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The niche construction paradigm in ecological time
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
... important in a more general formulation of the niche construction idea is its application at an interspecific level. Indeed, conceptual frameworks such as the response/effect competition framework of Goldberg (1990) are by nature interspecific and conceptually fall within the same sort of framework. T ...
These_4_niveau 2 et 3 - Chaire CRSNG/Hydro
... relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) began. After more than 20 years of BEF research, general consensus leans toward increasing productivity, resource capture and decomposition with diversity. The two main mechanisms proposed to underlie this positive relationship are niche ...
... relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) began. After more than 20 years of BEF research, general consensus leans toward increasing productivity, resource capture and decomposition with diversity. The two main mechanisms proposed to underlie this positive relationship are niche ...
Integrating food web diversity, structure and stability
... populations and more vulnerable to invasions’. This inference is not surprising, given that homogenized systems (e.g. agricultural systems) are more prone to wild fluctuations in population densities (as characterized by pest outbreaks) compared with their more diverse counterparts [3,4]. Following ...
... populations and more vulnerable to invasions’. This inference is not surprising, given that homogenized systems (e.g. agricultural systems) are more prone to wild fluctuations in population densities (as characterized by pest outbreaks) compared with their more diverse counterparts [3,4]. Following ...
Will the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration affect the
... unusually plentiful. For instance, in Colorado shortgrass steppe communities, long-term irrigation facilitated the establishment of alien plants that persisted long after watering treatments were stopped (Milchunas and Lauenroth 1995). Heavy-rainfall years favor invasive grasses in many arid and sem ...
... unusually plentiful. For instance, in Colorado shortgrass steppe communities, long-term irrigation facilitated the establishment of alien plants that persisted long after watering treatments were stopped (Milchunas and Lauenroth 1995). Heavy-rainfall years favor invasive grasses in many arid and sem ...
A Survey and Overview of Habitat Fragmentation Experiments
... “expected” manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spatial scale of the experiments. One of the more consistently supported hypotheses was that movement and species richness are positively affected by corridors and connecti ...
... “expected” manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spatial scale of the experiments. One of the more consistently supported hypotheses was that movement and species richness are positively affected by corridors and connecti ...
Rehabilitation and Restoration of Degraded Forests
... WWF’s vision for the forests of the world, shared with its long-standing partner, IUCN, is that: “the world will have more extensive, more diverse and higher-quality forest landscapes which will meet human needs and aspirations fairly, while conserving biological diversity and fulfilling the ecosyst ...
... WWF’s vision for the forests of the world, shared with its long-standing partner, IUCN, is that: “the world will have more extensive, more diverse and higher-quality forest landscapes which will meet human needs and aspirations fairly, while conserving biological diversity and fulfilling the ecosyst ...
Indirect effects of invasive species affecting the population structure
... interactions. Thus, invaders may function as additional food source (Bulleri et al. 2005, Carlsson et al. 2009) or may provide protection to native biota (Wonham et al. 2005, Severns and Warren 2008). In addition, there may be more subtle effects caused by indirect interactions between invaders and ...
... interactions. Thus, invaders may function as additional food source (Bulleri et al. 2005, Carlsson et al. 2009) or may provide protection to native biota (Wonham et al. 2005, Severns and Warren 2008). In addition, there may be more subtle effects caused by indirect interactions between invaders and ...
Null model analysis of species associations using abundance data W U N
... species interactions ultimately depends on population-level processes. Therefore, patterns of species segregation and aggregation might be more clearly expressed in abundance matrices, in which the matrix entries indicate the abundance or density of a species in a particular site. We conducted a ser ...
... species interactions ultimately depends on population-level processes. Therefore, patterns of species segregation and aggregation might be more clearly expressed in abundance matrices, in which the matrix entries indicate the abundance or density of a species in a particular site. We conducted a ser ...
Omnivore Population Dynamics and Trophic Behavior
... just utilize the plant as a water resource (Gillespie & McGregor, 2000; Eubanks & Styrsky, 2005). The relative role of resources will ultimately influence the degree of flexibility associated with trophic omnivory (Eubanks & Denno, 1999). If the resources are interchangeable, the omnivores would ben ...
... just utilize the plant as a water resource (Gillespie & McGregor, 2000; Eubanks & Styrsky, 2005). The relative role of resources will ultimately influence the degree of flexibility associated with trophic omnivory (Eubanks & Denno, 1999). If the resources are interchangeable, the omnivores would ben ...
Effects of shading on relative competitive
... yield (Hájek et al. 2009), than the species in the forest margins (such as S. capillifolium). As a key process in plant communities, plant-plant interaction has been an important issue in ecological studies since the work of Harper five decades ago (Brooker 2006). In a Sphagnum community, the indivi ...
... yield (Hájek et al. 2009), than the species in the forest margins (such as S. capillifolium). As a key process in plant communities, plant-plant interaction has been an important issue in ecological studies since the work of Harper five decades ago (Brooker 2006). In a Sphagnum community, the indivi ...
MECHANISMS INFLUENCING THE GROWTH, REPRODUCTION
... of lipids in the bodies of the amphipods. The animals accumulated triacylglycerol (fat) in the period after the spring bloom of diatoms (microalgae) in the open water. In M. affinis, the level of lipid reached 25% of the dry weight in summer, but was low in winter. In the less active P. femorata, li ...
... of lipids in the bodies of the amphipods. The animals accumulated triacylglycerol (fat) in the period after the spring bloom of diatoms (microalgae) in the open water. In M. affinis, the level of lipid reached 25% of the dry weight in summer, but was low in winter. In the less active P. femorata, li ...
weakly density-dependent mortality and the coexistence of species
... there is no biological requirement that demands exactly density-independent growth and mortality terms. In nature many mechanisms are observed that give rise to density dependence, these mechanisms include overcrowding, diseases, predator interference, prey defense, social interactions, parasites, ...
... there is no biological requirement that demands exactly density-independent growth and mortality terms. In nature many mechanisms are observed that give rise to density dependence, these mechanisms include overcrowding, diseases, predator interference, prey defense, social interactions, parasites, ...
Curriculum Vitae Elizabeth A. Lynch Employment 2005
... Tweiten, M.A., S.C. Hotchkiss, R.K. Booth, R.R. Calcote, E.A. Lynch. 2009. The response of a jack pine forest to late-Holocene climate variability in northwestern Wisconsin. The Holocene 19:1049-1061. Power, M.J., Ortiz, N., Marlon, J., Bartlein, P.J., Harrison, S.P., Mayle, F., Ballouche, A., Brads ...
... Tweiten, M.A., S.C. Hotchkiss, R.K. Booth, R.R. Calcote, E.A. Lynch. 2009. The response of a jack pine forest to late-Holocene climate variability in northwestern Wisconsin. The Holocene 19:1049-1061. Power, M.J., Ortiz, N., Marlon, J., Bartlein, P.J., Harrison, S.P., Mayle, F., Ballouche, A., Brads ...
Cervid Ecological Framework
... In 2008 the OMNR revised the Statement of Environmental Values (SEV) under the Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR). The SEV describes how the purposes of the EBR are to be considered whenever decisions that might significantly affect the environment are made by the OMNR. OMNR has considered the SEV d ...
... In 2008 the OMNR revised the Statement of Environmental Values (SEV) under the Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR). The SEV describes how the purposes of the EBR are to be considered whenever decisions that might significantly affect the environment are made by the OMNR. OMNR has considered the SEV d ...
Ecological monitoring in Cambridge Bay
... location of a sampled microhabitat: where the triangles denote the two dry ecosites and the squares denote the two wet habitats. Points which are located more closely together are more similar than points located further away from one another. In A, the text represents the individual species codes ( ...
... location of a sampled microhabitat: where the triangles denote the two dry ecosites and the squares denote the two wet habitats. Points which are located more closely together are more similar than points located further away from one another. In A, the text represents the individual species codes ( ...
chapter 6 interplay between scale, resolution, life history and food
... other species in the system via the network of interactions, both direct and indirect. This leads us to a very fundamental question: How are food webs structured? The answer is not derived only from the measurement of nature, but also depends on conceptualization of the model. Winemiller and Layman ...
... other species in the system via the network of interactions, both direct and indirect. This leads us to a very fundamental question: How are food webs structured? The answer is not derived only from the measurement of nature, but also depends on conceptualization of the model. Winemiller and Layman ...
Are Cattle Surrogate Wildlife? Savanna Plant Community
... Voeten and Prins 1999), suggesting some degree of functional redundancy. For example, cattle may partially functionally replace other herbivores both directly, via consumption of excess forage (Young et al. 2005), and indirectly, by accelerating nutrient cycling and increasing production (Frank and ...
... Voeten and Prins 1999), suggesting some degree of functional redundancy. For example, cattle may partially functionally replace other herbivores both directly, via consumption of excess forage (Young et al. 2005), and indirectly, by accelerating nutrient cycling and increasing production (Frank and ...
Are Exotic Herbivores Better Competitors? A Meta
... herbivore competition. We distinguish between these two factors since they are not necessarily ...
... herbivore competition. We distinguish between these two factors since they are not necessarily ...
Redacted for privacy - H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest
... Edge effects resulting from forest fragmentation are likely to alter the distributions and interactions of resident species. I evaluated changes in species composition, species turnover, and relative abundance of ground arthropods across replicated transects extending from regenerating clearcuts int ...
... Edge effects resulting from forest fragmentation are likely to alter the distributions and interactions of resident species. I evaluated changes in species composition, species turnover, and relative abundance of ground arthropods across replicated transects extending from regenerating clearcuts int ...
Patterns and Consequences of Interspecific Competition
... at least one group of neighbors. We also included two other types of experiments in which treatments differ in neighbor identity but not absolute neighbor abundance. These allow comparison of the relative but not the absolute magnitude of the effects of different neighbors. In "comparison-phytometer ...
... at least one group of neighbors. We also included two other types of experiments in which treatments differ in neighbor identity but not absolute neighbor abundance. These allow comparison of the relative but not the absolute magnitude of the effects of different neighbors. In "comparison-phytometer ...
Shifting species interactions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
... Species interactions play key roles in linking the responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. For instance, species interactions are an important determinant of the complexity of changes in trophic biomass with variation in resources. Water resources are a major d ...
Chapters 25-27 sample exam
... the age of a large fungus growing in a forest. The width of the area the fungus was known to be growing in was 635 meters across, and you can assume that the fungus is in a circle that grew at the same rate in all directions. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Calculate the annual ...
... the age of a large fungus growing in a forest. The width of the area the fungus was known to be growing in was 635 meters across, and you can assume that the fungus is in a circle that grew at the same rate in all directions. Use data from Data Gallery #1 to support your answer. Calculate the annual ...
Photosynthesis in Extreme Environments
... When we think of extremophiles, prokaryotes come to mind first. Thomas Brock’s pioneering studies of extremophiles carried out in Yellowstone’s hydrothermal environments, set the focus of life in extreme environments on prokaryotes and their metabolisms (Brock, 1978). However, eukaryotic microbial l ...
... When we think of extremophiles, prokaryotes come to mind first. Thomas Brock’s pioneering studies of extremophiles carried out in Yellowstone’s hydrothermal environments, set the focus of life in extreme environments on prokaryotes and their metabolisms (Brock, 1978). However, eukaryotic microbial l ...
full-text pdf - phylodiversity.net
... expressed in year)1 units. We acknowledge that singleexponential decay models do not in all specific cases give the best description of the decay pattern, especially on long time scales (e.g. Berg & Matzner 1997). However, it has been by far the most reported model for several decades. Also, for our ...
... expressed in year)1 units. We acknowledge that singleexponential decay models do not in all specific cases give the best description of the decay pattern, especially on long time scales (e.g. Berg & Matzner 1997). However, it has been by far the most reported model for several decades. Also, for our ...
Construction and validation of food webs using logic
... Certain species may also be able to modify the environment, facilitating co-occurring species (Stachowicz, 2001), as observed in the plants where there is competition for nutrients, water and space, and direct competitive interactions with invertebrate herbivores and other plants (e.g., allelopathy) ...
... Certain species may also be able to modify the environment, facilitating co-occurring species (Stachowicz, 2001), as observed in the plants where there is competition for nutrients, water and space, and direct competitive interactions with invertebrate herbivores and other plants (e.g., allelopathy) ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.