Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants
... may also be important in consideration of the insurance hypothesis of biodiversity function (Yachi & Loreau, 1999). The insurance hypothesis states that although particular species may not appear currently to affect ecosystem function, maintaining diversity may provide long-term stability when envir ...
... may also be important in consideration of the insurance hypothesis of biodiversity function (Yachi & Loreau, 1999). The insurance hypothesis states that although particular species may not appear currently to affect ecosystem function, maintaining diversity may provide long-term stability when envir ...
Non-random gene flow: an underappreciated force in evolution and
... conditions, often because these affect the costs and benefits of available dispersal decisions. Confusingly, also used to mean dispersal that depends on the physical condition of the disperser (e.g., level of energy reserves). Dispersal: the movement and incorporation of individuals between populati ...
... conditions, often because these affect the costs and benefits of available dispersal decisions. Confusingly, also used to mean dispersal that depends on the physical condition of the disperser (e.g., level of energy reserves). Dispersal: the movement and incorporation of individuals between populati ...
Non-random patterns of host use by the different parasite species
... studied in communities of helminths in their vertebrate hosts (e.g. Bush & Holmes, 1986 ; Moore & Simberloff, 1990 ; Lotz & Font, 1991 ; Haukisalmi & Henttonen, 1993). Often in these communities certain parasite species co-occur more or less frequently than expected by chance, suggesting that the co ...
... studied in communities of helminths in their vertebrate hosts (e.g. Bush & Holmes, 1986 ; Moore & Simberloff, 1990 ; Lotz & Font, 1991 ; Haukisalmi & Henttonen, 1993). Often in these communities certain parasite species co-occur more or less frequently than expected by chance, suggesting that the co ...
here
... participating in ten saturation dives, most recently in July 2012, and setting a record for solo diving in 1000 meters depth. Her research concerns marine ecosystems with special reference to exploration, conservation and the development of new technologies for effective operations in the deep sea. ...
... participating in ten saturation dives, most recently in July 2012, and setting a record for solo diving in 1000 meters depth. Her research concerns marine ecosystems with special reference to exploration, conservation and the development of new technologies for effective operations in the deep sea. ...
Non-random gene flow: an underappreciated force in
... conditions, often because these affect the costs and benefits of available dispersal decisions. Confusingly, also used to mean dispersal that depends on the physical condition of the disperser (e.g., level of energy reserves). Dispersal: the movement and incorporation of individuals between populati ...
... conditions, often because these affect the costs and benefits of available dispersal decisions. Confusingly, also used to mean dispersal that depends on the physical condition of the disperser (e.g., level of energy reserves). Dispersal: the movement and incorporation of individuals between populati ...
FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY AND BODY MORPHOLOGY IN RELATION TO POPULATION NEW ZEALAND
... disturbance. Moreover, Swaddle and Witter (1994) found that both nutritional and energetic stress increased DI in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). DI can be observed physically in an individual, and thus quantified, through the measurement of deviations from symmetry in bilaterally symmetrical ...
... disturbance. Moreover, Swaddle and Witter (1994) found that both nutritional and energetic stress increased DI in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). DI can be observed physically in an individual, and thus quantified, through the measurement of deviations from symmetry in bilaterally symmetrical ...
Nutrient resorption of wetland graminoids is related to the type of
... Either N or P (and sometimes K) can be limiting for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems (Aerts & Chapin 2000; Olde Venterink et al. 2003). The type of nutrient limitation is approximately indicated by the N : P ratios (ratio between N and P concentration) of plant biomass: N : P mass ratios above ...
... Either N or P (and sometimes K) can be limiting for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems (Aerts & Chapin 2000; Olde Venterink et al. 2003). The type of nutrient limitation is approximately indicated by the N : P ratios (ratio between N and P concentration) of plant biomass: N : P mass ratios above ...
Chemicals in Host-Parasitoid and Prey-Predator Relations
... Predation and parasitism are the two interactions most studied, for two main reasons. First, predators and parasitoids affect the distribution and abundance of populations and the structure of communities, so they have been of central interest to the ecologist who attempts to unravel the complex fac ...
... Predation and parasitism are the two interactions most studied, for two main reasons. First, predators and parasitoids affect the distribution and abundance of populations and the structure of communities, so they have been of central interest to the ecologist who attempts to unravel the complex fac ...
Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in Appalachian Desmognathine
... streams that can provide dispersal corri- aged across populations of each species be asymptotic. Over time, genetic differdors. (as well as D. orestes groups B and C) and entiation raises the asymptote while gene across loci judged polymorphic by the flow increases the geographic distance at 95% cri ...
... streams that can provide dispersal corri- aged across populations of each species be asymptotic. Over time, genetic differdors. (as well as D. orestes groups B and C) and entiation raises the asymptote while gene across loci judged polymorphic by the flow increases the geographic distance at 95% cri ...
Coral reefs in crisis: The reliability of deep-time food web
... [9, 10, 11]. Most recently, it has been suggested that community persistence itself might act as an agent of long-term selection, with functional structures and interactions appearing repeatedly within ecosystems over geological time [12]. Therefore, attempts to understand and conserve modern commun ...
... [9, 10, 11]. Most recently, it has been suggested that community persistence itself might act as an agent of long-term selection, with functional structures and interactions appearing repeatedly within ecosystems over geological time [12]. Therefore, attempts to understand and conserve modern commun ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
reviews - Gary Bucciarelli
... pathogen or altering habitat. Synergistic effects between abiotic, biotic, and nonnative species may also occur. In this review we discuss the numerous ways amphibians are impacted by introduced species (see Fig. 1) through direct threats, such as predation and displacement, as well as indirectly by ...
... pathogen or altering habitat. Synergistic effects between abiotic, biotic, and nonnative species may also occur. In this review we discuss the numerous ways amphibians are impacted by introduced species (see Fig. 1) through direct threats, such as predation and displacement, as well as indirectly by ...
Modeling multiple nonconsumptive effects in
... statistics necessary to parameterize the model in hopes that future empirical studies will include additional experiments that can inform modeling frameworks such as the one proposed here. Empirically informed theoretical studies will help evaluate the importance of NCEs on the long-term dynamics of ...
... statistics necessary to parameterize the model in hopes that future empirical studies will include additional experiments that can inform modeling frameworks such as the one proposed here. Empirically informed theoretical studies will help evaluate the importance of NCEs on the long-term dynamics of ...
The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians
... pathogen or altering habitat. Synergistic effects between abiotic, biotic, and nonnative species may also occur. In this review we discuss the numerous ways amphibians are impacted by introduced species (see Fig. 1) through direct threats, such as predation and displacement, as well as indirectly by ...
... pathogen or altering habitat. Synergistic effects between abiotic, biotic, and nonnative species may also occur. In this review we discuss the numerous ways amphibians are impacted by introduced species (see Fig. 1) through direct threats, such as predation and displacement, as well as indirectly by ...
Seeing Cooperation or Competition
... Minta et al., 1992). Both coyotes and badgers obtain more prey when hunting together than alone. Interestingly, their association also involves behaviors not directly related to hunting activities, including play, sustained nasal-nasal and body contact, and resting together. The hunting relationship ...
... Minta et al., 1992). Both coyotes and badgers obtain more prey when hunting together than alone. Interestingly, their association also involves behaviors not directly related to hunting activities, including play, sustained nasal-nasal and body contact, and resting together. The hunting relationship ...
on the ecological roles of salamanders
... Burton & Likens (1975a,b) first quantified both density and biomass of a salamander guild at a watershed scale. Working in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest of New Hampshire, they estimated that five salamander species had a combined average density of 2950 salamanders/ha (0.29/m2) and a biomass ...
... Burton & Likens (1975a,b) first quantified both density and biomass of a salamander guild at a watershed scale. Working in the Hubbard Brook experimental forest of New Hampshire, they estimated that five salamander species had a combined average density of 2950 salamanders/ha (0.29/m2) and a biomass ...
REGIME SHIFTS, RESILIENCE, AND BIODIVERSITY IN
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
... Scheffer 1997). The two regimes of most concern to people who use the lakes are the clear-water and turbid-water regimes. In the clear-water regime, phosphorus inputs, phytoplankton biomass, and recycling of phosphorus from sediments are relatively low. In the turbid-water regime, these same variabl ...
INFORMING THE RESTORATION OF PIEDMONT SAVANNA USING
... The presettlement southeastern US Piedmont landscape supported an apparent abundance of firemaintained landscapes, including Piedmont savannas. Fire suppression led to a decline of fireresponsive, sun-loving herbaceous plants that had persisted for thousands (or millions) of years. These plants are ...
... The presettlement southeastern US Piedmont landscape supported an apparent abundance of firemaintained landscapes, including Piedmont savannas. Fire suppression led to a decline of fireresponsive, sun-loving herbaceous plants that had persisted for thousands (or millions) of years. These plants are ...
17 Ecological Approaches to Crop Domestication
... varies even within agricultural environments. It is interesting that two crops that have maintained conspicuous defenses – manioc, which is cyanogenic, and grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), which contains neurotoxins – are both considered as being particularly adapted to marginal conditions where few ...
... varies even within agricultural environments. It is interesting that two crops that have maintained conspicuous defenses – manioc, which is cyanogenic, and grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), which contains neurotoxins – are both considered as being particularly adapted to marginal conditions where few ...
Published Version
... symbionts for defense against natural enemies, but the ecological importance of defensive symbionts for natural communities still needs to be investigated. A well-known example is Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable endosymbiotic bacterium commonly found in aphids. Laboratory experiments have shown th ...
... symbionts for defense against natural enemies, but the ecological importance of defensive symbionts for natural communities still needs to be investigated. A well-known example is Hamiltonella defensa, a heritable endosymbiotic bacterium commonly found in aphids. Laboratory experiments have shown th ...
Effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success in marine
... to assess the effect of disturbance on resident species and recent invaders, ascidian growth form (i.e. colonial and solitary growth form), and the dominant species-specific responses within the community. Community age was an additional factor considered through manipulation of 5-wk old assemblages ...
... to assess the effect of disturbance on resident species and recent invaders, ascidian growth form (i.e. colonial and solitary growth form), and the dominant species-specific responses within the community. Community age was an additional factor considered through manipulation of 5-wk old assemblages ...
Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human
... for all the others (Table 1) [45]. We applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the objective of reducing the number of variables and the possible effect of multicollinearity among them as well as to obtain linear combinations of these variables describing the prevailing landscape gradients ...
... for all the others (Table 1) [45]. We applied a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the objective of reducing the number of variables and the possible effect of multicollinearity among them as well as to obtain linear combinations of these variables describing the prevailing landscape gradients ...
C. W. Cunningham 2001
... Third, a number of recent genetic studies have revealed the existence of sibling species complexes in what were once thought to be a single polymorphic species (Knowlton 1993). Such discoveries suggest that many marine species may have more limited distributions than previously thought and may be fa ...
... Third, a number of recent genetic studies have revealed the existence of sibling species complexes in what were once thought to be a single polymorphic species (Knowlton 1993). Such discoveries suggest that many marine species may have more limited distributions than previously thought and may be fa ...
Approximating Nature`s Variation: Selecting and Using Reference
... larger problem of using a wide range of historical and contemporary information, including information collected on the site to be restored (Table 1). Restoration is carried out for a wide range of purposes, including ones that are not centered on restoring natural processes, but rather on direct hu ...
... larger problem of using a wide range of historical and contemporary information, including information collected on the site to be restored (Table 1). Restoration is carried out for a wide range of purposes, including ones that are not centered on restoring natural processes, but rather on direct hu ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.