Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional
... honey bees’ pollination effectiveness on hybrid sunflowers (Greenleaf and Kremen 2006). Interspecific competition should force species to reduce niche overlap with coexisting species (interspecific repulsion), which may be realized by niche contraction or niche shifts (Morse 1974). Thus pollinators may ...
... honey bees’ pollination effectiveness on hybrid sunflowers (Greenleaf and Kremen 2006). Interspecific competition should force species to reduce niche overlap with coexisting species (interspecific repulsion), which may be realized by niche contraction or niche shifts (Morse 1974). Thus pollinators may ...
Ecological interactions drive evolutionary loss of traits
... remaining selection pressures on the trait, which is notoriously difficult (Lehmann et al. 2007). The majority of trait loss research has focused on cases in which a change or shift in the environment has driven functional redundancy. However, trait loss can also occur despite a continued functional ...
... remaining selection pressures on the trait, which is notoriously difficult (Lehmann et al. 2007). The majority of trait loss research has focused on cases in which a change or shift in the environment has driven functional redundancy. However, trait loss can also occur despite a continued functional ...
report of the first meeting of the ad hoc technical expert group
... New or more vigorous pests, especially those that have adverse effects on human health: (i) the released LM mosquitoes may not function as expected, for example due to gene silencing or undetected failures in the development of self-limiting LM mosquitoes, which could result in the release of sexual ...
... New or more vigorous pests, especially those that have adverse effects on human health: (i) the released LM mosquitoes may not function as expected, for example due to gene silencing or undetected failures in the development of self-limiting LM mosquitoes, which could result in the release of sexual ...
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants Beverly Rathcke
... Although numerous specific case studies of dormancy and germination requirements exist, few have characterized the genetic component of these requirements. Germination asynchrony observed within natural populations could result from microenvironmental heterogeneity, genotypic differences among indiv ...
... Although numerous specific case studies of dormancy and germination requirements exist, few have characterized the genetic component of these requirements. Germination asynchrony observed within natural populations could result from microenvironmental heterogeneity, genotypic differences among indiv ...
The amphibian decline crisis: A watershed for conservation
... major impact of habitat destruction in Europe during the mid-twentieth century, in contrast with more recent declines elsewhere (Houlahan et al., 2000). This conclusion has been contested, with the suggestion that global declines only began in the 1990s (Alford et al., 2001), but intensive arable fa ...
... major impact of habitat destruction in Europe during the mid-twentieth century, in contrast with more recent declines elsewhere (Houlahan et al., 2000). This conclusion has been contested, with the suggestion that global declines only began in the 1990s (Alford et al., 2001), but intensive arable fa ...
Chapter 53 communities
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Food web relationships involving Anadiplosis sp. galls
... of widespread occurrence in the Brazilian "cerrados" (Hoehne 1941) whose leaf galls have been described morphologically by Fernandes et al. (1982, 1987). These galls are caused by a new species of Anadiplosis sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, nearA. venustaTavares, R.J. Gagné, personal communication). Th ...
... of widespread occurrence in the Brazilian "cerrados" (Hoehne 1941) whose leaf galls have been described morphologically by Fernandes et al. (1982, 1987). These galls are caused by a new species of Anadiplosis sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, nearA. venustaTavares, R.J. Gagné, personal communication). Th ...
Positive Plant Diversity-Soil Stability Relationships are
... The interplay between organisms and their physicchemical environment plays a key role in both evolution and ecosystem functioning (Loreau, 2010), and plants can affect soil processes either directly or indirectly (Loreau et al., 2001; Sylvain and Wall, 2011). Here, we conducted this study to examine ...
... The interplay between organisms and their physicchemical environment plays a key role in both evolution and ecosystem functioning (Loreau, 2010), and plants can affect soil processes either directly or indirectly (Loreau et al., 2001; Sylvain and Wall, 2011). Here, we conducted this study to examine ...
Does plant trait plasticity explain the relative competitive ability of
... Venterink, 2011). Differences in productivity might cause the diversity-‐ productivity curve to be narrower under P limitation than under N limitation (Wassen et al., 2005), which indicates that ...
... Venterink, 2011). Differences in productivity might cause the diversity-‐ productivity curve to be narrower under P limitation than under N limitation (Wassen et al., 2005), which indicates that ...
A keystone predator controls bacterial diversity in the pitcher
... as nutrient availability or other environmental parameters (Moran and Scheidler, 2002). Simple and wellcharacterized natural model ecosystems can be used to determine how each of these forces function and interact with each other at different scales. However, there is a dearth of such systems availa ...
... as nutrient availability or other environmental parameters (Moran and Scheidler, 2002). Simple and wellcharacterized natural model ecosystems can be used to determine how each of these forces function and interact with each other at different scales. However, there is a dearth of such systems availa ...
Competitive Response Hierarchies for Germination
... 1995). Indeed, competition among species has also been considered to occur directly only through growth, with other factors influencing fecundity, emergence, and survival (Grubb et al. 1982). The ecological consequences of changing competitive hierarchies over life histories depend on the magnitude ...
... 1995). Indeed, competition among species has also been considered to occur directly only through growth, with other factors influencing fecundity, emergence, and survival (Grubb et al. 1982). The ecological consequences of changing competitive hierarchies over life histories depend on the magnitude ...
Environmental context determines multi-trophic effects of consumer species loss
... assemblages of species, which limits potential applicability of such findings for natural ecosystems, where species loss is not random (Srivastava & Vellend, 2005; Bracken et al., 2008). One of the few studies that attempted to mimic realistic non-random species loss in nature found that even the ra ...
... assemblages of species, which limits potential applicability of such findings for natural ecosystems, where species loss is not random (Srivastava & Vellend, 2005; Bracken et al., 2008). One of the few studies that attempted to mimic realistic non-random species loss in nature found that even the ra ...
Summary
... structure and function. Responses of many individual species to natural and anthropogenic stresses have been studied in great detail, but far less is known about how species interactions within integrated communities will respond to stress. Environmental cycles with lengthy return times, natural and ...
... structure and function. Responses of many individual species to natural and anthropogenic stresses have been studied in great detail, but far less is known about how species interactions within integrated communities will respond to stress. Environmental cycles with lengthy return times, natural and ...
The Mechanisms and Consequences of Interspecific Competition
... (1997), needs to be developed. In this context, little is known about the temporal dynamics of competition (Trinder et al. 2013), which improve insight into both which species are more competitive and why. Isotope pool dilution and the use of radioisotopes may be difficult to apply, but there are ne ...
... (1997), needs to be developed. In this context, little is known about the temporal dynamics of competition (Trinder et al. 2013), which improve insight into both which species are more competitive and why. Isotope pool dilution and the use of radioisotopes may be difficult to apply, but there are ne ...
Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis?
... 2003; Siemann & Rogers 2003a). Second, as noted above, available evidence seems to be skewed towards regulatory rather than compensatory release. For example, Agrawal et al. (1999) noted that trade-offs might only be apparent where multiple fitness characteristics are examined together, as slight im ...
... 2003; Siemann & Rogers 2003a). Second, as noted above, available evidence seems to be skewed towards regulatory rather than compensatory release. For example, Agrawal et al. (1999) noted that trade-offs might only be apparent where multiple fitness characteristics are examined together, as slight im ...
Reducing the threat of a nationally significant weed to biodiversity
... percent of the high priority biodiversity identified in the TAP is now under active management to prevent further impacts from bitou bush. Below we present a brief summary from five priority sites to illustrate the effectiveness of the on-ground implementation of the Bitou TAP in NSW. Extended versi ...
... percent of the high priority biodiversity identified in the TAP is now under active management to prevent further impacts from bitou bush. Below we present a brief summary from five priority sites to illustrate the effectiveness of the on-ground implementation of the Bitou TAP in NSW. Extended versi ...
Diversity analysis: A fresh Approach
... conservation value of the pre- versus post-plague communities. The tools of diversity analysis should be able to clearly indicate the magnitude of this drop if they are to be useful in less dramatic situations. Yet the post-plague community's Gini-Simpson index is 0.99, only 1% less than the Gini-Si ...
... conservation value of the pre- versus post-plague communities. The tools of diversity analysis should be able to clearly indicate the magnitude of this drop if they are to be useful in less dramatic situations. Yet the post-plague community's Gini-Simpson index is 0.99, only 1% less than the Gini-Si ...
1603 059Hamilton.indd - Institute for Applied Ecology
... percent of the high priority biodiversity identified in the TAP is now under active management to prevent further impacts from bitou bush. Below we present a brief summary from five priority sites to illustrate the effectiveness of the on-ground implementation of the Bitou TAP in NSW. Extended versi ...
... percent of the high priority biodiversity identified in the TAP is now under active management to prevent further impacts from bitou bush. Below we present a brief summary from five priority sites to illustrate the effectiveness of the on-ground implementation of the Bitou TAP in NSW. Extended versi ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
... diversification that leads to speciation (Wade 2007), for example. It applies to many levels of biological organization (ecosystems, communities or genomes) and components (genes, individuals, species or biochemical ...
Grasshoppers in the Lawn and Garden - KSRE Bookstore
... Continued grasshopper activity a day or two after insecticide application can cause frustration. It may appear that the initial treatment did not kill the intruders. In these situations, the grasshoppers were likely killed, but their bodies are overlooked because of the activity of newly arrived gra ...
... Continued grasshopper activity a day or two after insecticide application can cause frustration. It may appear that the initial treatment did not kill the intruders. In these situations, the grasshoppers were likely killed, but their bodies are overlooked because of the activity of newly arrived gra ...
Control of plant species diversity and community invasibility by
... seeded richness could significantly predict invasibility after the effects of F. esculentum had been accounted for, and vice-versa. For this analysis we noted the sum of squares of invasibility accounted for by each variable, also called a factor’s ‘‘magnitude of effect’’ (Weldon and Slauson 1986). ...
... seeded richness could significantly predict invasibility after the effects of F. esculentum had been accounted for, and vice-versa. For this analysis we noted the sum of squares of invasibility accounted for by each variable, also called a factor’s ‘‘magnitude of effect’’ (Weldon and Slauson 1986). ...
Island biology and the consequences of interspecific
... notoriously noxious invasive species that disrupts native communities almost everywhere it has been introduced. 4. The paper is really about inferring process (interspecific competition) from patterns (body sizes among islands). 5. And finally, Barun et al. (2015) stress the necessity of knowing one ...
... notoriously noxious invasive species that disrupts native communities almost everywhere it has been introduced. 4. The paper is really about inferring process (interspecific competition) from patterns (body sizes among islands). 5. And finally, Barun et al. (2015) stress the necessity of knowing one ...
pdf file - UNM Biology
... effects, and in assessing their full magnitude. First. unless all species (or at least all functional groups of organisms) are monitored, it is likely that indirect pathways will be overlooked, and their consequences will be confused with the results of direct interactions. Second, long-term press e ...
... effects, and in assessing their full magnitude. First. unless all species (or at least all functional groups of organisms) are monitored, it is likely that indirect pathways will be overlooked, and their consequences will be confused with the results of direct interactions. Second, long-term press e ...
Amphibian Population Declines: Evolutionary Considerations
... Amphibian evolution and exposure to sunlight Over evolutionary time, selection pressures have shaped the life history characteristics and behaviors of amphibians in ways that relate to their exposure to sunlight. Amphibians seek sunlight for thermoregulation and to maximize their growth and developm ...
... Amphibian evolution and exposure to sunlight Over evolutionary time, selection pressures have shaped the life history characteristics and behaviors of amphibians in ways that relate to their exposure to sunlight. Amphibians seek sunlight for thermoregulation and to maximize their growth and developm ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.