines how efficiently the available resources are converted into new tissue (actual production). Gross & Cardinale (2007) formalized key elements of this idea by linking a widely used model of competition that describes how resource supply ...
... number of competing species within any given ecosystem determines how efficiently the available resources are converted into new tissue (actual production). Gross & Cardinale (2007) formalized key elements of this idea by linking a widely used model of competition that describes how resource supply ...
10/4 version of Chapter3
... whole-community level. All plants and animals must alter their immediate surroundings by reaction, ...
... whole-community level. All plants and animals must alter their immediate surroundings by reaction, ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... introduced over the years (Burton and Chan 1996). However, altering the geographic ranges of primate species can also have other far-reaching consequences, as was recently demonstrated by a study by Kumar et al. (2011) on the geographical limits of the rhesus and bonnet macaque in India. Thirty year ...
... introduced over the years (Burton and Chan 1996). However, altering the geographic ranges of primate species can also have other far-reaching consequences, as was recently demonstrated by a study by Kumar et al. (2011) on the geographical limits of the rhesus and bonnet macaque in India. Thirty year ...
Species, concepts of. In Levin, S.A.
... descendants of a particular node in a phylogeny. Monophyly is the state of such groupings. Compare paraphyletic polyphyletic. Butterflies (Rhopalocera) and birds (Aves) are examples of two groups thought to be monophyletic. paraphyletic A grouping that contains some, but not all, of the descendants ...
... descendants of a particular node in a phylogeny. Monophyly is the state of such groupings. Compare paraphyletic polyphyletic. Butterflies (Rhopalocera) and birds (Aves) are examples of two groups thought to be monophyletic. paraphyletic A grouping that contains some, but not all, of the descendants ...
Single-species models for many
... cycles and met criteria ensuring a rigorous test of the predictions (Methods). We classified each species into one of two trophic roles (Methods). ‘Generalist’ consumers (for example, predatory fish) feed on many resource species over their lifetime and in turn are not preyed on by specialist consum ...
... cycles and met criteria ensuring a rigorous test of the predictions (Methods). We classified each species into one of two trophic roles (Methods). ‘Generalist’ consumers (for example, predatory fish) feed on many resource species over their lifetime and in turn are not preyed on by specialist consum ...
1 Introduction
... whole-community level. All plants and animals must alter their immediate surroundings by reaction, ...
... whole-community level. All plants and animals must alter their immediate surroundings by reaction, ...
EBSA`s: Concepts and Metrics - Centre for Marine Biodiversity
... Not an Inherent Value Metrics poorly developed for marine environments ...
... Not an Inherent Value Metrics poorly developed for marine environments ...
A Hierarchical Ecological Approach to Conserving Marine
... In the marine environment, the genetic and speciespopulation levels of organization can be utilized in the same manner as in terrestrial environments, but communities and ecosystems have different connotations. In marine environments, communities are generally perceived as biological entities and ec ...
... In the marine environment, the genetic and speciespopulation levels of organization can be utilized in the same manner as in terrestrial environments, but communities and ecosystems have different connotations. In marine environments, communities are generally perceived as biological entities and ec ...
Lessons for ecology, conservation and society from the Serengeti
... Species exist within a matrix of other species and are subject to the effects of their environment We must understand how the whole system behaveslack of understanding could lead to surprise, ...
... Species exist within a matrix of other species and are subject to the effects of their environment We must understand how the whole system behaveslack of understanding could lead to surprise, ...
Gene flow reverses an adaptive cline in a coevolving host
... for dispersal in the open communities (10% of the community). This dispersal rate (10% of the populations every 48 h) resulted in a fraction of immigrants ranging between 0.002 and 0.005 per generation for the bacteria and the bacteriophage (Slatkin’s [1985] metric “m”). The bacteria and bacteriopha ...
... for dispersal in the open communities (10% of the community). This dispersal rate (10% of the populations every 48 h) resulted in a fraction of immigrants ranging between 0.002 and 0.005 per generation for the bacteria and the bacteriophage (Slatkin’s [1985] metric “m”). The bacteria and bacteriopha ...
Topological explanations, robustness and the multirealisability debate.
... determined by stating the “set-up” and “termination” conditions. The chronology of sequences through which entities act is crucial to explain the production of this termination condition ...
... determined by stating the “set-up” and “termination” conditions. The chronology of sequences through which entities act is crucial to explain the production of this termination condition ...
Definitions of overfishing from an ecosystem
... of fishery yields, minimization of fishery impacts associated with protection of some species, and, because of the long history of information collected, a quantitative basis for risk assessment (Smith et al., 1993; Wade, 1997). In theory, existing overfishing concepts can be extended to an even wid ...
... of fishery yields, minimization of fishery impacts associated with protection of some species, and, because of the long history of information collected, a quantitative basis for risk assessment (Smith et al., 1993; Wade, 1997). In theory, existing overfishing concepts can be extended to an even wid ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.