![Appendix 1](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003298921_1-8b847301b0381a0f1938cbc76bc0f24b-300x300.png)
Appendix 1
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
... 64. Funk J.L. & Throop H.L. (2010). Enemy release and plant invasion: patterns of defensive traits and leaf damage in Hawaii. Oecologia, 162, 815-823. 65. Furlan C.M., Salatino A. & Domingos M. (2004). Influence of air pollution on leaf chemistry, herbivore feeding and gall frequency on Tibouchina p ...
Review populations, elucidating how changes in fitness affect
... research include the assessment of the interaction between nutrient availability and drought tolerance among carnivorous plants, as well as measurements of spatial and temporal variability in microhabitat characteristics that might constrain plant growth and fitness. In addition to addressing evolut ...
... research include the assessment of the interaction between nutrient availability and drought tolerance among carnivorous plants, as well as measurements of spatial and temporal variability in microhabitat characteristics that might constrain plant growth and fitness. In addition to addressing evolut ...
Evolutionary ecology of carnivorous plants
... research include the assessment of the interaction between nutrient availability and drought tolerance among carnivorous plants, as well as measurements of spatial and temporal variability in microhabitat characteristics that might constrain plant growth and fitness. In addition to addressing evolut ...
... research include the assessment of the interaction between nutrient availability and drought tolerance among carnivorous plants, as well as measurements of spatial and temporal variability in microhabitat characteristics that might constrain plant growth and fitness. In addition to addressing evolut ...
AG. 518 BOTANY\RANGE SCIENCE
... Describe the role of the federal government in conservation Explain why Americans have had such wasteful practices in using our natural resources in the past Discuss what would have happened to our fish and game animal populations if sport hunters and fisherman had not fought market hunters Indicate ...
... Describe the role of the federal government in conservation Explain why Americans have had such wasteful practices in using our natural resources in the past Discuss what would have happened to our fish and game animal populations if sport hunters and fisherman had not fought market hunters Indicate ...
The University of Chicago
... Schmitz et al. 1997) is an example of a trait-mediated indirect effect. I report here on research aimed at understanding the relative importance of density-mediated and traitmediated indirect effects in experimental tritrophic level interaction webs (sensu Paine 1980; Menge 1995) composed of a speci ...
... Schmitz et al. 1997) is an example of a trait-mediated indirect effect. I report here on research aimed at understanding the relative importance of density-mediated and traitmediated indirect effects in experimental tritrophic level interaction webs (sensu Paine 1980; Menge 1995) composed of a speci ...
Root–root interactions: extending our perspective
... † Background There is a large body of literature on competitive interactions among plants, but many studies have only focused on above-ground interactions and little is known about root–root dynamics between interacting plants. The perspective on possible mechanisms that explain the outcome of root– ...
... † Background There is a large body of literature on competitive interactions among plants, but many studies have only focused on above-ground interactions and little is known about root–root dynamics between interacting plants. The perspective on possible mechanisms that explain the outcome of root– ...
Parks Conservation and Lands - Commissioner for Sustainability
... Similarly, wildfire or disease can affect populations at a local level and can evan cause extinction of local populations (for example, loss of all individuals in a burnt area). These areas may be recolonised by individuals dispersing from nearby populations (known as the ‘rescue effect’). Thus, ext ...
... Similarly, wildfire or disease can affect populations at a local level and can evan cause extinction of local populations (for example, loss of all individuals in a burnt area). These areas may be recolonised by individuals dispersing from nearby populations (known as the ‘rescue effect’). Thus, ext ...
ommunications - Department of Biological Sciences
... acidification associated with increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and acidification of lakes and streams by sulfur and nitrogen deposition are two well known examples. Chemoreception in fish (Smith and Lawrence 1988, Brown et al. 2002, Leduc et al. 2004) and crayfish (Allison et al. 1 ...
... acidification associated with increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and acidification of lakes and streams by sulfur and nitrogen deposition are two well known examples. Chemoreception in fish (Smith and Lawrence 1988, Brown et al. 2002, Leduc et al. 2004) and crayfish (Allison et al. 1 ...
The influence of dispersal on zooplankton community structure and
... Diamond (1975) contributed to the understanding of ecological community development through his proposal of a series of community assembly rules (Table 1). For over a decade, Diamond studied bird populations on isolated islands in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, observing both positive and ...
... Diamond (1975) contributed to the understanding of ecological community development through his proposal of a series of community assembly rules (Table 1). For over a decade, Diamond studied bird populations on isolated islands in New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, observing both positive and ...
Exotic plant invasions to the mediterranean region of Chile: causes
... We review the literature on patterns, causes, processes and impacts of exotic plants, primarily in the mediterranean region of Chile, considering three major non-independent drivers of the invasion process: (a) Availability of exotic species propagules, (b) attributes of the local communities in whi ...
... We review the literature on patterns, causes, processes and impacts of exotic plants, primarily in the mediterranean region of Chile, considering three major non-independent drivers of the invasion process: (a) Availability of exotic species propagules, (b) attributes of the local communities in whi ...
Interactions among mutualism, competition, and predation foster
... Tang et al. 2014), affect resilience of dynamical systems to perturbations (Georgelin and Loeuille 2014), and promote stability in complex systems (Mougi and Kondoh 2014), which tend to be unstable when investigating interaction types in isolation (Allesina and Tang 2012). In this study, we investig ...
... Tang et al. 2014), affect resilience of dynamical systems to perturbations (Georgelin and Loeuille 2014), and promote stability in complex systems (Mougi and Kondoh 2014), which tend to be unstable when investigating interaction types in isolation (Allesina and Tang 2012). In this study, we investig ...
Plant responses to livestock grazing frequency in an Australian
... Livestock grazing is often thought to enhance native plant species co-existence in remnant grasslands but may also favour exotic invaders. Recommendations for appropriate grazing strategies are needed, for which an understanding of the response of plant species is necessary. We explored the response ...
... Livestock grazing is often thought to enhance native plant species co-existence in remnant grasslands but may also favour exotic invaders. Recommendations for appropriate grazing strategies are needed, for which an understanding of the response of plant species is necessary. We explored the response ...
American Journal of Botan
... Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms, the ecological complexes in which they occur, and the ways in which they interact with each other and the environment (Groves et al., 2002). The impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation are commonly expressed through changes in species richness and t ...
... Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms, the ecological complexes in which they occur, and the ways in which they interact with each other and the environment (Groves et al., 2002). The impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation are commonly expressed through changes in species richness and t ...
Evaluation of Ecological Impacts from Highway
... Ecosystems provide substantial ecological values and services such as fish and wildlife populations, nutrient cycling, water purification, and climate control. All natural areas contain definable units that can be called ecosystems. In general, the naturaLcondition of an environment is preferred bec ...
... Ecosystems provide substantial ecological values and services such as fish and wildlife populations, nutrient cycling, water purification, and climate control. All natural areas contain definable units that can be called ecosystems. In general, the naturaLcondition of an environment is preferred bec ...
The role of pollinators in floral diversification in a clade of generalist
... changes in pollination niche. Pollinators seem to have driven the evolution of corolla shape, whereas the association between pollination niche and corolla color has probably arisen by lilac-flowered Erysimum moving toward certain pollination niches for other adaptive reasons. KEY WORDS: ...
... changes in pollination niche. Pollinators seem to have driven the evolution of corolla shape, whereas the association between pollination niche and corolla color has probably arisen by lilac-flowered Erysimum moving toward certain pollination niches for other adaptive reasons. KEY WORDS: ...
CONSERVATION AREA MANAGEMENT
... Biological Diversity: means the full range of variety and variability within and among living organisms and the natural associations in which they occur. Biological diversity includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity. Part 355, of the Natural Resources and Environmental ...
... Biological Diversity: means the full range of variety and variability within and among living organisms and the natural associations in which they occur. Biological diversity includes ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity. Part 355, of the Natural Resources and Environmental ...
shifts in community leaf functional traits are
... to the variability among species (see Albert et al. 2010, 2011), which is true for some traits such as phenolics and tannin as well as LT (Eichenberg et al. 2014, D. Eichenberg, O. Purschke, H. Bruelheide (in preparation)) but might not be for other traits. CWMs calculated in this way for diverse pl ...
... to the variability among species (see Albert et al. 2010, 2011), which is true for some traits such as phenolics and tannin as well as LT (Eichenberg et al. 2014, D. Eichenberg, O. Purschke, H. Bruelheide (in preparation)) but might not be for other traits. CWMs calculated in this way for diverse pl ...
Downloaded
... to the variability among species (see Albert et al. 2010, 2011), which is true for some traits such as phenolics and tannin as well as LT (Eichenberg et al. 2014, D. Eichenberg, O. Purschke, H. Bruelheide (in preparation)) but might not be for other traits. CWMs calculated in this way for diverse pl ...
... to the variability among species (see Albert et al. 2010, 2011), which is true for some traits such as phenolics and tannin as well as LT (Eichenberg et al. 2014, D. Eichenberg, O. Purschke, H. Bruelheide (in preparation)) but might not be for other traits. CWMs calculated in this way for diverse pl ...
Climate, vegetation, and predictable gradients in mammal species
... of mammal. This result has implications both for the conservation of mammalian communities at the present time and for understanding the evolution and structure of mammalian communities in the past. Key words: species diversity, environment, ecology, palaeoecology ...
... of mammal. This result has implications both for the conservation of mammalian communities at the present time and for understanding the evolution and structure of mammalian communities in the past. Key words: species diversity, environment, ecology, palaeoecology ...
attached - BobWongLab
... that exhibit consistent genetic variation in coloration within populations [1–3]. Indeed, studies of such species have provided evolutionary biologists with important insights into mechanisms underpinning individual variation and phenotypic diversity, as well as mechanisms of speciation [2–6]. Yet, ...
... that exhibit consistent genetic variation in coloration within populations [1–3]. Indeed, studies of such species have provided evolutionary biologists with important insights into mechanisms underpinning individual variation and phenotypic diversity, as well as mechanisms of speciation [2–6]. Yet, ...
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
... comparative approach that contrasts ecological and evolutionary processes in different environments (e.g., tropical vs. temperate forest and reef systems) to derive fundamental insights into processes (e.g., biotic vs. abiotic determinants of community structure) that underscore the structural (e.g. ...
... comparative approach that contrasts ecological and evolutionary processes in different environments (e.g., tropical vs. temperate forest and reef systems) to derive fundamental insights into processes (e.g., biotic vs. abiotic determinants of community structure) that underscore the structural (e.g. ...
CHAPTER 3 SHORELINE ENVIRONMENT DESIGNATIONS AND
... development so that such development does not disrupt or destroy the character of the environment. The basic intent of this system is to utilize performance standards which regulate use activities in accordance with goals and general development policies previously developed as part of the Master Pr ...
... development so that such development does not disrupt or destroy the character of the environment. The basic intent of this system is to utilize performance standards which regulate use activities in accordance with goals and general development policies previously developed as part of the Master Pr ...
The Effects of Spatial Scale on Trophic Interactions
... to the formation of spatial patterns of resource-rich and degraded patches (de Roos and others 1998). Carry-over effects as a consequence of spatial ‘‘subsidies’’ have, for instance, been reported to cause degradation in the Arctic tundra (Jefferies 2000), where a change in food availability at the ...
... to the formation of spatial patterns of resource-rich and degraded patches (de Roos and others 1998). Carry-over effects as a consequence of spatial ‘‘subsidies’’ have, for instance, been reported to cause degradation in the Arctic tundra (Jefferies 2000), where a change in food availability at the ...
INVASIVE BARNACLE FouLINg oN AN ENDEMIC BuRRowINg CRAB
... al., 2009) which was one of the first salt marshes being invaded by Balanus glandula in this region (Schwindt et al., 2009). Loros have an extension of approximately 1548 ha and the landscape is characterized by mudflats in the lower intertidal, salt marsh vegetation dominated by Spartina alterniflo ...
... al., 2009) which was one of the first salt marshes being invaded by Balanus glandula in this region (Schwindt et al., 2009). Loros have an extension of approximately 1548 ha and the landscape is characterized by mudflats in the lower intertidal, salt marsh vegetation dominated by Spartina alterniflo ...
The niche construction paradigm in ecological time
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.