![Modeling foundation species in food webs](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001060913_1-a3a515e1d944ced0551f17165e2590c0-300x300.png)
Modeling foundation species in food webs
... Foundation species can interact trophically within a community, but they exert their influence primarily through non-trophic effects (Ellison and Baiser, in press). Some examples of nontrophic actions of foundation species include: altering local climates and microclimates (e.g., Schöeb et al. 2012 ...
... Foundation species can interact trophically within a community, but they exert their influence primarily through non-trophic effects (Ellison and Baiser, in press). Some examples of nontrophic actions of foundation species include: altering local climates and microclimates (e.g., Schöeb et al. 2012 ...
Liana cooccurrence patterns in a temperate rainforest
... We first subdivided the columns (individual host trees) of the community-level matrix to create compartments for each host species. Here, we defined these as ‘host species compartments’ and they represent binary interactions of individual trees with each liana species. The number of host species com ...
... We first subdivided the columns (individual host trees) of the community-level matrix to create compartments for each host species. Here, we defined these as ‘host species compartments’ and they represent binary interactions of individual trees with each liana species. The number of host species com ...
Effects of Climate Change on Global Seaweed
... We consider the extent to which seaweed species may be able to respond to these changes via adaptation or migration. We also examine the extensive reshuffling of communities that is occurring as the ecological balance between competing species changes, and as top-down control by herbivores becomes s ...
... We consider the extent to which seaweed species may be able to respond to these changes via adaptation or migration. We also examine the extensive reshuffling of communities that is occurring as the ecological balance between competing species changes, and as top-down control by herbivores becomes s ...
Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial
... simply choose a spatial scale yielding workable numbers of species for a region to be evaluated. Although data necessary to compare areal definitions at different spatial scales directly are not currently available (Peterson & Sánchez-Cordero, 1994), experience in biodiversity studies in several re ...
... simply choose a spatial scale yielding workable numbers of species for a region to be evaluated. Although data necessary to compare areal definitions at different spatial scales directly are not currently available (Peterson & Sánchez-Cordero, 1994), experience in biodiversity studies in several re ...
The inflationary effects of environmental fluctuations in
... driven either by interspecific interactions with resident community members, abiotic fluctuations in habitat quality through time, or some combination of the two (2). A growing body of theory and evidence suggests that spatial flows of individuals among habitats are essential for maintaining the lon ...
... driven either by interspecific interactions with resident community members, abiotic fluctuations in habitat quality through time, or some combination of the two (2). A growing body of theory and evidence suggests that spatial flows of individuals among habitats are essential for maintaining the lon ...
spatial habitat heterogeneity influences competition
... and Alford 1985) that lead to alternative local equilibria (e.g., Levin 1974, Barkai and McQuaid 1988). At the other extreme, patches may differ qualitatively from one another, and variation in habitat selection among species can reduce the probability of competitive exclusion (e.g., Schoener 1974). ...
... and Alford 1985) that lead to alternative local equilibria (e.g., Levin 1974, Barkai and McQuaid 1988). At the other extreme, patches may differ qualitatively from one another, and variation in habitat selection among species can reduce the probability of competitive exclusion (e.g., Schoener 1974). ...
Benchmarking novel approaches for modelling species range
... An individual-based, spatially-explicit, stochastic model (IBM; Gravel et al., 2006, Münkemüller et al., 2012) was adapted to simulate the dynamics of a focal species and its co-occurring competitors in heterogeneous environments. The IBM is a cellular automaton in which each sub-cell is characteris ...
... An individual-based, spatially-explicit, stochastic model (IBM; Gravel et al., 2006, Münkemüller et al., 2012) was adapted to simulate the dynamics of a focal species and its co-occurring competitors in heterogeneous environments. The IBM is a cellular automaton in which each sub-cell is characteris ...
AP BIOLOGY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT 2013
... 7. Explain how edges and corridors can strongly influence landscape biodiversity. 8. Define biodiversity hot spots and explain why they are important. 9. Explain why natural reserves must be functional parts of landscapes. 10. Define zoned reserves and explain why they are important. 11. Define rest ...
... 7. Explain how edges and corridors can strongly influence landscape biodiversity. 8. Define biodiversity hot spots and explain why they are important. 9. Explain why natural reserves must be functional parts of landscapes. 10. Define zoned reserves and explain why they are important. 11. Define rest ...
Propagule supply controls grazer community structure and primary
... both strongly depended on the magnitude and frequency of propagule supply, indicating propagule limitation at the community level. For species richness and diversity, comparison of communities receiving propagules at different frequencies (i.e., single vs. multiple) suggests that our communities wer ...
... both strongly depended on the magnitude and frequency of propagule supply, indicating propagule limitation at the community level. For species richness and diversity, comparison of communities receiving propagules at different frequencies (i.e., single vs. multiple) suggests that our communities wer ...
Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera
... all dacine fruit flies feed on the soft fleshy fruit of rainforest plants and speciation within the Dacinae may be associated with changing patterns in host use (Drew 1989b). Dacines are considered to play a role in rainforest ecology by helping to scarify flesh from seeds, so enhancing germination, or ...
... all dacine fruit flies feed on the soft fleshy fruit of rainforest plants and speciation within the Dacinae may be associated with changing patterns in host use (Drew 1989b). Dacines are considered to play a role in rainforest ecology by helping to scarify flesh from seeds, so enhancing germination, or ...
Aurelia aurita: the Moon Jelly
... environments are more susceptible to invasion. In the case of A. aurita, over fishing of native pelagic fish has made establishment and success rates much higher (Richardson et al., 2009). Many of these removed fish species compete with the jellyfish for zooplankton, and often prey upon the polyps, ...
... environments are more susceptible to invasion. In the case of A. aurita, over fishing of native pelagic fish has made establishment and success rates much higher (Richardson et al., 2009). Many of these removed fish species compete with the jellyfish for zooplankton, and often prey upon the polyps, ...
Also available as free
... Edward O. Wilson (Cambridge, MA, USA), ECI Prize winner 1987 in terrestrial ecology. Quotation of the Jury (Chairman: Sir Richard Southwood, Oxford, UK) Professor E. O. Wilson is distinguished for his many contributions to different aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology. His life-time love of ...
... Edward O. Wilson (Cambridge, MA, USA), ECI Prize winner 1987 in terrestrial ecology. Quotation of the Jury (Chairman: Sir Richard Southwood, Oxford, UK) Professor E. O. Wilson is distinguished for his many contributions to different aspects of ecology and evolutionary biology. His life-time love of ...
Spar genetic analysis of two invasive species of Cichla (Tucunaré
... of hybrids. Although the Tucunaré fish (Cichla) is native to the Amazon region, it can be found in other hydrographic basins in which it has been introduced. RAPD molecular marker research showed that there are two species (Cichla kelberi and C. piquiti) belonging to the genus Cichla in the rivers o ...
... of hybrids. Although the Tucunaré fish (Cichla) is native to the Amazon region, it can be found in other hydrographic basins in which it has been introduced. RAPD molecular marker research showed that there are two species (Cichla kelberi and C. piquiti) belonging to the genus Cichla in the rivers o ...
Food webs in space: On the interplay of dynamic instability and
... theory is that area can influence community structure via colonization and extinction. All else being equal, a species is more likely to be found on a large island, than a small island, because the large island provides a larger target for colonization and, following establishment, populations can g ...
... theory is that area can influence community structure via colonization and extinction. All else being equal, a species is more likely to be found on a large island, than a small island, because the large island provides a larger target for colonization and, following establishment, populations can g ...
General Ecology: Lecture 12
... In which host it asexually reproduces f. The physical appearance of each life stage g. Which host is considered “intermediate” and which “final” (or “definitive”), and what these terms mean. ...
... In which host it asexually reproduces f. The physical appearance of each life stage g. Which host is considered “intermediate” and which “final” (or “definitive”), and what these terms mean. ...
S a fe gua rd in g th e R oman ia n C a rp a th ia ne co lo g ica lne tw
... networks in Romania instilled among many. The next step will be to implement the Carpathian ecological network delineated in this study, by establishing a robust system of effectively protected core areas interconnected by ecological linkages that will ensure the safe dispersal of animals between vi ...
... networks in Romania instilled among many. The next step will be to implement the Carpathian ecological network delineated in this study, by establishing a robust system of effectively protected core areas interconnected by ecological linkages that will ensure the safe dispersal of animals between vi ...
Facilitation in the conceptual melting pot
... within or across trophic levels) operate. Consumer (grazer) mediated indirect competition in plant communities is common. However, despite the potential scale of their impacts, the facilitative indirect effects of soil biota are only just beginning to move onto the radar of facilitation research, ev ...
... within or across trophic levels) operate. Consumer (grazer) mediated indirect competition in plant communities is common. However, despite the potential scale of their impacts, the facilitative indirect effects of soil biota are only just beginning to move onto the radar of facilitation research, ev ...
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF EFFECTS OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND E S
... Abstract. Because the quantity, quality, and heterogeneity of resources should affect the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant p ...
... Abstract. Because the quantity, quality, and heterogeneity of resources should affect the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant p ...
Low biodiversity state persists two decades after cessation of nutrient enrichment
... the perimeter of the study area than in the 28 plots that were surrounded by other experimental plots, which potentially reduced opportunity for re-colonisation. Second, we tested whether the observed lack of recovery depended on neighbour plot richness (Hawthorne 2012), which was quantified as the ...
... the perimeter of the study area than in the 28 plots that were surrounded by other experimental plots, which potentially reduced opportunity for re-colonisation. Second, we tested whether the observed lack of recovery depended on neighbour plot richness (Hawthorne 2012), which was quantified as the ...
Comments
... concerning how experiments should be conducted (e.g., Petranka 1989, Dunham and Beaupre 1998, Resetarits and Fauth 1998, Skelly and Kiesecker 2001; also see the special features in Herpetologica [1989; 45:111– 128] and Ecology [1996; 77:663–705, see Dahler and Strong 1996]). Recently, Skelly (2002) ...
... concerning how experiments should be conducted (e.g., Petranka 1989, Dunham and Beaupre 1998, Resetarits and Fauth 1998, Skelly and Kiesecker 2001; also see the special features in Herpetologica [1989; 45:111– 128] and Ecology [1996; 77:663–705, see Dahler and Strong 1996]). Recently, Skelly (2002) ...
Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity
... have been proposed in the past, notably that systems with larger amounts of energy entering the food web should be able to support longer food chains and hence more biodiversity [6,21], although there is the potential for interactions with ecosystem size and disturbance [22,23]. The power of integra ...
... have been proposed in the past, notably that systems with larger amounts of energy entering the food web should be able to support longer food chains and hence more biodiversity [6,21], although there is the potential for interactions with ecosystem size and disturbance [22,23]. The power of integra ...
April cover.qxd
... reductions in native populations, and local and global extinctions. There is a growing recognition that such shifts represent an important element of global change (Pimm et al. 1995; Vitousek et al. 1997). Given the impact that large mammals have on ecosystems, the major population shifts that human ...
... reductions in native populations, and local and global extinctions. There is a growing recognition that such shifts represent an important element of global change (Pimm et al. 1995; Vitousek et al. 1997). Given the impact that large mammals have on ecosystems, the major population shifts that human ...
Macroecology of Microbes – Biogeography of the
... America and Europe where researchers from around the world can send soil samples to be cultured and archived. According to these collections, many communities from around the globe appear similar, with the same morphospecies such as Glomus intraradices seeming to occur globally (Morton and Bentiveng ...
... America and Europe where researchers from around the world can send soil samples to be cultured and archived. According to these collections, many communities from around the globe appear similar, with the same morphospecies such as Glomus intraradices seeming to occur globally (Morton and Bentiveng ...
FRAMEWORK FOR CHARACTERIZING CONSERVATION UNITS
... following six years of discussion, consultation, review, and revision (DFO 2005). The WSP is one of several policies whose provenance was the New Directions discussion paper (DFO 1998). The goal of the WSP is to “restore and maintain healthy and diverse salmon populations and their habitats for the ...
... following six years of discussion, consultation, review, and revision (DFO 2005). The WSP is one of several policies whose provenance was the New Directions discussion paper (DFO 1998). The goal of the WSP is to “restore and maintain healthy and diverse salmon populations and their habitats for the ...
Global Economy Ola Persson Writing assignment 3: Problems and
... there is no need for imagination, these places have existed and still exist. What is to say that this couldn´t work for other products as well? This way of renting or borrowing, for instance a power drill, could be encouraged by both the private and public sector. Funding from the public sector coul ...
... there is no need for imagination, these places have existed and still exist. What is to say that this couldn´t work for other products as well? This way of renting or borrowing, for instance a power drill, could be encouraged by both the private and public sector. Funding from the public sector coul ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.