![predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012890919_1-27404ef129272075ed3171b634697dce-300x300.png)
predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in
... of increasing complexity by sequentially adding factors to determine their abilities to account for variability in mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the d ...
... of increasing complexity by sequentially adding factors to determine their abilities to account for variability in mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the d ...
Game Structures in Mutualistic Interactions: What Can
... explaining how the investment behavior promotes benefits that outweigh the costs. Note that kin selection theory too starts with the observation of one animal investing into another, and then explains this oddity away with the concept of relatedness. The same is true for reciprocity based on the ite ...
... explaining how the investment behavior promotes benefits that outweigh the costs. Note that kin selection theory too starts with the observation of one animal investing into another, and then explains this oddity away with the concept of relatedness. The same is true for reciprocity based on the ite ...
Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on
... King 2008; Agra & Ne’eman 2009). The influence of shrubs on the landscapes they inhabit should vary greatly with the life-history characteristics of resident plant species in the system, including those of the shrubs themselves. Although very little work has been done in this area, considerable insi ...
... King 2008; Agra & Ne’eman 2009). The influence of shrubs on the landscapes they inhabit should vary greatly with the life-history characteristics of resident plant species in the system, including those of the shrubs themselves. Although very little work has been done in this area, considerable insi ...
Spatial variation in keystone effects: small mammal diversity
... result that the nature of the interactions may vary spatially. Black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus occur from Canada to Mexico in grasslands of the western Great Plains of North America. Black-tailed prairie dogs alter vegetation and dig extensive burrow systems that alter grassland habit ...
... result that the nature of the interactions may vary spatially. Black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus occur from Canada to Mexico in grasslands of the western Great Plains of North America. Black-tailed prairie dogs alter vegetation and dig extensive burrow systems that alter grassland habit ...
Overview of a passive tracking index for monitoring wild canids and
... Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks chang ...
... Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks chang ...
read more! - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... To describe the distribution of the observed bites by herbivores on different benthic taxa, the bites per minute on each benthic group for each herbivore species were averaged, and data were transformed using log (x + 1) to account for the large number of zeros in the dataset (Anderson et al. 2008). ...
... To describe the distribution of the observed bites by herbivores on different benthic taxa, the bites per minute on each benthic group for each herbivore species were averaged, and data were transformed using log (x + 1) to account for the large number of zeros in the dataset (Anderson et al. 2008). ...
AP Bio Summer Study Study Sheet
... 5. In terms of dissolved oxygen, organismal load, and determining factors, describe the differences between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Explain what causes lake turnovers two times per year in temperate regions. 6. In terms of water and nutrients, explain the ecological importance of wetlands. ...
... 5. In terms of dissolved oxygen, organismal load, and determining factors, describe the differences between oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes. Explain what causes lake turnovers two times per year in temperate regions. 6. In terms of water and nutrients, explain the ecological importance of wetlands. ...
Artificial Lighting - The Nature Conservancy
... result in higher levels of foraging, it also increases the risk of predation and competition.6,10,11 For species that typically forage during periods of low light, the presence of artificial lighting might delay or prevent foraging activities.12 Bats, depending on the species, are either attracted t ...
... result in higher levels of foraging, it also increases the risk of predation and competition.6,10,11 For species that typically forage during periods of low light, the presence of artificial lighting might delay or prevent foraging activities.12 Bats, depending on the species, are either attracted t ...
microbial diversity and global environmental issues
... variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part” (UNEP, 1992). For those concerned with quantitative assessments of biological diversity, the key issue in the CBD definiti ...
... variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part” (UNEP, 1992). For those concerned with quantitative assessments of biological diversity, the key issue in the CBD definiti ...
Interspecific information transfer influences animal community
... focus of the field. However, the large questions of community ecology are applicable to mixed-species groups: are such associations just random sub-samples of the community or are they structured by interspecific interactions [80,81]? In fact, mixedspecies groups can be particularly good models for ...
... focus of the field. However, the large questions of community ecology are applicable to mixed-species groups: are such associations just random sub-samples of the community or are they structured by interspecific interactions [80,81]? In fact, mixedspecies groups can be particularly good models for ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Liu et al. 2010). More limited evidence from arctic, boreal, desert, temperate and tropical ecosystems shows coordination among leaf, stem and both fine and coarse root chemical traits, suggesting a whole-plant economics spectrum (Kerkhoff et al. 2006; Freschet et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010), but these ...
... Liu et al. 2010). More limited evidence from arctic, boreal, desert, temperate and tropical ecosystems shows coordination among leaf, stem and both fine and coarse root chemical traits, suggesting a whole-plant economics spectrum (Kerkhoff et al. 2006; Freschet et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010), but these ...
stage structure - Rice University
... structure [5,13] and even entire ecosystems [15]. Although cannibalism does not necessarily require stage structure, it is more likely to occur when there is strong size disparity among co-occurring conspecifics [16]. Second, ontogenetic niche shifts can also involve interspecific interactions. Ther ...
... structure [5,13] and even entire ecosystems [15]. Although cannibalism does not necessarily require stage structure, it is more likely to occur when there is strong size disparity among co-occurring conspecifics [16]. Second, ontogenetic niche shifts can also involve interspecific interactions. Ther ...
Leaf, stem and root tissue strategies across 758
... Liu et al. 2010). More limited evidence from arctic, boreal, desert, temperate and tropical ecosystems shows coordination among leaf, stem and both fine and coarse root chemical traits, suggesting a whole-plant economics spectrum (Kerkhoff et al. 2006; Freschet et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010), but these ...
... Liu et al. 2010). More limited evidence from arctic, boreal, desert, temperate and tropical ecosystems shows coordination among leaf, stem and both fine and coarse root chemical traits, suggesting a whole-plant economics spectrum (Kerkhoff et al. 2006; Freschet et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010), but these ...
Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review
... However, it only takes the presence of a single invasive species to have devastating consequences for some native wildlife. In general, the number of non-native species recorded from a Territory is closely related to the amount of biological survey work carried out there in recent years. The number ...
... However, it only takes the presence of a single invasive species to have devastating consequences for some native wildlife. In general, the number of non-native species recorded from a Territory is closely related to the amount of biological survey work carried out there in recent years. The number ...
Understanding the implications of climate change for woodland
... The backbone of this study was based on results from bioclimatic envelope modelling (BEM). Most of the species modelling used in this study was based on an artificial neural network (ANN), but a number of species with ‘presence‐only’ data were processed using Ecological Niche Factorizatio ...
... The backbone of this study was based on results from bioclimatic envelope modelling (BEM). Most of the species modelling used in this study was based on an artificial neural network (ANN), but a number of species with ‘presence‐only’ data were processed using Ecological Niche Factorizatio ...
Relationship of calling intensity to - Research Online
... Humphries, 1979; Okuno, 1985; Radwan and Schneider, 1988) have most consistently been found to correlate with the number of males calling at a given time and/or the intensity of their calling activity, usually showing a positive relationship. Humidity also often correlates with calling activity (Alm ...
... Humphries, 1979; Okuno, 1985; Radwan and Schneider, 1988) have most consistently been found to correlate with the number of males calling at a given time and/or the intensity of their calling activity, usually showing a positive relationship. Humidity also often correlates with calling activity (Alm ...
JNCC Report No. 372 Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories:
... However, it only takes the presence of a single invasive species to have devastating consequences for some native wildlife. In general, the number of non-native species recorded from a Territory is closely related to the amount of biological survey work carried out there in recent years. The number ...
... However, it only takes the presence of a single invasive species to have devastating consequences for some native wildlife. In general, the number of non-native species recorded from a Territory is closely related to the amount of biological survey work carried out there in recent years. The number ...
THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF Undaria pinnatifida
... the natural community of algae and marine animals in nearby habitats, successfully maintaining themselves without excluding any particular native species. ...
... the natural community of algae and marine animals in nearby habitats, successfully maintaining themselves without excluding any particular native species. ...
populations
... • Buffalo stir up insects that cattle egrets eat • Orchids live on trees but do not harm or feed off of ...
... • Buffalo stir up insects that cattle egrets eat • Orchids live on trees but do not harm or feed off of ...
GB NON-NATIVE ORGANISM RISK ASSESSMENT SCHEME
... On average, individuals in introduced populations put on weight more quickly, they reach sexual maturity at a younger age and frequently live at higher population densities than in their native range (Guichón et al. 2003; Bertolino et al. 2012). This may be related to a high hunting pressure in the ...
... On average, individuals in introduced populations put on weight more quickly, they reach sexual maturity at a younger age and frequently live at higher population densities than in their native range (Guichón et al. 2003; Bertolino et al. 2012). This may be related to a high hunting pressure in the ...
Functional redundancy in ecology and conservation
... important to distinguish between functional equivalency in terms of per capita impacts, and redundancy in population-level functional effects, because taxa that are apparently functionally equivalent at the individual level on selected functions may differ in their equilibrium population sizes, and ...
... important to distinguish between functional equivalency in terms of per capita impacts, and redundancy in population-level functional effects, because taxa that are apparently functionally equivalent at the individual level on selected functions may differ in their equilibrium population sizes, and ...
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native
... assessments to be based on empirical data (Copp et al. 2014). Dietary interactions with resident species frequently determine the outcome of introductions of non-native species (Baiser, Russell & Lockwood 2010; Jackson et al. 2012), and they strongly influence the ecological impacts that develop in ...
... assessments to be based on empirical data (Copp et al. 2014). Dietary interactions with resident species frequently determine the outcome of introductions of non-native species (Baiser, Russell & Lockwood 2010; Jackson et al. 2012), and they strongly influence the ecological impacts that develop in ...
Climate and Mammals - Stanford University
... cascade through the continuum of time and space, starting at the levels of genes and individuals, and building up to multispecies communities and ecosystems (Figure 2). Our approach recognizes the mutual interdependence of ecology and evolution, highlights how biotic mechanisms interact to elicit ch ...
... cascade through the continuum of time and space, starting at the levels of genes and individuals, and building up to multispecies communities and ecosystems (Figure 2). Our approach recognizes the mutual interdependence of ecology and evolution, highlights how biotic mechanisms interact to elicit ch ...
Competitive ability of the epilithic moss Thuidium
... suppression from other species or competitive ability (Mulligan & Gignac 2002), but this competitive ability only tells about the competitive performance of a particular species. Another approach is to determine the existence of competitive hierarchies, to detect such hierarchies species are grown i ...
... suppression from other species or competitive ability (Mulligan & Gignac 2002), but this competitive ability only tells about the competitive performance of a particular species. Another approach is to determine the existence of competitive hierarchies, to detect such hierarchies species are grown i ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.