![The evolution of predator-prey interactions: Theory and evidence](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015157151_1-d2c8978dec8d6585989c7d1bb603611b-300x300.png)
The evolution of predator-prey interactions: Theory and evidence
... potentially affected by one or more traits are: (a) the individual’s maximum capture rate of prey (C in Equations 1 and 2), and (b) the individual’s per capita intake rate of prey required for zero population growth of the predator (B/D in Equation 1). In most cases, the relationship between prey ab ...
... potentially affected by one or more traits are: (a) the individual’s maximum capture rate of prey (C in Equations 1 and 2), and (b) the individual’s per capita intake rate of prey required for zero population growth of the predator (B/D in Equation 1). In most cases, the relationship between prey ab ...
Alien Marine Invertebrates of Hawaii
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
Crassostrea gigas - Pacific oyster UK NON
... affect establishment in the Risk Assessment area and in the area of current distribution? 1.16 How similar are other abiotic factors that would affect establishment in the Risk Assessment area and in the area of present distribution? 1.17 How many species (for herbivores, predators and parasites) or ...
... affect establishment in the Risk Assessment area and in the area of current distribution? 1.16 How similar are other abiotic factors that would affect establishment in the Risk Assessment area and in the area of present distribution? 1.17 How many species (for herbivores, predators and parasites) or ...
Extent and ecological consequences of hunting
... Central Africa is one of the ‘most remote’ areas of tropical moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already acces ...
... Central Africa is one of the ‘most remote’ areas of tropical moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already acces ...
fulltext
... When stages feed on different resources the population regulating processes (maturation and reproduction) are not only determined by stage-specific resource use efficiencies but also by relative productivities of stage-specific resources. Also, the type of ontogenetic niche shift discrete and comple ...
... When stages feed on different resources the population regulating processes (maturation and reproduction) are not only determined by stage-specific resource use efficiencies but also by relative productivities of stage-specific resources. Also, the type of ontogenetic niche shift discrete and comple ...
Longitudinal monitoring of parasites in individual wild primates
... fecal egg loads. The reason may be that those individuals are able to sustain larger populations of parasites, or that they are more tolerant to parasites. Hibernation could lead to the extinction of the nematode community, whereas higher precipitation appeared to lead to higher prevalences. This wo ...
... fecal egg loads. The reason may be that those individuals are able to sustain larger populations of parasites, or that they are more tolerant to parasites. Hibernation could lead to the extinction of the nematode community, whereas higher precipitation appeared to lead to higher prevalences. This wo ...
Abstracts - Society For Range Management
... 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2DuPont, Wetaskawin, Alberta, Canada Beneficial legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens) increase the productivity of pastures and quality of forage, and are important features of northern temperate pastures. Whe ...
... 1University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2DuPont, Wetaskawin, Alberta, Canada Beneficial legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens) increase the productivity of pastures and quality of forage, and are important features of northern temperate pastures. Whe ...
The role of past and present management in the rural landscape
... 2010). The existence of grassland plant populations in abandoned grasslands and small and linear habitats, such as mid-field islets, road verges and field boundaries (Smart et al. 2002; Cousins 2006; Johansson, Cousins & Eriksson 2010) adds further to the diversity of the rural landscape. The severi ...
... 2010). The existence of grassland plant populations in abandoned grasslands and small and linear habitats, such as mid-field islets, road verges and field boundaries (Smart et al. 2002; Cousins 2006; Johansson, Cousins & Eriksson 2010) adds further to the diversity of the rural landscape. The severi ...
Review Questions and Answers
... 4. How do the patterns of inheritance implied by Darwin’s tree of life compare to those emerging from the concept of horizontal gene transfer, and how are parasites affected? Darwin’s tree of life emphasized the inheritance of genetic information from an individual’s ancestors (vertical transfer) wh ...
... 4. How do the patterns of inheritance implied by Darwin’s tree of life compare to those emerging from the concept of horizontal gene transfer, and how are parasites affected? Darwin’s tree of life emphasized the inheritance of genetic information from an individual’s ancestors (vertical transfer) wh ...
Stachowicz Annual Reviews - Virginia Institute of Marine Science
... time frames using organisms with sufficiently rapid generation times that their relative and absolute densities adjust during the experiment owing to birth, death, and recruitment. The choice between additive and replacement designs is more important in experiments of short duration or when density o ...
... time frames using organisms with sufficiently rapid generation times that their relative and absolute densities adjust during the experiment owing to birth, death, and recruitment. The choice between additive and replacement designs is more important in experiments of short duration or when density o ...
Soil Heterogeneity Effects on Tallgrass Prairie Community
... randomly assigned to heterogeneity treatments of control, soil depth heterogeneity, soil nutrient heterogeneity, or maximum heterogeneity containing both the depth and nutrient heterogeneity treatments (Fig. 1). The soil depth and nutrient manipulations were assigned to strips within each plot. The ...
... randomly assigned to heterogeneity treatments of control, soil depth heterogeneity, soil nutrient heterogeneity, or maximum heterogeneity containing both the depth and nutrient heterogeneity treatments (Fig. 1). The soil depth and nutrient manipulations were assigned to strips within each plot. The ...
this PDF file - Journal of Insect Biodiversity
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
... Abstract: The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an ...
Non-optimal animal movement in human
... that evolved in landscapes with high habitat coverage should experience relatively low risk while moving, since most of their movements take place within the habitat. These species should evolve movement behaviours that respond mainly to local conditions rather than to potential risks of movement. F ...
... that evolved in landscapes with high habitat coverage should experience relatively low risk while moving, since most of their movements take place within the habitat. These species should evolve movement behaviours that respond mainly to local conditions rather than to potential risks of movement. F ...
Link - University of Minnesota Duluth
... senescence of canopy trees or abiotic disturbance events such as windthrow. In the mixed deciduous forests characteristic of eastern North America, natural decline and mortality of aging trees generates gradual but ongoing formation of small gaps, while storms can generate episodic formation of nume ...
... senescence of canopy trees or abiotic disturbance events such as windthrow. In the mixed deciduous forests characteristic of eastern North America, natural decline and mortality of aging trees generates gradual but ongoing formation of small gaps, while storms can generate episodic formation of nume ...
The Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika: A
... indicating rapid diversification and adaptation to particular ecological niches at the onset of the Lake Tanganyika radiation. The Tropheini, one of the endemic mouth-brooding tribes, were shown to be nested within the haplochromines, the most species-rich lineage that also includes the species floc ...
... indicating rapid diversification and adaptation to particular ecological niches at the onset of the Lake Tanganyika radiation. The Tropheini, one of the endemic mouth-brooding tribes, were shown to be nested within the haplochromines, the most species-rich lineage that also includes the species floc ...
Non-Native Invasive Earthworms as Agents of Change in Northern
... to a more favorableenvironment that increasedthe "carrying capacity" of the mixed surface soil relative to undisturbed forest floor. Understanding or predicting the effects of earthworminvasion on N cycling in forest soils depends on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, because of the ti ...
... to a more favorableenvironment that increasedthe "carrying capacity" of the mixed surface soil relative to undisturbed forest floor. Understanding or predicting the effects of earthworminvasion on N cycling in forest soils depends on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, because of the ti ...
Differential genetic influences on competitive effect and response in
... more than just the trait of interest. Though this is certainly true, it is reasonable to believe that the number of correlated changes associated with this genetic approach will be small relative to the number of traits that vary among species in the comparative approach. An additional concern is th ...
... more than just the trait of interest. Though this is certainly true, it is reasonable to believe that the number of correlated changes associated with this genetic approach will be small relative to the number of traits that vary among species in the comparative approach. An additional concern is th ...
Semester 1 Exam Review Sheet
... I can explain how catch-share and co-management systems help to sustain fisheries. I can outline the threats to wetlands and their ecosystem services. I can outline the threats to the world’s rivers and other freshwater systems. I can define the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. I can identify th ...
... I can explain how catch-share and co-management systems help to sustain fisheries. I can outline the threats to wetlands and their ecosystem services. I can outline the threats to the world’s rivers and other freshwater systems. I can define the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. I can identify th ...
Ecosystems and Population Change Ecosystems and Population
... Since there is usually more than one species in an ecosystem, there is also more than one population. The collection of all the populations of all the species in an ecosystem or habitat is called the community of organisms. For example, the community in a lake might include populations of pike, perc ...
... Since there is usually more than one species in an ecosystem, there is also more than one population. The collection of all the populations of all the species in an ecosystem or habitat is called the community of organisms. For example, the community in a lake might include populations of pike, perc ...
Full Program
... Our world is changing fast and in many ways. Whether through rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistance, changing population dynamics among our study species, or threats to biological diversity, our community makes extraordinary contributions to knowledge and, increasingly, to its application in pr ...
... Our world is changing fast and in many ways. Whether through rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistance, changing population dynamics among our study species, or threats to biological diversity, our community makes extraordinary contributions to knowledge and, increasingly, to its application in pr ...
evolutionary implications of the form of predator generalization for
... constant total amount of stimulation of the sense organ. Examples they give include variation in tone while keeping the same noise intensity or variation in light wavelength (because total receptor stimulation is approximately constant across wide wavelength ranges in many species). Prey characters ...
... constant total amount of stimulation of the sense organ. Examples they give include variation in tone while keeping the same noise intensity or variation in light wavelength (because total receptor stimulation is approximately constant across wide wavelength ranges in many species). Prey characters ...
Seed germination traits of two plant functional
... species; and Chinnusamy et al. (2005) have reviewed the molecular basis of salt tolerance in plants. However, most previous studies have focused on the responses of plants to salinity within species (e.g., Houle et al. 2001; Megdiche et al. 2007; Rumbaugh et al. 1993). A few studies have been conduc ...
... species; and Chinnusamy et al. (2005) have reviewed the molecular basis of salt tolerance in plants. However, most previous studies have focused on the responses of plants to salinity within species (e.g., Houle et al. 2001; Megdiche et al. 2007; Rumbaugh et al. 1993). A few studies have been conduc ...
Back to the future: using palaeolimnology to infer long
... The primary focus of many experimental studies and the palaeo-ecological investigations that have considered species interactions (e.g. Leavitt, Carpenter & Kitchell, 1989; Leavitt et al., 1994; Kerfoot, 1981) has been upon trophic cascades, rather than the full community food web: i.e. a food chain ...
... The primary focus of many experimental studies and the palaeo-ecological investigations that have considered species interactions (e.g. Leavitt, Carpenter & Kitchell, 1989; Leavitt et al., 1994; Kerfoot, 1981) has been upon trophic cascades, rather than the full community food web: i.e. a food chain ...
Community Ecology 8
... Abstract: Two basic concepts of guild definition were developed in community ecology that enable simplification of complex communities or ecosystems into structural building blocks of species with similar niches. Root defined guild as a group of species utilising the same environmental resources by ...
... Abstract: Two basic concepts of guild definition were developed in community ecology that enable simplification of complex communities or ecosystems into structural building blocks of species with similar niches. Root defined guild as a group of species utilising the same environmental resources by ...
Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants
... may also be important in consideration of the insurance hypothesis of biodiversity function (Yachi & Loreau, 1999). The insurance hypothesis states that although particular species may not appear currently to affect ecosystem function, maintaining diversity may provide long-term stability when envir ...
... may also be important in consideration of the insurance hypothesis of biodiversity function (Yachi & Loreau, 1999). The insurance hypothesis states that although particular species may not appear currently to affect ecosystem function, maintaining diversity may provide long-term stability when envir ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.