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... with warmer days and longer periods of warm days without rain [61,62]. Elevation and latitude will interact with climate change and changes may be more severe at higher elevations and higher latitudes [63]. The flight duration of late season flying Speyeria species may become extended, as it has for ...
... with warmer days and longer periods of warm days without rain [61,62]. Elevation and latitude will interact with climate change and changes may be more severe at higher elevations and higher latitudes [63]. The flight duration of late season flying Speyeria species may become extended, as it has for ...
Inconsistent use of host plants by the Alaskan swallowtail butterfly
... group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host-plant family Asteraceae and is monophagous on Artemisia dracu ...
... group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host-plant family Asteraceae and is monophagous on Artemisia dracu ...
Habitat heterogeneity, biogenic disturbance, and
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
... Abstract. Habitat heterogeneity is a major structuring agent of ecological assemblages promoting beta diversity and ultimately contributing to overall higher global diversity. The exact processes by which heterogeneity increases diversity are scale dependent and encompass variation in other well-kno ...
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Instituto de Biologia Programa
... that, in the case of C. stellatus, fundamental and realized niche are not similar, since the realized niche is compressed due to interspecific competition (Connell, 1961, 1983). Connell experiments demonstrated that competitive exclusion occurs in nature, and this may explain the distinction between ...
... that, in the case of C. stellatus, fundamental and realized niche are not similar, since the realized niche is compressed due to interspecific competition (Connell, 1961, 1983). Connell experiments demonstrated that competitive exclusion occurs in nature, and this may explain the distinction between ...
Predation‐Competition Interactions for Seasonally Recruiting Species.
... trade-offs suffice. Fluctuation-dependent coexistence occurs in our model with or without predation. The effect of predation on fluctuation-dependent coexistence may be positive, negative, or neutral depending on the circumstances. Importantly, we are able to explain the circumstances that allow eac ...
... trade-offs suffice. Fluctuation-dependent coexistence occurs in our model with or without predation. The effect of predation on fluctuation-dependent coexistence may be positive, negative, or neutral depending on the circumstances. Importantly, we are able to explain the circumstances that allow eac ...
Ch 54--Community Ecology
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Ant Community Dynamics and the Effects of Global Warming
... In chapter 4, I examined the potential for climatic warming to alter seed dispersal in eastern deciduous forests. I examined both overall and species-specific rates of seed removal with the expectation that the above-observed changes in rates of ant foraging activity would result in altered numbers ...
... In chapter 4, I examined the potential for climatic warming to alter seed dispersal in eastern deciduous forests. I examined both overall and species-specific rates of seed removal with the expectation that the above-observed changes in rates of ant foraging activity would result in altered numbers ...
O papel do fogo na estruturação funcional e filogenética de savanas
... copas densas, o que lhes permitiria fechar o dossel da comunidade rapidamente (Hoffmann et al. 2012). Dessa forma, a probabilidade de cruzar o primeiro limiar seria maior para espécies de savana enquanto que a probabilidade de cruzar o segundo seria maior para espécies de ...
... copas densas, o que lhes permitiria fechar o dossel da comunidade rapidamente (Hoffmann et al. 2012). Dessa forma, a probabilidade de cruzar o primeiro limiar seria maior para espécies de savana enquanto que a probabilidade de cruzar o segundo seria maior para espécies de ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... In truth, we lack a complete understanding of why the power law form of the GSDR emerges at large spatiotemporal scales when average (or possibly maximum) population densities are considered [10,24]. Given the scale at which the GSDR pattern is evident, it seems likely that the underlying processes ...
... In truth, we lack a complete understanding of why the power law form of the GSDR emerges at large spatiotemporal scales when average (or possibly maximum) population densities are considered [10,24]. Given the scale at which the GSDR pattern is evident, it seems likely that the underlying processes ...
Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei)
... significant driving forces for speciation at the geographic level. The extent of panrnixia is not known, and the possibility of geographic structuring on local or regional scales has received limited attention (see below). Similarly, tests of many hypotheses have been hampered by the absence of reli ...
... significant driving forces for speciation at the geographic level. The extent of panrnixia is not known, and the possibility of geographic structuring on local or regional scales has received limited attention (see below). Similarly, tests of many hypotheses have been hampered by the absence of reli ...
Patterns in Species Richness
... crucial aspect of that community’s biodiversity. The exact meaning of biodiversity is discussed in Chapter 14, but for now it is clear that if we wish to conserve or restore biodiversity, then we must understand how species numbers are determined and how it comes about that they vary. We will see th ...
... crucial aspect of that community’s biodiversity. The exact meaning of biodiversity is discussed in Chapter 14, but for now it is clear that if we wish to conserve or restore biodiversity, then we must understand how species numbers are determined and how it comes about that they vary. We will see th ...
Limiting Similarity Revisited
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
Evolution of Predator and Prey Movement into Sink Habitats
... capita growth rate without their prey. Hence, a sink habitat for the prey is always a sink habitat for the predator-prey interaction; that is, both species become locally extinct when neither species immigrates into the habitat. However, sink habitats for the prey may serve as source habitats for pr ...
... capita growth rate without their prey. Hence, a sink habitat for the prey is always a sink habitat for the predator-prey interaction; that is, both species become locally extinct when neither species immigrates into the habitat. However, sink habitats for the prey may serve as source habitats for pr ...
Intra-guild competition and its implications for one of the biggest
... seen as a form of scramble competition [7]. If the same conditions applied in Late Cretaceous ecosystems, T. rex could have been in competition for resources with a range of different-sized theropods, also including juvenile and sub-adult T. rex individuals, which may have been relatively abundant c ...
... seen as a form of scramble competition [7]. If the same conditions applied in Late Cretaceous ecosystems, T. rex could have been in competition for resources with a range of different-sized theropods, also including juvenile and sub-adult T. rex individuals, which may have been relatively abundant c ...
Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on
... important, but unmanipulated variables: most notably, sessile species community composition and evenness. Therefore, we incorporated these unmanipulated variables into additional statistical analyses to further examine when species richness may influence consumption. Our decision to perform experimen ...
... important, but unmanipulated variables: most notably, sessile species community composition and evenness. Therefore, we incorporated these unmanipulated variables into additional statistical analyses to further examine when species richness may influence consumption. Our decision to perform experimen ...
References - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
... In chapter 4, I examined the potential for climatic warming to alter seed dispersal in eastern deciduous forests. I examined both overall and species-specific rates of seed removal with the expectation that the above-observed changes in rates of ant foraging activity would result in altered numbers ...
... In chapter 4, I examined the potential for climatic warming to alter seed dispersal in eastern deciduous forests. I examined both overall and species-specific rates of seed removal with the expectation that the above-observed changes in rates of ant foraging activity would result in altered numbers ...
The Concept of Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers Ten Years On
... species. In many cases, the work of environmental modification is shared across species within a system (e.g., diverse species of corals creating reefs), rather than being the product of one species. In other situations, the modification is done by numerically dominant or biomass-dominant species (e ...
... species. In many cases, the work of environmental modification is shared across species within a system (e.g., diverse species of corals creating reefs), rather than being the product of one species. In other situations, the modification is done by numerically dominant or biomass-dominant species (e ...
The Concept of Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers Ten Years On
... species. In many cases, the work of environmental modification is shared across species within a system (e.g., diverse species of corals creating reefs), rather than being the product of one species. In other situations, the modification is done by numerically dominant or biomass-dominant species (e ...
... species. In many cases, the work of environmental modification is shared across species within a system (e.g., diverse species of corals creating reefs), rather than being the product of one species. In other situations, the modification is done by numerically dominant or biomass-dominant species (e ...
PHENOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANTS By
... The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common fail ...
... The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common fail ...
High diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities of marine
... therefore change its functions, and may thus disturb its homeostatic relations with the host and finally may favor disease. The phylogenetic diversity should then be considered when assessing the level and variability of skin microbiome diversity. For example, two communities dominated by different ...
... therefore change its functions, and may thus disturb its homeostatic relations with the host and finally may favor disease. The phylogenetic diversity should then be considered when assessing the level and variability of skin microbiome diversity. For example, two communities dominated by different ...
Phenotypic plasticity and interactions among plants
... and found evidence for two basic architectural patterns. Some trees had high water potentials (21.5 to 23.0 MPa at the end of the dry season) and a low biomass of fine roots in the shallow soil beneath their canopies, whereas other trees had low water potentials (23.5 to 24.5 MPa) and approximately ...
... and found evidence for two basic architectural patterns. Some trees had high water potentials (21.5 to 23.0 MPa at the end of the dry season) and a low biomass of fine roots in the shallow soil beneath their canopies, whereas other trees had low water potentials (23.5 to 24.5 MPa) and approximately ...
54_Lecture_Presentation - APBiology2015-2016
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Economic instruments to achieve ecosystem objectives in fisheries
... derivatives are contained in the (II) Jacobian matrices e, Ye and Gx. Gx is the biological community matrix as previously discussed. However, these two equations make it clear that the matrices e and Ye - which may be regarded as the economic community matrices - play in general just as important ...
... derivatives are contained in the (II) Jacobian matrices e, Ye and Gx. Gx is the biological community matrix as previously discussed. However, these two equations make it clear that the matrices e and Ye - which may be regarded as the economic community matrices - play in general just as important ...
Chapter 54
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.