![Chapter 4](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000349913_1-4941f1a78108165a69411ab40914c86c-300x300.png)
Chapter 4
... Secondary succession = a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms The remaining organisms and soil form “building blocks” that help shape the process of succession Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging ...
... Secondary succession = a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms The remaining organisms and soil form “building blocks” that help shape the process of succession Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging ...
Chapter 4 Notes - Lincoln High School
... § Secondary succession = a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms § The remaining organisms and soil form “building blocks” that help shape the process of succession § Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging ...
... § Secondary succession = a disturbance dramatically alters, but does not destroy, all local organisms § The remaining organisms and soil form “building blocks” that help shape the process of succession § Fires, hurricanes, farming, logging ...
The Role of Biodiversity for the Functioning of Rocky Reef
... Whereas it is widely known that consumers can have dramatic effects on algal communities, both directly (Hay 1981; Hughes and Connell 1999) and via trophic cascades (Estes et al. 1998), many of the studies that have evaluated effects of producer diversity on productivity and resource acquisition (e. ...
... Whereas it is widely known that consumers can have dramatic effects on algal communities, both directly (Hay 1981; Hughes and Connell 1999) and via trophic cascades (Estes et al. 1998), many of the studies that have evaluated effects of producer diversity on productivity and resource acquisition (e. ...
Effective Landscape Restoration for Native Biodiversity in Northern
... Inland Slopes and Murray Fans with smaller but significant occurrences of other bioregions, notably the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Murray Scroll Belt, Rob invale Plains and Cen tral Victorian Uplands. The predominant broad vegetation types across the region are temperate woodlands and grasslands, giv ...
... Inland Slopes and Murray Fans with smaller but significant occurrences of other bioregions, notably the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Murray Scroll Belt, Rob invale Plains and Cen tral Victorian Uplands. The predominant broad vegetation types across the region are temperate woodlands and grasslands, giv ...
What is Biodiversity
... not reproduced for 300 years. The seeds of the tree have a very hard coat, as an experiment they were fed to a turkey; after passing through its gizzard the seeds were viable and germinated. This experiment led scientists to believe that the extinction of the dodo was coupled to the tambalacoque's i ...
... not reproduced for 300 years. The seeds of the tree have a very hard coat, as an experiment they were fed to a turkey; after passing through its gizzard the seeds were viable and germinated. This experiment led scientists to believe that the extinction of the dodo was coupled to the tambalacoque's i ...
Species indicators of large herbivore density: comparing taxa and
... etc.) and are more subject to browsing pressure from herbivores than other guilds. For this reason, we ...
... etc.) and are more subject to browsing pressure from herbivores than other guilds. For this reason, we ...
Refining mimicry: phenotypic variation tracks the local
... for resemblance has rarely been tested, since experimental predators usually are only trained on a single prey type. Quantifying variations in resemblance of wild individuals within and between species of a given mimicry ring allows investigating if and how the accuracy of resemblance evolves. Pheno ...
... for resemblance has rarely been tested, since experimental predators usually are only trained on a single prey type. Quantifying variations in resemblance of wild individuals within and between species of a given mimicry ring allows investigating if and how the accuracy of resemblance evolves. Pheno ...
Are the metabolomic responses to folivory of closely related plant
... 2003; Carrillo-Gavilan et al. 2015) although the phenotype of a species can strongly be modified by epigenetic modifications (Rapp and Wendel 2005) and even the microbiome (Pe~ nuelas and Terradas 2014). By this premise, the chemical phenotypes should be more similar between closely related species ...
... 2003; Carrillo-Gavilan et al. 2015) although the phenotype of a species can strongly be modified by epigenetic modifications (Rapp and Wendel 2005) and even the microbiome (Pe~ nuelas and Terradas 2014). By this premise, the chemical phenotypes should be more similar between closely related species ...
Biodiversity, productivity and the temporal stability of
... temporal stability by decreasing species richness (Hillebrand et al. 2008). That is, declines in evenness may result in declines in species richness (Wilsey & Polley 2004), which may then decrease temporal stability (Tilman et al. 2006; van Ruijven & Berendse 2007). Thus, it has been predicted that ...
... temporal stability by decreasing species richness (Hillebrand et al. 2008). That is, declines in evenness may result in declines in species richness (Wilsey & Polley 2004), which may then decrease temporal stability (Tilman et al. 2006; van Ruijven & Berendse 2007). Thus, it has been predicted that ...
FOOD WEBS
... and (4) the change in populations of an assemblage following an invasion. By "complexity," Elton (1958) meant both the number of species in the web and the number of links in the web (connectance). Much of the confusion over the relationship between stability and complexity arose because there are m ...
... and (4) the change in populations of an assemblage following an invasion. By "complexity," Elton (1958) meant both the number of species in the web and the number of links in the web (connectance). Much of the confusion over the relationship between stability and complexity arose because there are m ...
Proposed structure of synthese paper
... Stresses, such as climate change, the recent global financial crisis or globalization, ...
... Stresses, such as climate change, the recent global financial crisis or globalization, ...
Alternative stable states in ecology
... Altering the populations directly is one way to move communities from one state to another. This formulation requires multiple pre-existing stable equilibrium points at fixed locations in the state space existing simultaneously. To move the community from one stable state to another, a perturbation ...
... Altering the populations directly is one way to move communities from one state to another. This formulation requires multiple pre-existing stable equilibrium points at fixed locations in the state space existing simultaneously. To move the community from one stable state to another, a perturbation ...
First half of year review: Relationships of Terms
... Know the definitions of matter, energy, elements, and atoms. (2) Know the states of matter. (2) Know the 6 elements that make up 99% of the human body. (2) Know the basic structure of an atom (i.e. protons, neutrons, electrons & where they reside; charges). (2) Define and describe atomic number and ...
... Know the definitions of matter, energy, elements, and atoms. (2) Know the states of matter. (2) Know the 6 elements that make up 99% of the human body. (2) Know the basic structure of an atom (i.e. protons, neutrons, electrons & where they reside; charges). (2) Define and describe atomic number and ...
Evidence for interspecific interactions in the ectoparasite infracommunity of a wild mammal
... for prevalence and those variables that were significant corresponded to those found for parasite abundance (Additional file 1: Table S1). As a consequence these results are not further discussed. The same variables were included in the full GLMMs for an individual’s ectoparasite abundance but we us ...
... for prevalence and those variables that were significant corresponded to those found for parasite abundance (Additional file 1: Table S1). As a consequence these results are not further discussed. The same variables were included in the full GLMMs for an individual’s ectoparasite abundance but we us ...
Sympatric speciation is reinforced by predation, parasite load
... Sympatric speciation, the divergence of one lineage into two or more lineages within one geographic range, is often driven by disruptive selection on niche utilization. While niche specialization is found in sympatrically speciated groups, it is often reinforced by other strong selective pressure. T ...
... Sympatric speciation, the divergence of one lineage into two or more lineages within one geographic range, is often driven by disruptive selection on niche utilization. While niche specialization is found in sympatrically speciated groups, it is often reinforced by other strong selective pressure. T ...
What controls who is where in freshwater fish communities — the
... 1998). However, prior to this summary, we must address the ways of classifying fish communities and whether communities represent anything other than random sets of species sampled at particular locations and times. If they do not, then further analysis may be a fruitless exercise. Our second goal i ...
... 1998). However, prior to this summary, we must address the ways of classifying fish communities and whether communities represent anything other than random sets of species sampled at particular locations and times. If they do not, then further analysis may be a fruitless exercise. Our second goal i ...
Once a Batesian mimic, not always a Batesian mimic: mimic reverts
... locations where the model is absent because the predators do not recognize either the model or mimic as unprofitable prey and the mimic has a highly conspicuous phenotype (Pfennig et al. 2001, 2007; Ruxton et al. 2004). The geographical range of the mimic is predicted to be limited by the geographic ...
... locations where the model is absent because the predators do not recognize either the model or mimic as unprofitable prey and the mimic has a highly conspicuous phenotype (Pfennig et al. 2001, 2007; Ruxton et al. 2004). The geographical range of the mimic is predicted to be limited by the geographic ...
state of Britain's mammals a focus on invasive species
... that draws people to Africa and Asia, and as an island the diversity of our animals is substantially less than on the continent. This is why it’s even more important that we work now to ensure a future here for those species we do have. As we move into the second decade of the new millennium there i ...
... that draws people to Africa and Asia, and as an island the diversity of our animals is substantially less than on the continent. This is why it’s even more important that we work now to ensure a future here for those species we do have. As we move into the second decade of the new millennium there i ...
Full text in pdf format
... recovery has occurred only up to age 30, suggesting that full recovery will require at least 25 yr. These results are in close agreement with a model developed by the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council in 1977, which predicted nearly full recovery in 23 yr (Anonymous 1979). The good agreem ...
... recovery has occurred only up to age 30, suggesting that full recovery will require at least 25 yr. These results are in close agreement with a model developed by the Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council in 1977, which predicted nearly full recovery in 23 yr (Anonymous 1979). The good agreem ...
Food Web Theory and Ecological Restoration
... No species exists in a vacuum. Rather, species are embedded within a network of predator-prey interactions in what Charles Darwin referred to as an "entangled bank" (Darwin 1859) and is now known more generally as a food web. In its most fundamental form, a food web provides insight into the feeding ...
... No species exists in a vacuum. Rather, species are embedded within a network of predator-prey interactions in what Charles Darwin referred to as an "entangled bank" (Darwin 1859) and is now known more generally as a food web. In its most fundamental form, a food web provides insight into the feeding ...
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls
... ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportional role in biogeochemical cycles and may be a hidden driver of microbiome function. In this ...
... ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportional role in biogeochemical cycles and may be a hidden driver of microbiome function. In this ...
“superspecies”, represented in Italy by three
... In 1936, the ichthyologist Edoardo Gridelli wrote about the situation in Friuli, “The fario (trout) is not found along the Adriatic coast of Venezia Giulia and Friuli, or, if it is, its presence is due to recent introduction. It is indigenous to waters on the Danubian side”; i.e., only watercourses ...
... In 1936, the ichthyologist Edoardo Gridelli wrote about the situation in Friuli, “The fario (trout) is not found along the Adriatic coast of Venezia Giulia and Friuli, or, if it is, its presence is due to recent introduction. It is indigenous to waters on the Danubian side”; i.e., only watercourses ...
D 2.2 Traits analysis Final April 2010
... determining impact. For fungi (47 species), we analysed relationships between species traits and (i) invasiveness and (ii) high ecological impacts. We also included the possible effects of confounding variables: date of introduction, host surface area and phylogeny (the latter showing no effect in o ...
... determining impact. For fungi (47 species), we analysed relationships between species traits and (i) invasiveness and (ii) high ecological impacts. We also included the possible effects of confounding variables: date of introduction, host surface area and phylogeny (the latter showing no effect in o ...
Plant Succession: Life History and Competition
... role of nitrogen-fixers in succession have been known for some time (Cowles 1899; W. Cooper 1913; Lawrence 1958; Olson 1958). Although the correlations are clear, the mechanisms are not necessarily simple. Competitive ability for light has several components, as does competitive ability for nitrogen ...
... role of nitrogen-fixers in succession have been known for some time (Cowles 1899; W. Cooper 1913; Lawrence 1958; Olson 1958). Although the correlations are clear, the mechanisms are not necessarily simple. Competitive ability for light has several components, as does competitive ability for nitrogen ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.