![Competition intensity and its importance: results of field experiments](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005742452_1-4971771e92df4ee40ea39636869aeedc-300x300.png)
Competition intensity and its importance: results of field experiments
... The data from two experiments on the perennial grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum (further referred to as Anthoxanthum), conducted in Estonia and in Norway, were included in this analysis. Anthoxanthum is a common plant in both study areas, and reproduces well both sexually and vegetatively. Its ra ...
... The data from two experiments on the perennial grass species Anthoxanthum odoratum (further referred to as Anthoxanthum), conducted in Estonia and in Norway, were included in this analysis. Anthoxanthum is a common plant in both study areas, and reproduces well both sexually and vegetatively. Its ra ...
Herbivory enhances the diversity of primary producers in pond
... Abstract. Diversity of primary producer is often surprisingly high, despite few limiting factors such as nutrients and light to facilitate species coexistence. In theory, the presence of herbivores could increase the diversity of primary producers, resolving this “paradox of the plankton.” Little ex ...
... Abstract. Diversity of primary producer is often surprisingly high, despite few limiting factors such as nutrients and light to facilitate species coexistence. In theory, the presence of herbivores could increase the diversity of primary producers, resolving this “paradox of the plankton.” Little ex ...
Extent and ecological consequences of hunting in
... Central Africa is one of the ‘most remote’ areas of tropical moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already acces ...
... Central Africa is one of the ‘most remote’ areas of tropical moist forest in the world, based on human settlement density, infrastructure and road location [21], yet empirical data from village hunting studies and ecological surveys in the region show that much of this remote forest is already acces ...
Linking nutrient loading, local abiotic variables, richness and
... Abstract. We studied relationships between nutrient loading, local abiotic variables, richness and biomasses of macrophytes, and associated invertebrate species in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. The study showed that nutrient load strongly correlated to the richness and biomass of macroalgal and inve ...
... Abstract. We studied relationships between nutrient loading, local abiotic variables, richness and biomasses of macrophytes, and associated invertebrate species in the north-eastern Baltic Sea. The study showed that nutrient load strongly correlated to the richness and biomass of macroalgal and inve ...
Species` Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and
... work, what types of questions they are suitable for addressing, and how model output should be interpreted. Geographical versus environmental space We are used to thinking about the occurrence of species in geographical space; that is, the species’ distribution as plotted on a map. To understand spe ...
... work, what types of questions they are suitable for addressing, and how model output should be interpreted. Geographical versus environmental space We are used to thinking about the occurrence of species in geographical space; that is, the species’ distribution as plotted on a map. To understand spe ...
Foliar elemental composition of European forest tree species
... elemental composition and stoichiometry. Forest type and current climatic conditions also partially explained the differences in foliar elemental composition among species. In the same genus co-occurring species had overall higher differences in foliar elemental composition and stoichiometry than th ...
... elemental composition and stoichiometry. Forest type and current climatic conditions also partially explained the differences in foliar elemental composition among species. In the same genus co-occurring species had overall higher differences in foliar elemental composition and stoichiometry than th ...
weeping myall woodland - Brigalow Nandewar Biolinks
... the community. This degrades the condition and extent of the community. Pest animals such as pigs also cause damage. Bag shelter moth (Ochrogaster lunifera) – larvae can defoliate trees to the point where they are unable to recover and the tree dies. Bag shelter moth also affects seed set and viabil ...
... the community. This degrades the condition and extent of the community. Pest animals such as pigs also cause damage. Bag shelter moth (Ochrogaster lunifera) – larvae can defoliate trees to the point where they are unable to recover and the tree dies. Bag shelter moth also affects seed set and viabil ...
Marine Ecological Restoration - sfile.f
... Marine Ecological Restoration: Vision and approaches for the future (advantages, drawbacks and major gaps) Directions and concepts for implementation of ‘science-based ecological restoration’ as an effective management tool Are there socio-economic incentives that can promote restoration proje ...
... Marine Ecological Restoration: Vision and approaches for the future (advantages, drawbacks and major gaps) Directions and concepts for implementation of ‘science-based ecological restoration’ as an effective management tool Are there socio-economic incentives that can promote restoration proje ...
ORGANISATIONAL ECOLOGY AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES
... institutional theories and transaction cost economics, and by incorporating the concepts of resource based view it thus creates a Meta paradigm which is in a position to look at organizational theory holistically. ...
... institutional theories and transaction cost economics, and by incorporating the concepts of resource based view it thus creates a Meta paradigm which is in a position to look at organizational theory holistically. ...
Environmental variation has stronger effects than plant genotype on
... the ecological outcome of competitive interactions. We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis whether genetic variation for competitive traits in a native plant (Oenothera biennis) affects the performance and diversity of competing plant species. 3. In greenhouse and field experime ...
... the ecological outcome of competitive interactions. We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis whether genetic variation for competitive traits in a native plant (Oenothera biennis) affects the performance and diversity of competing plant species. 3. In greenhouse and field experime ...
Leaf ties as colonization sites for forest arthropods
... unpubl. data) and the species richness of insect herbivores (Lill & Marquis, 2003) at the whole plant level. It was not clear, however, whether these increases were due to increased oviposition in/on the ties or to some other effect, such as increased survival or decreased emigration of insects on t ...
... unpubl. data) and the species richness of insect herbivores (Lill & Marquis, 2003) at the whole plant level. It was not clear, however, whether these increases were due to increased oviposition in/on the ties or to some other effect, such as increased survival or decreased emigration of insects on t ...
Purple Loosestrife - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the
... No native or accidentally introduced herbivores with the potential for control of L. salicaria were found in North America (Hight, 1990). More recently, several native pathogens have been evaluated for their potential as biological control agents (Nyvall, 1995; Nyvall and Hu, 1997). Surveys in Europ ...
... No native or accidentally introduced herbivores with the potential for control of L. salicaria were found in North America (Hight, 1990). More recently, several native pathogens have been evaluated for their potential as biological control agents (Nyvall, 1995; Nyvall and Hu, 1997). Surveys in Europ ...
Myall Lakes Ramsar site ecological character description
... ecosystem processes (Healthy Rivers Commission 2002). The dominant feature of the site is the large interconnected lakes system which covers an area of 10,000–15,000 ha (the range is due to varying water levels). The two large lakes – Myall Lake in the north, and Bombah Broadwater in the south – are ...
... ecosystem processes (Healthy Rivers Commission 2002). The dominant feature of the site is the large interconnected lakes system which covers an area of 10,000–15,000 ha (the range is due to varying water levels). The two large lakes – Myall Lake in the north, and Bombah Broadwater in the south – are ...
Integrative and Comparative Biology
... Experimental physiologists have borrowed the toxicological concept of determining the concentrations at which a physiological parameter produces effects on organismal functioning, behavior, health, or fitness (Peek et al. 2002; Romero et al. 2009; Costantini et al. 2010), hereafter designated as dos ...
... Experimental physiologists have borrowed the toxicological concept of determining the concentrations at which a physiological parameter produces effects on organismal functioning, behavior, health, or fitness (Peek et al. 2002; Romero et al. 2009; Costantini et al. 2010), hereafter designated as dos ...
Photosynthesis and productivity in heterogeneous arctic tundra
... do not agree with flux measurements at larger spatial scales from flux towers and aircraft (Oechel et al. 1998; Fox et al. 2008). Critically, measurements of C uptake are usually made in well-defined vegetation stands. However, where (i) a large proportion of the landscape consists of mixed vegetation ...
... do not agree with flux measurements at larger spatial scales from flux towers and aircraft (Oechel et al. 1998; Fox et al. 2008). Critically, measurements of C uptake are usually made in well-defined vegetation stands. However, where (i) a large proportion of the landscape consists of mixed vegetation ...
Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
... that abundance of L. gibbosus can affect snail abundance (Osenberg et al. 1992) and may have an impact on fish eggs (Garcia-Berthou & Moreno-Amich, 2000). However, studies in GB have found no evidence of ecological impact (Copp et al. 2010; Vilizzi et al. 2012; Stakėnas et al. 2013). Jackson et al. ...
... that abundance of L. gibbosus can affect snail abundance (Osenberg et al. 1992) and may have an impact on fish eggs (Garcia-Berthou & Moreno-Amich, 2000). However, studies in GB have found no evidence of ecological impact (Copp et al. 2010; Vilizzi et al. 2012; Stakėnas et al. 2013). Jackson et al. ...
Not worth the risk: apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
native vegetation - Department of Environment Regulation
... Assessment of biodiversity is complex because of the huge number of species, genetic variation within species and associations of species that exist within Western Australian ecosystems. In general, there are only reasonable data on the diversity and distribution of vertebrates, limited data on the ...
... Assessment of biodiversity is complex because of the huge number of species, genetic variation within species and associations of species that exist within Western Australian ecosystems. In general, there are only reasonable data on the diversity and distribution of vertebrates, limited data on the ...
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what`s known and
... biomass production, consumption, and biogeochemical fluxes, we assembled a dataset of 42 studies that performed 110 experimental manipulations of species richness from 1999 to May 2011. For inclusion, studies must have manipulated the richness of 3 species, included treatments with all species tog ...
... biomass production, consumption, and biogeochemical fluxes, we assembled a dataset of 42 studies that performed 110 experimental manipulations of species richness from 1999 to May 2011. For inclusion, studies must have manipulated the richness of 3 species, included treatments with all species tog ...
Not worth the risk: apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
... fishes that perform numerous functions and create a complex network of species interactions (Sheppard et al. 2009). Worldwide, overfishing and habitat degradation has greatly contributed to the decline of reef fish populations (Jackson et al. 2001), particularly apex predators such as reef sharks (fami ...
Study on Circular Economic Development Pattern of Zhuhai
... environment management, such as environment supervision and monitoring, information management and environment education and propagation, still has a big gap to meet the standards. Dynamic environment supervision capability, quick responding reaction and emergency handling ability are still not stro ...
... environment management, such as environment supervision and monitoring, information management and environment education and propagation, still has a big gap to meet the standards. Dynamic environment supervision capability, quick responding reaction and emergency handling ability are still not stro ...
Novel ecosystems in the Anthropocene
... Growing awareness that most of Earth’s ecosystems are influenced by humans (Vitousek et al. 1997) and recognition that many of the ecosystems resulting from this influence do not resemble their natural precursors have led ecologists to distinguish between ecosystems with degraded structure and funct ...
... Growing awareness that most of Earth’s ecosystems are influenced by humans (Vitousek et al. 1997) and recognition that many of the ecosystems resulting from this influence do not resemble their natural precursors have led ecologists to distinguish between ecosystems with degraded structure and funct ...
Alien Marine Invertebrates of Hawaii
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
... If possible, photograph and relax specimens before fixing. Put in a jar with enough seawater to allow the specimens or expand fully, then freeze or adds menthol or magnesium chloride. Leave until relaxed, fix in formalin for a maximum of 12 hours; rinse thoroughly in water, store in 70% alcohol. Fla ...
The evolution of predator-prey interactions: Theory and evidence
... potentially affected by one or more traits are: (a) the individual’s maximum capture rate of prey (C in Equations 1 and 2), and (b) the individual’s per capita intake rate of prey required for zero population growth of the predator (B/D in Equation 1). In most cases, the relationship between prey ab ...
... potentially affected by one or more traits are: (a) the individual’s maximum capture rate of prey (C in Equations 1 and 2), and (b) the individual’s per capita intake rate of prey required for zero population growth of the predator (B/D in Equation 1). In most cases, the relationship between prey ab ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.